1 Describing the World: Data Model Patterns Part Two: Metadata Essential Strategies, Inc. 13...

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Describing the World:Data Model Patterns

Part Two: Metadata

Essential Strategies, Inc.13 Hilshire Grove Lane, Houston, TX 77055 (713) 464-8316 dch@essentialstrategies.com www.essentialstrategies.com

Library of CongressDavid C. HayWashington, DCMarch 24, 2009

2Copyright © 2007 Essential Strategies, Inc.

Part Two: Metadata and Specializations

Abstraction Level 1: Metadata Information Resources Accounting

Metadata models are descriptions that can apply to the entire enterprise model or any part of it.

3Copyright © 2007 Essential Strategies, Inc.

Part Two: Metadata and Specializations

Abstraction Level 1: Metadata Information Resources Accounting

4Copyright © 2007 Essential Strategies, Inc.

1. Information Resources . . .

INFORMATION RESOURCE DEFINITION:

“Data Model Patterns…” (ISBN: 0-932633-29-3),

“U.S. Constitution”,

“Dch@essen... to rkh5donkey@yahoo.com”

etc.

INFORMATION RESOURCE INSTANCE:

“Data Model Patterns…” (copy 235),

“U.S. Constitution”, (Original in national Achives)

“Dch@essen... to rkh5donkey@yahoo.com” “(copy to rkh…)” “(copy to dch…)

etc.

MEDIUM:

“Book”,“Legal document”,“E-mail”,etc.

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Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records . . .

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Definitions . . .

Item - a physical object that has paper pages and a binding and can sometimes be used to prop open a door or hold up a table leg.

Manifestation – a “publication” as when we go to a bookstore to purchase a book. We may know its ISBN but the particular copy does not matter as long as it’s in good condition and not missing pages.

Expression - a particular text in a specific language.

Work - the conceptual content that underlies all of the linguistic versions, the storybeing told in the book, the ideas in a person’s head for the book.

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In the Hay version . . .

Work is represented by Information Resource Definition.

Item is represented by Information Resource Instance.

Manifestation is (sort of) encompassed in Information Resource Definition.

Expression is not adequately handled at all.

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You know the difference between a terrorist and a data modeler, of course . . .

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2. Information Resource Relationships . . .

INFORMATION RESOURCE RELATIONSHIP:

…STRUCTURE: “Data Model Patterns…” || “Chapter 3: The Enterprise”

…REFERENCE: “Data Model Patterns…” || “1. R.G. Ross, The Business rule Book”

etc.

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3. Business Terms . . .

CONCEPT:

“A willingness to lend money (by a bank)”

“A structure and associated elements for removing crude oil from the ground (by an oil company).”

etc.

EXPRESSION:

“Facility”

“Data Model”

“Site”

etc.

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Example of BUSINESS TERM . . .

Facility – “A willingness to lend money.” Facility – “A structure and associated

elements for removing crude oil from the ground.”

Site – “A structure and associated elements for removing crude oil from the ground.”

etc.

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4. Data Model as Concepts . . .

NOTE: Anything else in the model can be a MODELED CONCEPT, represented by one or more BUSINESS TERMS.

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The fundamental problem . . .

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The fundamental problem . . .

Items (Information Resource Definitions) are physical resources, like any other Physical Asset, to be inventoried and managed like any other.

Works (Information Resource Instances) may in fact be related to any other entity class in the model.

The many-to-many relationships hide a much more complex world than it appears.

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INFORMATION RESOURCE DEFINITION# GLOBAL IDENTIFIER* TITLE* DESCRI[PTION* PUBLICATION DATE

INFORMATION RESOURCEINSTANCE# SEQUENCE NUMBER* CREATION DATE* DESCRIPTION

MEDIUM# NAME* DESCRIPTION

INFORMATION RESOURCERELATIONSHIP# EFFECTIVE DATEo UNTIL DATE

BUSINESS TERM

EXPRESSION# ID

CONCEPT# DEFAULT NAME* DESCRIPTIONEXPRESSION

STRUCTURE# SEQUENCE NUMBER

INFORMATION RESOURCE ELEMENT

MODELED CONCEPT

INFORMATIONSTRUCTURE

ELECTRONICCOPY

DOCUMENT

OTHERCONCEPT

INFORMATIONREFERENCE

PHYSICALCOPY

IMAGE

WORD...

OTHER INFORMATION RESOURCE DEFINITION

PHRASE...

SENTENCE...

