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Team Overview: BGI The BGI team is involved with creating,
designing, and implementing systems benefiting the local community and environment
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Team Overview: OrganizationTeam Leader:
Ken Little
Hillel House Pay-As-You-Throw
Project Leader:Matt Leon
William Naville
Nicole Samuelson
Heather Carhart
Caroline Early
Yitian Hu
Cassie Sands
Allyssa Stoll
Bhakti Khandagale
Rachel Roberts
Project Leader:Udit Pandey
Ken Little
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Introduction Heather Carhart – Senior in Quantitative Agricultural
Economics Caroline Early – Sophomore in Communications Yitian Hu – Sophomore in Civil Engineering Bhakti Khandagale – Freshmen in First Year
Engineering Udit Pandey – Sophomore in Mechanical Engineering Rachel Roberts – Senior in Math Education and
Natural Resources & Environmental Science
PAYT
http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/tools/payt/topics.htm
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What is Pay-As-You-Throw? System where residents pay for Waste service based
on trash thrown out or put at curbside Residents only pay for what they use similar to utility
system Two Basic PAYT systems: Volume and Weight
Volume uses bags, tags, or stickers Weight uses various can sizes per pound
More than 5,000 communities in the U.S. practice PAYT
Cities large and small, rural and urban
http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/tools/payt/top20.htm
http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/tools/payt/tools/index.htm
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Community Need Our project partner: Rev. Peter Bunder
Investigate an alternative waste and recycling system for the city of West Lafayette
Benefits to Addressing Community Needs Proposal and innovative ideas presented to Rev. Peter
Bunder and West Lafayette Go Greener Commission Equity in the community Encourage recycling in the greater society
PAYT
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Community Need Relevance to the project partner
Design Question: Is a metered trash or Pay-As-You-Throw program feasible for the city of West Lafayette? Reasoning: Avoid an increase in resident’s
sanitation bill Current system is a fixed rate for a variable
amount of waste Current system is not sustainable
PAYT
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Goals of the project Duration of Project: 12 months Goals: Proposal for pilot program and
PAYT program Not currently addressed: Education and
Implementation Potentially addressed next semester
PAYT
Overall Objectives: Case Studies in Bloomington, Indiana and Lansing, Michigan & Pilot Program in West Lafayette’s 2nd District
http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/tools/payt/top7.htm
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Goals of the Project What is the success criterion?
Presentation of concise and current information concerning the PAYT program, endorse a specific rate structure design
What are the deliverables? A proposal for best method to implement a PAYT
program for the city of West Lafayette.
PAYT
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Background Research Research Case Studies and current waste
disposal system of West Lafayette Additional information that could be utilized.
We could also use first hand knowledge and reviews of PAYT programs in Indiana and grants that will financially aid the implementation and sustenance of the program.
PAYT
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Benefits to PAYT program
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Environmental Sustainability: Effectively promotes waste reduction
Economic Stability: Stable revenue covers cost of services
Equity: Economically fair delivery of services
http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/tools/payt/tools/index.htm
PAYT offers “a direct economic payback to the people”—San Jose elected official
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Benefits to a PAYT program Duke University National Study
14 to 27% average waste reduction 32 to 59% increase in recyclingSource: http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/payt/tools/sld_show.htm
Examples of U.S. Cities SavingWilmington, NC (population 75,000) $400,000 per year
Littleton, NH (population: 5,800) $40,000 in extra funds with PAYTGainesville, FL (population: 96,000)$186,200 savingsSan Jose, CA (population: 850,000) reduced cost by $4 million annually
http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/tools/payt/tools/index.htm
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Barriers to a PAYT program Potential for illegal dumping Potential for uneven cash flow due to variable
rates An increase in administrative costs Identifying trash to residents in multiple unit
housing
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Collectable Trash from Household
Municipal Solid Waste
Collected once a week
Large items: sofas, chairs,
mattresses,
tables etc.
