1 Day 1 Ch. 20 and 21 “Ideas are as dangerous as guns. We would not give our enemies guns so why...

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“Ideas are as dangerous as guns. We would not give our enemies guns so why should we give them ideas”• J. Stalin

EQ:• What is the COLD WAR? • What was the postwar agreement following WW2?

1. Cold War Terms Chart2. Visual Handouts

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After Germany was defeated the U.S. and Soviet Union decided the peace for Europe

Yalta Conference – Feb. 1945 - The Big Three met to discuss postwar plans• They agree to create the United Nations• They agree to divide Germany into four

zones to be occupied by the U.S. Britain, France, and the Soviet Union

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After the Soviet Union invaded and Defeated Germany it maintained its military force and occupied Eastern European countries.

Why? – Stalin sought military security for his country, which had been invaded twice in 25 years by Germany and lost over 10 million people

He saw these nations as a buffer between the Soviet Union and Western Europe.

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Fearful of Soviet expansion in the Mediterranean. President Harry Truman issues the Truman Doctrine – Promised financial support from the U. S. to any country threatened by communism

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The ideological differences, and mistrust between the Soviet Union and the United States ushered in the Cold War

The Cold War – a period of intense political, military and ideological rivalry between the U.S. and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1989

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Brain Teaser – • Do they have a fourth of July in England?

Why or Why not? EQ:

• What was the U.S.’s strategy to deal with the spread of Communism?

• What were the Cold War alliances? 1.The Bi –Polar World Handout2.J.F.K. Documentary

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In 1948 Britain, France and the U.S. agreed to unify their zones into one country (Western Germany)

The Soviets opposed this by blockading West Berlin

They closed all roads and rivers to and from Berlin.

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The Berlin Airlift – Truman did not want to risk war so he ordered a massive airlift to supply Germans with food, medicine, clothing, and raw materials to Berlin.

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In 1949, after a long Civil War, a communist government takes control of China

Also, The Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949, changing the dynamics of the ideological struggle

The U.S. policy – Containment – limit the spread of Communism by financial and military aid to democratic countries in strategic locations

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NATO- (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) April of 1949• U.S. Great Britain, France, Canada, Belgium

Western Germany• Was Collective Security agreement – which says

that an armed attack against one or more of them shall be considered an attack against all of them.

Warsaw pact – Military alliance of the Soviet Union, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Albania, Bulgaria • Created in 1955 in response to NATO

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Do you believe in the Apocalypse? (destruction of the world)

• If so, Do you think that nuclear weapons will play a role in the end of the world?

EQ:• Why was the Berlin Wall built?• What was the result of the Korean War?• Why did the Cuban Missile Crisis almost cause a

nuclear war?1. Finish JFK movie2. History of Cuba Handout3. Khrushchev handout

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At the end of WW 2 North Korea was occupied by the USSR and it set up a communist gov’t.

So. Korea established an elected govt. and was supported by the US military who withdrew a year later

Fighting Begins:• June 1950 North Korea

invaded South Korea. UN approved the use

of force in Korea. 15 nations sends

troops to fights under Gen. Macarthur

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Macarthur in Command: the UN instructed him to limit the fighting to below the 38th parallel.

• Sept 1950 No. Korea controlled the entire peninsular except a small area around Pusan.

• MacArthur landed troops in Inchon – trapped No. troops – ½ surrendered and ½ fled

• UN gave MacArthur the authority to go above the 38th parallel.

• Followed/pushed the No. Korean troops up to the Yalu River near China

China felt threatened – sent in their troops Chinese and North Korean forces outnumbered UN forces and

drove them south past Seoul U.N. forces fight to push Chinese and Korean forces back above

the 38th parallel

Truman Fires MacArthur for not following his orders:

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The Conflict Ends: the war ended in 1953 when an armistice was signed reestablishing the border at the 38th parallel.• 54,000 US troops died• 5 million soldiers and civilians died• It has since been referred to as the Forgotten War

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Just as Germany was divided, its capital city Berlin was also divided into four occupation zones, but within the Soviet controlled eastern Germany

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During the 1950’s and early 60’s Eastern Germany (Communist) was losing its most qualified professionals (engineers, doctors, lawyers), who were migrating to Western Germany.

To stop the outflow of people, The Communists built a wall, which separated Berlin

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1959 Fidel Castro overthrew the dictator of Cuba. After he became the ruler of Cuba, he develops

ties with the USSR, which concerned Eisenhower. The CIA came up with a plan to train and arm

Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro.

