1 Immigration and Urbanization The Gilded Age. 2 Lower East Side Tenement The first multiple...

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Immigration and Urbanization

Immigration and Urbanization

The Gilded AgeThe Gilded Age

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Lower East Side TenementLower East Side Tenement• The first multiple dwellings were

the tenements that were built largely for poor immigrants.

• In the 1860’s and 70’s, hundreds of tenements were built, primarily on the Lower East Side of New York City, as more and more poor immigrants arrived.

• Originally, there were little laws governing tenement construction, and most were filthy, crowded and lacked electricity and running water.

• Conditions were absolutely horrible.

• The first multiple dwellings were the tenements that were built largely for poor immigrants.

• In the 1860’s and 70’s, hundreds of tenements were built, primarily on the Lower East Side of New York City, as more and more poor immigrants arrived.

• Originally, there were little laws governing tenement construction, and most were filthy, crowded and lacked electricity and running water.

• Conditions were absolutely horrible.

Source: Andrew Dolkart, Tenements: The First Multiple Dwellings.

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Tenement Floor planTenement Floor plan

• Tenements were overcrowded, unsanitary, and often lacked heat, electricity, water and proper sewage.

• This picture is a floor plan of a typical dumbbell tenement built to house working-class families.

• Tenements were overcrowded, unsanitary, and often lacked heat, electricity, water and proper sewage.

• This picture is a floor plan of a typical dumbbell tenement built to house working-class families.

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Drawing of a Tenement from

Jacob Riis

Drawing of a Tenement from

Jacob Riis

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A Tale of Two-HalvesA Tale of Two-Halves

• During the Gilded Age, the wealthy entrepreneurs and the middle-class managers formed one-half of society, while the working-poor made up the other half.

• The rich lived lavish lifestyles in beautiful, spacious homes.

• Immigrants families faced harsh realities: long hours, low pay, and unsanitary and crowded living conditions.

• During the Gilded Age, the wealthy entrepreneurs and the middle-class managers formed one-half of society, while the working-poor made up the other half.

• The rich lived lavish lifestyles in beautiful, spacious homes.

• Immigrants families faced harsh realities: long hours, low pay, and unsanitary and crowded living conditions.

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Jacob RiisJacob Riis

• During the Gilded Age photography was used as a method of documentation and a tool for social reform.

• Jacob Riis attempted to capture the realities of 19th Century America for the “other half” by photographing how much of New York City lived during the Gilded Age.

• During the Gilded Age photography was used as a method of documentation and a tool for social reform.

• Jacob Riis attempted to capture the realities of 19th Century America for the “other half” by photographing how much of New York City lived during the Gilded Age.

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Jacob Riis Continued…Jacob Riis Continued…

• Jacob Riis was trying to show the world a problem and convince people to work together to find a solution.

• We will now view pictures from How the Other Half Lives.

• Jacob Riis was trying to show the world a problem and convince people to work together to find a solution.

• We will now view pictures from How the Other Half Lives.

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Mulberry Bend: the notorious home of TenementsMulberry Bend: the notorious home of Tenements

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Room in a Tenement HouseRoom in a Tenement House

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Bottle Alley, Mulberry RoadBottle Alley, Mulberry Road

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Typical Tenement Fire Escape Serving as an extension of the flatTypical Tenement Fire Escape Serving as an extension of the flat

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Jersey Street TenementsJersey Street Tenements

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Tenement-House YardTenement-House Yard

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In the home of an Italian Rag-Picker on Jersey Street

In the home of an Italian Rag-Picker on Jersey Street

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A girl and baby sister, on their doorstepA girl and baby sister, on their doorstep

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An old rear Tenement on Roosevelt StreetAn old rear Tenement on Roosevelt Street

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Old Barney in Cat AlleyOld Barney in Cat Alley

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Girl of the TenementGirl of the Tenement

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Family making artificial flowers in their TenementFamily making artificial flowers in their Tenement

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Fighting Tuberculosis on the RoofFighting Tuberculosis on the Roof

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Bottle Alley, Mulberry BendBottle Alley, Mulberry Bend

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In poverty Gap: West 28 Street: an English coal-heaver’s homeIn poverty Gap: West 28 Street: an English coal-heaver’s home

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“Didn’t Live Nowhere”“Didn’t Live Nowhere”

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A Man slept in this cellar for Four YearsA Man slept in this cellar for Four Years

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Sewing and Starving in an Elizabeth Street Attic

Sewing and Starving in an Elizabeth Street Attic

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A flat in the pauper barracks with all its furniture

A flat in the pauper barracks with all its furniture

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Under the Dump at Rivington Street, 1890Under the Dump at Rivington Street, 1890

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Street Children in Night QuartersStreet Children in Night Quarters

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Tenement on West 47 Street, 1890Tenement on West 47 Street, 1890

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Old Mrs. Benoir in her Hudson Street attic

Old Mrs. Benoir in her Hudson Street attic

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Lodgers in a crowded Bayard Street TenementLodgers in a crowded Bayard Street Tenement

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Immigrant worker in a Coal Cellar Tenement, Ludlow StreetImmigrant worker in a Coal Cellar Tenement, Ludlow Street

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Old Immigrant House on Bleecker Street

Old Immigrant House on Bleecker Street

All pictures from Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives, restored version

Retrieved online from www.authentichistory.com/postvicilwar/riis/contents.