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Motherboard Form FactorsMotherboard Form Factors
AT-TypeAT-Type
Baby or Mini ATBaby or Mini AT
ATX-TypeATX-Type
Proprietary DesignsProprietary Designs
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Some motherboards are designed Some motherboards are designed for the original Pentium Processorfor the original Pentium Processor
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Voltages supplied to the Voltages supplied to the motherboardmotherboard
+ 5 Volts+ 5 Volts
- 5 Volts- 5 Volts
+ 12 Volts+ 12 Volts
- 12 Volts- 12 Volts
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Industry Standard Architecture Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Bus.(ISA) Bus.
8-MHz Speed8-MHz Speed
Supports 8-bit and 16-bit data transferSupports 8-bit and 16-bit data transfer
Used for slow speed operations such as Used for slow speed operations such as modems and sound cards.modems and sound cards.
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Peripheral Component Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) BusInterconnect (PCI) Bus
33 MHz33 MHz
Handles 32-bit and 64-bit data transfersHandles 32-bit and 64-bit data transfers
Processor independentProcessor independent
Supports Plug and PlaySupports Plug and Play
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The Chip SetThe Chip Set
The support chips that make the The support chips that make the microprocessor a microcomputer.microprocessor a microcomputer.
Applications Specific Integrated Circuits Applications Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) that provide the signals, (ASICs) that provide the signals, controllers, interfaces and buffers that the controllers, interfaces and buffers that the system needs to operate.system needs to operate.
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Main functions of the ChipsetMain functions of the Chipset
A System Controller handles timing, A System Controller handles timing, interrupt and DMA control, and power interrupt and DMA control, and power management.management.
A Memory Controller provides A Memory Controller provides interconnection and control of memory interconnection and control of memory systems.systems.
A Peripheral Controller connects the MPU A Peripheral Controller connects the MPU to internal and external devices such as disk to internal and external devices such as disk drives, buses, and peripherals.drives, buses, and peripherals.
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Super I\O ControllerSuper I\O Controller
Interface to the floppy drive.Interface to the floppy drive.
Interface to serial ports.Interface to serial ports.
Interface to parallel ports.Interface to parallel ports.
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Keyboard ControllerKeyboard Controller
Communicates with the microprocessor in Communicates with the microprocessor in the keyboard.the keyboard.
Performs a parity check.Performs a parity check.
Converts serial data from the keyboard into Converts serial data from the keyboard into the parallel data needed by the computer.the parallel data needed by the computer.
Generates an interrupt to alert the system Generates an interrupt to alert the system that a key has been depressed.that a key has been depressed.
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The Real Time Clock (RTC) The Real Time Clock (RTC) contains:contains:
ClockClock
CMOS memoryCMOS memory
And in some cases the battery.And in some cases the battery.
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The FRUs on the Motherboard The FRUs on the Motherboard include:include:
The MPUThe MPU
Any board plugged into the PCI bus.Any board plugged into the PCI bus.
Any board plugged into the ISA bus.Any board plugged into the ISA bus.
The SIMMsThe SIMMs
The ROM BIOSThe ROM BIOS
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Power Supply Output VoltagesPower Supply Output VoltagesATX-TypeATX-Type
+5 Volts+5 Volts
+12 Volts+12 Volts
-12 Volts-12 Volts
-5 Volts-5 Volts
+3.3 Volts+3.3 Volts
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Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)
Operates at twice the speed of the PCI bus Operates at twice the speed of the PCI bus or at 66MHz.or at 66MHz.
Even higher speed versions are being Even higher speed versions are being developed.developed.
Presently used only by Video Cards Presently used only by Video Cards
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Dual In-line Memory Modules (DIMMs)Dual In-line Memory Modules (DIMMs)have components and pin have components and pin
connections on both sides of board.connections on both sides of board.
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