The Bay of Pigs Invasion: • April 1961, 1,400 CIA trained, Cuban exiles went ashore

at the Bay of Pigs.• Exiles were captured within hours b/c the U.S. Airforce

and Navy gave them no support• The Result: It Damaged The U.S.’s and Kennedy’s public

image

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The Cuban Missile Crisis: October, 1962 United States’ U-2 spy planes took pictures of USSR missiles on Cuba.

They found medium and intermediate range missiles

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade – stop USSR from delivering any more missiles

U.S. was poised for war with B-52 bombers and submarines both with nuclear weapons

After thirteen days of tense negotiations the USSR offered to remove missiles if the US promised never to invade Cuba.

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“The world is full of willing people, some willing to work, others willing to let them”

• Robert Frost EQ:

• How are the Korean and Vietnam Wars alike? Different?

• Why do you think Kennedy was assassinated?

1. Space Race Handout2. Contemporary Western World Handout

(Timeline )3. Cold War Graphic Organizer

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November 1963 Kennedy was campaigning for reelection.

He was riding in a motorcade through Dallas Texas, when he was shot in the head by Lee Harvey Oswald.

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The Zapruder film shows the assassination…

More than one shooter?

Later that day when Oswald was being transported to another prison, he was shot by Jack Ruby.

Bobby Kennedy’s assassination

Various Conspiracies?

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The S. Vietnamese leader, Diem, was an unpopular and corrupt leader (He was French educated and a catholic ruling a largely Buddhist country.

Kennedy faced a dilemma, does he support Diem or allow S. Vietnam to fall to Communist.

President Johnson continued Kennedy’s policy after he took over, following Kennedy’s assassination.

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L.B. Johnson choose to actively enter the war and attack N. Vietnam.

Johnson ordered an escalation of the Conflict. U.S. forces began to target N. Vietnam and the Vietcong.

At the height of the conflict the U.S. had almost 500,000 troops in Vietnam, at the same time the American dead continued to rise 5,000 in 66, 9,400 in 67 and 14,500 in 68.

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Throughout the Cold War, both the U.S. and Soviet Union competed to build the most destructive weapons.

Including new forms of Nuclear and Thermonuclear weapons.

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The two countries also competed to best the other in conquering the Space domain

Important Events• 1957 Soviets launch first

Satellite - Sputnik• 1961 Soviet Cosmonaut

becomes the 1st person to orbit the earth

• 1968 U.S. Astronauts orbit the moon

• 1969 U.S. lands Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins on the moon

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Joseph McCarthy – senator from Wisconsin who accused several members of government and other celebrities of being Communist

Red Scare Mc McCarthyism

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“Resistance to tyrants is obedience to God”• Ben Franklin

EQ:• Why do you think the U.S. prevailed in the Cold War?• What is today’s legacy of the Cold War?• Why was the Fall of the Berlin Wall such an

important event? Berlin Journal Handout Gorbachev/ Dismantling the S.U. Handout Cold War Timeline

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15th August 1945 – Surrender of Japan (End of WWII)

March 1947 – Truman Doctrine outlined

June 1947 – ERP/Marshall Plan outlined

June 1948 – Berlin Blockade begins

May 1949 – Berlin Blockade ends

Sept. 1949 – NATO Treaty signed

June 1950 – Start of Korean War

July 1953 – US leave Korea April 1961 – Bay of Pigs

invasion

August 1961 – Berlin Wall built Oct. 1962 - Cuban Missile

Crisis 1965 – USA go to war in

Vietnam 1968 – Tet Offensive

- My Lai Massacre 1972 – SALT I

1973 – Ceasefire in Vietnam 1975 – Helsinki Accords 1979 – USSR invade

Afghanistan 1987 – Talks between Reagan

& Gorbachev begin.- Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty signed.

1989 – USSR begins to collapse- Berlin Wall comes down.

1991 – Soviet Union Collapses End of Cold War

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November 9th 1989 the wall was opened, allowing Berliners to travel freely throughout the city.

The wall was a symbol of the Cold War, so when thousands started destroying the wall, it signaled the end of the Soviet Union

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Why did the Soviet Union collapse?• Its defeat and retreat from Afghanistan• Domestic problems (economic troubles from

over spending, Communism and lack of freedom.)

• Soviet Republics began breaking free• In 1991 The Soviet Union officially dissolved

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Identify these people/ Terms• Détente• Perestroika• Mikhail Gorbachev• Boris Yeltsin

DQ: If the earth weighs six trillion tons and you build a stone wall around the equator weighing one trillion tons, what would be the weight of the earth with the wall?

Ch. 20 Test

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