Solid Waste
Hoosier
Disposal
Recyclable: Paper, metal can, glass container, plastic
Collected once every two weeks
Yard wasteCollected once a week
during spring, summer &
fall
Good Earth
Large Appliance: refrigerator, stoves,
washer, etcCollected once a month and
require a contact with Sanitation Department in
advance
Freon :Nu
Genesi
Non Freon:J
B Salvage
FREE
Two Yellow sticker ($4)
per bin
One Yellow sticker
($2) per bin
One green sticker ($1)
per bin
Two Yellow sticker
($4) per bin
Figure 1Bloomington, Indiana
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Bloomington: Overview of Regular Services
PAYT
2004 2005 2006 2007Tons of Trash
7,347.43 6,665.73 6,924.26 6,538.66
Tons of Recycle
2,795.18 2,870.90 2,877.65 2,869.51
Tons of Yard 1,624.05 1,073.25 1,620.00 1,649.00Per Sticker
Fee$1.00 $2.00 $2.00 $2.00
Per Sticker Fee
$0.25 $1.00 $1.00 $1.00
Trash Sticker
Revenue
$580,500.50 $926,000.00 $930,000.00 $906,940.00
Yard Sticker Revenue
$26,154.00 $88,000.00 $73,500.00 $68,465.00
Total Revenue
$606,654.50 $1,014,000.00
$1,003,500.00
$975,405.00
Tons of trash decreased from 2004 – 2007 by approximately 800 tons which in cost is $30 thousand in ATF
Number of households served: 15,100
In 2007, next revenue from tags was approximately $960,400
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Lansing, Michigan: Overview of Services Proportional Rate System utilizing both Bags for trash and stickers for bulk
items. Blue Billy Trash Carts System
32 gallon = $38.00 per 3 months 65 gallon = $48.00 per 3 months 95 gallon = $49.00 per 3 months (includes 3 extra 30 gallon bags on side)
$50 annual fee that covers recycling costs Purchase a package of 5 blue bags for $8.75 at convenience stores and local
grocery stores as needed. Yard waste is collected between April and November. Large Items over 30 pounds and/or longer than 4 feet in length, such as
furniture must be tagged with a bulk collection sticker ($33.00 per sticker). Restrictions: nothing over 30 pounds and/or 4 feet in length without bulk item
sticker
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Collectable Trash from Household
Municipal Solid Waste
Collected once a week
Solid Waste
& Large Items
Tippecanoe
County
Transfer
Station
Large Applia
nces (withou
t chemicals)
Oscar Winsk
i Lafayette
Recyclable: Paper, metal scraps & cans,
glass , plasticCollected once every two
weeks
Streets, Sanitation, and Recycling Center of W.L.
Newspaper to Regal Indianapolis
Mixed Paper to
Transfer Systems
Frankfort
Scrap metal to Oscar Winski
Lafayette
Yard wasteCollected once a week (Oct - Dec can be on curb but other
times in a can)
Soil Maker
Drop off Bins for Specific
Neighborhoods: mixed paper
Collected once a month and require a contact with Sanitation Department to
start service
Streets, Sanitation, and
Recycling Center of W.L.
Transfer Systems Frankfort
Figure 2West Lafayette, Indiana
$9 garbage bill each month FREE FREE
Part of garbage
bill
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West Lafayette: Overview of Regular ServicesNumber of households serviced: 4650 There are six routes for each service. For solid waste (trash + large items: 4 workers and 2 trucks. For yard waste: 6 workers and 3 trucks. For recycling: 2 trucks with 1 worker each. Neighborhood drop off bin service. An additional service is the recycling drop off center.
PAYT
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Preliminary Budget Item Amount Date
Trash pick up survey(PAYT)(3000 surveys) $750 Fall 08
Pilot project success surveys (1000 surveys) $250 Spring 09
Bloomington, IN field trip to study PAYT program $140 Spring 09
Total: $1,140.00
PAYT
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Discussion of Future Plans/Current Decisions Currently, our team has begun the Rate
Structure Design in which we have many decisions and aspects to consider.
Following a decision concerning billing process, rate structure design we will complete a proposal suggesting a method to implement a Pay-As-You-Throw program in West Lafayette.
PAYT
http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/tools/payt/top15.htm
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Rate Structure Decisions:
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• Proportional
• Variable
• Two-tiered/ Multi-tiered
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/payt/tools/sld_show.htm
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Rate Structure Design
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Program goals Waste Prevention Greater Equity (greater level of fairness) Extended landfill capacity (ATF) Revenue Stability
Addressing Barriers Well-designed rate structures can help communities control illegal
diversion and cooperation between departments and collaborative community efforts can prevent enforcement difficulties
Pricing System: Proportional, Variable Rate, Multi-tier Analysis: estimate price based on budget or perform advanced rate setting analysis
for projected year Keys to Success: Complementary Programs & Education
http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/tools/payt/tools/official.htm
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Rate Structure Design
Proportional Pricing System:
Each household spends $10 per month
Creating a $558,000 revenue generated from the sale of trash tags, which is much more than generated from $9 fixed rate without including increase in recycling revenue generated
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1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 20080
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000Trash in West Lafayette
Trash
Linear (Trash )
YearT
rash
in T
ons
Assumptions:Current W. Lafayette Trash TrendsPAYT National Trends Proportional Estimate 35 gallons of trash weighs no more than 40 pounds
Estimated Need per Household is 5 tags/bags (35 gal) per month
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Questions?
Project Partner Liaison: Caroline Early cjearly@purdue.eduWebsite: http://epics.ecn.purdue.edu/bgi/
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Introduction Matt Leon (Project Leader, Management, Senior) Kenneth Little (Engineering, Senior) William Naville (Engineering, Freshman) Nicole Samuelson (Engineering, Freshman) Cassie Sands (Engineering, Freshman) Allyssa Stoll (Engineering, Freshman)
Hillel House
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Community Need Relevance to the project partner
What is the need that is being addressed? Hillel House currently uses many of the same structures
and appliances that were established with the house’s initial construction in 1959 and are in need of updating.
The building is wasting energy through excessively high heating and cooling bills.
Hillel House
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Community Need Initial contact was made with the organization for
the analysis of potentially establishing a green roof on the building.
Reducing building energy consumption will allow more funds to be directed to the students in the organization and improve the building.