INFORMATIONRESOURCECONTENT

PROPOSITIONTYPE

INFORMATIONRESOURCE TOPICASSIGNMENT

OTHERINFORMATIONRESOURCEELEMENT

INFORMATIONRESOURCEDESCRIPTION

STILLIMAGE

ATTRIBUTE

MOVINGIMAGE

RELATIONSHIPEND

ENTITYCLASS

stored in

storage for

an example of

embodied in

to

on theotherside of

from

on oneside of

the use in

composed of

the use of

part of

to represent

represented by

the use of

used as

part of

composedof

the use of

used as

part of composed of

part of

composedof

connection for

connected via

connectionfor

connectedvia

5. Descriptions and Topics . . .

An INFORMATION RE- SOURCE TOPIC ASSIG- NMENT is a “tag” that categorizes the INFOR-MATION RESOURCE CONTENT.

An INFORMATION RE-SOURCE DESCRIPTION of a DOCUMENT is the metadata (such as “title”, “ISBN”, etc.) that describe the information resource.

INFORMATION RE- SOURCE CONTENT is the text that constitutes the resource

NOTE: An INFORMATION RESOURCE may be “about” any other ENTITY, ATTRIBUTE, or RELATIONSHIP in the enterprise data model.

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6. Distributions . . .DISTRIBUTION:

“Dch@essen... to rkh5donkey@ yahoo.com copy to rkh”

“Dch@essen... to rkh5donkey@yahoo.com” copy to dch”

etc.

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About people . . .

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What about . . . ?

“is edited by” “is illustrated by” “is sold by” Etc.

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7. Information Resource Roles . . .

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8. Disposition Rules . . .

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9. Actual Dispositions . . .

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Part Two: Metadata and Specializations

Abstraction Level 1: Metadata Documents Accounting

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I know . . .

Everybody (ok, nearly everyone) hates accounting.

It is truly mysterious. And the source of great shenanigans. I always thought so. Until I discovered something . . .

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The two interesting things about bookkeeping . . .

It is the only word in the English language that contains three sets of double letters next to each other.

It is itself a modeling language. It describes the organization in a formal way. Luca Pacioli, a monk and collaborator of Leonardo da Vinci, first codified the

system in a mathematics textbook of 1494. Assignment: Invent a way to “model” the assets of the church. Oh, and we don’t recognize the existence of negative numbers.

So, let’s learn how to keep the books…

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About Accounts

An account is a name for a collection of financial quantities Asset Account – the amount of money or items of value

held by the organization. Liability Account – of the amount of Assets, that

amount which was loaned by someone outside the organization.

Equity Account – of the amount of Assets, that amount which is owned by the organization.

Business Rule: The total value of all Asset Account BALANCES must equal

- the total value of all Liability Account BALANCES plus

- the total value of all Equity Account BALANCES.

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1. Accounts . . .

In the Federal Government, an ACCOUNT is called a “Fiscal Strip”, an ACCOUNT TYPE is a “Budget Order Class”, and a COST CENTER is called a “Budget Line Item”.

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2. Account Structures and Categories . . .

Business Rule:

An ACCOUNT may only be part of a single ACCOUNT STRUCTURE in a particular ROLL-UP SCHEME.

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Some Accounting Business Rules . . .

To maintain the equivalence cited above, every transaction must: Add to an ASSET ACCOUNT and subtract from an ASSET

ACCOUNT, or Add to an ASSET ACCOUNT and add to a LIABILITY

ACCOUNT or an EQUITY ACCOUNT, or Subtract from an ASSET ACCOUNT and subtract from

an EQUITY ACCOUNT.

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Some Accounting Business Rules (cont.) . . .

To do this, it must consist of: A DEBIT, which either

adds to an ASSET ACCOUNT, <or>

subtracts from a LIABILITY ACCOUNT, <or>

subtracts from an EQUITY ACCOUNT, <and>

A CREDIT, which either subtracts from an ASSET

ACCOUNT, <or> adds to a LIABILITY ACCOUNT,

<or> adds to an EQUITY ACCOUNT.

Each new BALANCE, then, is created by adding or subtracting from the previous balance according to these rules.

Asset Liabil-ity

Equity

plusdebit

plusdebit

plusdebit

minuscredit

minuscredit

minuscredit

pluscredit

pluscredit

minusdebit

minusdebit

minusdebit

minusdebit

pluscredit

pluscreditcredit

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3. Accounting Transactions . . .

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For example . . .

1000

6560

6060

Credit AccountBalance

1524500Cash(Asset)

+

Accounts Receivable

(Asset)-

Payment Receipt

1500500Accounts Receivable

(Asset)+

Revenue(Equity)

+

Invoice

1024430Cash(Asset)

+

Revenue(Equity)

+

CashSale

DebitAccountBalance

TransactionValue

AccountDebited

Account Credited

Accounting Transaction

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4. Accounting Rule Entries . . .

