1 Electronic Atlas for All Marine Species Rainer Froese IFM-GEOMAR rfroese@ifm-geomar.de

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Electronic Atlas for All Marine Species

Rainer Froese

IFM-GEOMAR

rfroese@ifm-geomar.de

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Rainer’s Project

Ambitious goals:

Create an online Atlas with standardized maps for eventually all marine species– Maps for 100,000 species– 3-D maps (with depth)– Before-After maps– Seasonal maps– Predictive maps

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Rainer’s ProjectAssumptions:• Algorithms and partners available (BiOSC,

WhyWhere, Lifemapper)• Enough point data available (OBIS)• Suitable ‘future ocean’ data available

Reality check:• LifeMapper stopped mapping, GARP-maps not

reproducible, can not be edited• Not enough points in OBIS

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Point Data in OBIS

• 13.7 million records for 80,000 species

• Only ~ 22,000 species with > 10 points(11/2007)

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Rainer’s ProjectAssumptions:• Algorithms and partners available (BiOSC,

WhyWhere, Lifemapper)• Enough point data available (OBIS)• Suitable ‘future ocean’ data availableReality check:• LifeMapper stopped mapping, GARP-maps not

reproducible, can not be edited• OBIS has points (>10) for only 22,000 species• ‘Future ocean’ data problematic (modeling of

primary production unsatisfactory)• So???

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Actions• More money: INCOFISH WP Biomapping (0.5 M$,

Sven Kullander, Jonathan Ready)• More support: FishBase (Kathy Reyes), SealifeBase

(M.D.L. Palomares), CSIRO (Tony Rees), SAUP (Kristin Kaschner, Reg Watson), Hexacorals (Daphne Fautin)

• Three workshops to develop, test and implement a suitable algorithm

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Environmental envelope type modeling approach

Predictor

Species-specific environmental envelope PMax

Rel

ativ

e pr

obab

ility

of

occu

rren

ce

Preferred min

Preferred max

Min Max

Physical• bathymetry• sea temperature• salinity• ice concentration

Biological• primary production

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Depth range

Pelagic (No)

FAO areas

Bounding box coordinates

occurrence points (minimum of 10)

OBIS – Ocean Biogeographic Information System (www.iobis,org)

GBIF – Global Biodiversity Information Facility (www.gbif.org)

Species and online point databases are primary sources of key minimum input data.

Grey triggerfishBalistes capriscus Gmelin, 1789

Getting Minimum InformationGetting Minimum Information

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• Occurrence points within bounding box or known FAO areas

Bounding box or FAO area limits serve as independent verification of the validity of occurrence records.

Selecting “Good Point Data”Selecting “Good Point Data”

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Global grid of 259,200 half degree cells

Good cells are used to derive the range of environmental parameters within the species’ native range.

Extracting Environmental ParametersExtracting Environmental Parameters

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• depth from the literature• range minima and maxima are derived from “good cells”• preferred min = 10th percentile; preferred max = 90th percentile

The environmental envelopes describe tolerances of a species with respect to each environmental parameter.

Building Environmental EnvelopesBuilding Environmental Envelopes

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Predictor

Preferred min

Preferred max

Min Max

PMaxR

elat

ive

prob

abili

ty

of o

ccur

renc

e

PPc c = P= Pbathymetrybathymetrycc x x PPtemperaturetemperaturec c x x PPsalinitysalinitycc x x PPPPPPcc xx PPIceConcIceConccc

The overall probability of species occurrence for a given cell is the product of the probabilities under the different environmental parameters.

Predicting Probability of OccurrencePredicting Probability of Occurrence

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Plotting Species AquaMapsPlotting Species AquaMaps

Predictions document large-scale and long-term presence of a species. They cannot be assumed to precisely represent local occurrence of a species on a specific day of a specific year.

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Actions• More money: INCOFISH WP Biomapping (0.5 M$,

Sven Kullander, Johnathan Ready)• More support: FishBase (Kathy Reyes), SealifeBase

(M.D.L. Palomares), CSIRO (Tony Rees), SAUP (Kristin

Kaschner), Hexacorals (Daphne Fautin) • Three workshops to develop, test and implement

a suitable algorithm• More data: ZIN collection, Gazetteer (Nina

Bogutskaya)

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St. Petersburg Fish Collection30,000 records with 15,000 coordinates from Russia

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Gazetteer of Type Localities 7,000 coordinates from W. Eschmeyer’sCatalogue of fishes

20,000 coordinates added by ZIN

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Actions• More money: INCOFISH WP Biomapping (0.5 M$,

Sven Kullander, Johnathan Ready)• More support: FishBase (Kathy Reyes), SealifeBase

(M.D.L. Palomares), CSIRO (Tony Rees), SAUP (Kristin Kaschner), Hexacorals (Daphne Fautin)

• Three workshops to develop, test and implement a suitable algorithm

• More data: ZIN collection, Gazetteer (Nina Bogutskaya)

• Design map interface, start mapping Internet Example

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www.aquamaps.org

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Whale Shark

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Latimeria chalumnae

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Blackfin Spiderfish (deep sea)

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Porbeagle (Lamna nasus)

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Actions• More money: INCOFISH WP Biomapping (0.5 M$, Sven

Kullander, Johnathan Ready)• More support: FishBase (Kathy Reyes), SealifeBase (M.D.L.

Palomares), CSIRO (Tony Rees), SAUP (Kristin Kaschner),

Hexacorals (Daphne Fautin) • Three workshops to develop, test and implement a

suitable algorithm• More data: ZIN collection, Gazetteer (Nina Bogutskaya)

• Design map interface Internet Example• Start mass-production of maps• Do cross-species maps

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Species Richness of 7,237 Species (of 230,000)

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Species Richness of Sharks & Rays

Including 437 maps of altogether 968 sharks & rays (45%)

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Species Richness Merlucciidae

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Mean Trophic Level of Merlucciidae

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Atlantic Deep Lobster

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Seasonal distribution of Mola mola

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Before – After Map

32Foto R. Freitas

Modelled effects of climate change from 2000 to 2050 on the suitable habitat for Bogue (Boops boops)

Move north!

Predictive Map by Jonathan Ready

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Next Steps

• Involve OBIS (CoML), GBIF, EoL – 10-12 December 2007 4th Mapping workshop in Kiel,

on mass-production of maps

• Find more funding – European SpeciesBase initiative

• Write 10,000 Maps paper in 2007• Go freshwater

– NRM Stockholm

• Go terrestrial– SMNS Stuttgart

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Thanks to thePew Fellows Program

for making this possible