Hillel House
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Goals of the Project The BGI team will create a strategic plan to
maximize energy savings with minimal capital input and implement small scale repairs and additions.
Our team will not be able to install large scale projects such as window replacement, electrical rewiring, or heating and cooling system changes.
Hillel House
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Goals of the Project What is the success criteria?
The success of this project will come from reducing energy costs for Hillel House at a rate that will justify the initial investment.
Hillel House
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Solution Feasibility ChartHillel House
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Requirement Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3
Solar Passive solar heating/lighting
Solar water heating Solar power generation
Green Roof Partial extensive roof Full extensive roof Intensive roof
Winterization Ceiling insulation, outlet insulation
Wrap windows, replace broken panes, caulk windows
Crawl space insulation
Geothermal Heating/Cooling
Horizontal boring Vertical drilling Standard horizontal loops
Feasible Not FeasiblePossible
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Solar: Overview Goals of Solar Energy
Reduce electricity use from grid Creative use of passive solar to reduce
heating/cooling needs
Hillel House
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Solar: Proposed Solutions Passive solar
Use natural lighting to reduce interior lighting needs Can be utilized while minimizing window surface area during replacement
Hillel House
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www.eere.energy.gov
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Solar: Proposed Solutions Solar water heating
Reduce heating costs for hot water production Minimal hot water consumption makes this option less necessary
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www.eere.energy.gov
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Solar: Proposed Solutions Photovoltaic cells
Reduce the use of electricity from grid (Duke Energy) Climate limits viability in Indiana $23,000: 3.87 kW system would return $345.73/year in electricity costs (
http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/codes_algs/PVWATTS/version1/US) 66.5 year payback
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www.solarpanelstore.com
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Green Roofs: Overview A building roof covered partially or fully by
vegetation. Provides insulation for the house which would
increase energy efficiency. Save cooling costs up to 75% in the spring and
summer. Reduces water runoff, can retain as much as 60
percent of all rainwater.
Insert Project Name Here
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Green Roofs: Partial extensive Vegetation covers only specific sections of the
house. Cheaper than full roof. However, costs more per square foot. Can be placed in strategic locations.
Insert Project Name Here
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Green Roofs: Full extensive The roof size of the Hillel House is 5850 sq
ft. It costs about $13.80 per square foot to
install a green roof. Total cost of $80,671 At the current electricity prices, they would
save about $420 per year with a green roof. 192 year payback
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Green Roofs: Limitations It is much more cost effective on a larger scale than the
Hillel House. May not be cost effective enough to implement on the
Hillel House. The roof needs to be structurally sound. The condition of
the Hillel House roof may not be adequate and full saturated weight is between 20-50 lbs/sq.ft.
Environmental benefits far outweigh financial benefits
Insert Project Name Here
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Winterization: Overview Winterization
Insulation Wrap Windows Replace Window Panes Replace Window Caulking
Insert Project Name Here
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Winterization Insulation
Keeps energy from escaping from the building and into the atmosphere, which keeps cost down.
Wrap Windows Keeps energy form escaping. Similar to insulation.
Replacing Broken Panes Replacing these panes will directly affect energy loss because
we are fixing a hole in the wall.
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Winterization Solutions Insulation
Caulking around windows, ceiling, and outlets Wrapping Windows
Clear wrap around all windows to help insulate Replacing Broken Panes
Taking out broken pane and replacing it.
Insert Project Name Here
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Geothermal: Overview Geothermal heating/cooling systems use a heat
pump and a system of underground exchangers to heat and cool a building more efficiently than conventional methods.
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Geothermal Options Vertical Loop
This method requires loops of pipes to be ran 20-40’ underground for heat exchange.
Horizontal Loop This method requires a long distance of loops to
be ran 5’ underground in a large area. Horizontal Boring
This method uses the same design as a horizontal loop; however, the loops can be bored at 90 degree angle to rest under structures.
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www.practicalenergy.ca
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Vertical Loop
Horizontal Loop
Rain Garden: Overview A shallow constructed depression that is planted with deep-rooted
native plants & grasses. Easiest, most cost effective, and aesthetically pleasing thing that
can be done to reduce the contribution to storm water pollution.
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http://raingardennetwork.com
Rain Garden: Benefits Personal water quality system because it filters
the runoff from your roof and lawn and recharges the groundwater.
Reduces the need for an irrigation system. Aesthetically pleasing while fixing the current
walkway.
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Rain Barrels What is a rain barrel:
Collects and stores rainwater from rooftops to use later for lawn and garden watering.
Benefits: Conserves water and help lower costs Reducing water pollution by reducing
storm water runoff
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http://www.cleanairgardening.com
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Preliminary Budget
Item Amount indv Price Total Cost
Caulking 24 5.00 120.00
Shrink-It Window Sealer Kit 20 13.29 265.80
Window Pane 1 7 7.00
TOTAL 392.80
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Discussion of Future Plans Fall Semester ‘08
Finish feasibility report Winterize building
Spring Semesters ‘09 Design and install landscape/rain garden Begin implementation of feasible and accepted
projects (i.e. double pane windows, heat pumps, etc.)
Hillel House
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