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For Example . . .

_Accounts Receivable (Asset)

+Cash on hand (Asset)

Payment Received

+Revenue

(Equity

+Accounts Receivable (Asset)

Invoice

-Cash on Hand (Asset)

_Accounts Payable (Liability)

Payment Made

+Accounts Payable (Liability)

+Inventory (Asset)

Purchase

+/-Credit rule account

+/-Debit rule account

Accounting transaction type

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5. Accounting Cost Center Links . . .

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ACCOUNT# ACCOUNT NUMBER* DESCRIPTION

ACCOUNTTYPE# NAME* DESCRIPTION

COST CENTER# NAME* DESCRIPTION

PARTY

# GLOBAL IDENTIFIER

ACTIVITY INSTANCE# SEQUENCE NUMBER* DESCRIPTION* CREATION DATEo DESTRUCTION DATEo (TOTAL LABOR COST)o (TOTAL MATERIAL COST)

PROJECT# GLOBAL IDENTIFIER* NAME* PURPOSE...

PHYSICAL ASSETINSTANCE# SEQUENCE NUMBER* NAME* DESCRIPTION* CREATION DATEo DESTRUCTION DATE

SITE

COST CENTER ASSIGNMENT# IDENTIFIER* EFFECTIVE DATEo UNTIL DATE

PARTY PLACEMENT# EFFECTIVE DATEo UNTIL DATE

ACTIVITY ROLETYPE# NAME* DESCRIPTION

DISCRETE ITEM* SERIAL NUMBER

EQUITY ACCOUNT

FACILITY# GLOBAL IDENTIFIER* (STREET ADDRESS)* (CITY NAME)* (STATE NAME)* (POSTAL CODE)* (COUNTRY NAME)

LIABILITYACCOUNT

ORGANIZATION

* DESCRIPTION

INVENTORY* QUANTITY

ASSETACCOUNT

EXPENSEACCOUNT

OTHER EQUITY ACCOUNT

INTERNALORGANIZATION

REVENUEACCOUNT

an example of

embodied in

part of

composed of

part of

composed of

of

subject to

of

subject to

of

subject to

of

subjectto

of

subject to

in

the location of located via

of

of

subject to

to

the object of

of

subject to

More Accounting Cost Center Links . . .

??

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ACCOUNT# ACCOUNT NUMBER* DESCRIPTION

ACCOUNT TYPE# NAME* DESCRIPTION

BALANCE# SEQUENCE NUMBER* BALANCE VALUE* BALANCE EFFECTIVE DATE

ACCOUNT ROLLUP STRUCTURE# SEQUENCE NUMBER* EFFECTIVE DATEo UNTIL DATE

ACCOUNTING ENTRY# SEQUENCE NUMBER* ENTRY VALUE

ACCOUNTING TRANSACTION# TRANSACTION NUMBER* DATEo PURPOSE

COST CENTER# NAME* DESCRIPTION

ROLL-UPSCHEME# NAME* DESCRIPTION

PHYSICAL ASSET MOVEMENT* BEGINNING DATE/TIMEo ENDING DATE/TIME

ACTIVITY ROLE# IDENTIFIER* DESCRIPTION* EFFECTIVE DATEo UNTIL DATE

OTHERPHYSICALASSETMOVEMENT

ACTUALCONSUMPTION* NUMBER OF UNITS* QUANTITY USEDo (TOTAL COST)

LIABILITYACCOUNT

CREDITENTRY

ACTUALUTILIZATION* HOURS USED* (TOTAL VALUE OF USAGE)

EQUITY ACCOUNTDEBITENTRY

DELIVERY* QUANTITY DELIVERED

ASSETACCOUNT

PROJECTEDBALANCE* PROJECTION DATE

ACTUAL BALANCE

DIRECT ACTION* HOURS WORKEDo (LABOR VALUE)

OTHER EQUITY ACCOUNT

PRODUCTCOMPLETION

REVENUEACCOUNT

SHIPMENT

EXPENSEACCOUNT

RECEIPT

TRANSFER ADJUSTMENT* ADDITION INDICATOR

the use of

part of

the use in

composed of

part of

composed of

part of

composed of

to create

created by

based onthe basisfor

on

evaluatedvia

an example of

embodied in

part of

composed of

composed of

partof

based on

the basis for

the basis for

based on

6. Transaction Product Cost Links . . .

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Questions?