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BIOTECHNOLOGY & GM CROPS: OPPORTUNITIES, RISKS IN AFRICABIOTECHNOLOGY & GM CROPS:
OPPORTUNITIES, RISKS IN AFRICA
FANRPAN REGIONAL STAKEHOLDERS MEETING
31 Aug—4 Sept 2009, Maputo, Mozambique
WYNAND J. VAN DER WALT
FOODNCROPBIO
Tel (+27)-12-347-6334 / 083-468-3471wynandjvdw@telkomsa.net
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DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
BIOTECHNOLOGY application of biological production systems beer, bread, wine, cheese MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY tissue culture, embryo transfer, vaccination GENETIC MODIFICATION = GM transfer or alter genes BIOSAFETY FRAMEWORKS Regulatory systems to ensure safety
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GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPSGENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS
GM REQUIRES SOLVING SPECIFIC PROBLEMS ADAPTED VARIETIES ACCEPTED BY FARMERS, POLITICIANS,
CONSUMERS PART OF FARMING TECHNOLOGIES EXTENSION SERVICES MANAGEMENT
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NATIONAL MAIZE CROP YIELDS PER HECTARE 1924 TO 2009 FOR FIVE PERIODS: OPVs, ADVENT OF HYBRIDS, PRIVATE HYBRIDS,
INFUSION OF US GERMPLASM, AND IMPACT OF GM
NATIONAL MAIZE CROP YIELDS PER HECTARE 1924 TO 2009 FOR FIVE PERIODS: OPVs, ADVENT OF HYBRIDS, PRIVATE HYBRIDS,
INFUSION OF US GERMPLASM, AND IMPACT OF GM
MAIZE: YIELD PER HA SINCE 1924/ 25
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
1924 1929 1934 1939 1944 1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009
OPV
Hybrids
Private Cultivar
US Germplasm
GM
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Figure 2Figure 2Figure 2: Trend of South African GM maize hectares 2000-
2009 harvest years
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Years
Hec
tare
s x1
000
GM HECTARE WHITE GM HECTARE YELLOW GM HECTARE TOTAL
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Global Area of Biotech Crops, 1996 to 2008:Industrial and Developing Countries (M Has, M Acres)
Source: Clive James, 2009
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Total
Industrial
Developing
0
49
99
148
198
247
296
346
M Acres
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Biotech Crop Countries and Mega-Countries, 2008
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SOME PROVEN BENEFITS OF GM CROPS
SOME PROVEN BENEFITS OF GM CROPS
REDUCTION IN DAMAGE BY WEEDS, PESTS, DISEASES
INCREASED FARMER INCOME REDUCTION IN CHEMICAL PESTICIDES MORE SAFETY FOR HUMANS AND ENVIRONMENT PROMOTED CONSERVATION FARMING MORE HEALTHY FOODS CROPS WITH SPECIALIZED TRAITS
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AFRICAN ISSUES, CONSTRAINTS,CONCERNS, RISKS
AFRICAN ISSUES, CONSTRAINTS,CONCERNS, RISKS
NEED POLICIES AND BIOSAFETY FRAMEWORKS NEED SPECIAL TRAITS FOR SPECIAL PROBLEMS ATTENTION TO AFRICAN FOOD CROPS TRAITS IN ADAPTED VARIETIES INTEGRATE WITH ACCESS TO OTHER INPUTS, EXTENSION,
INFRASTRUCTURE, CREDIT, MARKETS CONSIDER IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY POST-RELEASE MONITORING TRADE BARRIERS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS FARMER IMPATIENCE EVIDENCE-BASED COMMUNICATION
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DISPARATIES IN AFRICAN APPROACHES
DISPARATIES IN AFRICAN APPROACHES
<10% EXPORT TRADE IS INTRA-AFRICA S.AFRICA SOLE GM FLYER UNTIL 2008, THEN
EGYPT AND BURKINA FASO MOST BIOSAFETY FRAMEWORKS NOT YET IN
PLACE – POLICIES? STATUS RANGES FROM PRO- TO ANTI-BIOTECH,
MANY UNCLEAR A.P. RANGES 1% TO 0.5% TO 0.2% TO ZERO
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STAKEHOLDER ACTIONSSTAKEHOLDER ACTIONS
FANRPAN: STUDIES, REPORTS, PUBLICATIONS, ADVOCACY = NO PROMOTION
MANY STAKEHOLDERS, MUCH POLARIZATION, UNCOORDINATED
COMESA: INITIATIVE FOR HARMONIZATION OF BIOTECH POLICIES, BIOSAFETY FRAMEWORKS
FARMER ACCESS TO TEST AND ADOPT
FACILITATE TRADE IN GMO
FACILITATE FOOD AID TRANSFER
CENTRES OF EXELLENCE
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THANKS TO FANRPANAND TO THE AUDIENCE
THANKS TO FANRPANAND TO THE AUDIENCE
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