1 New Rule for Steel Erection WAC 296-155-701 through -724 The Standard On the web GO

New Rule for Steel New Rule for Steel ErectionErection

WAC 296-155-701 through -724

The Standard

On the web GO

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Why the new rules??Why the new rules??

•OSHA studies of 673 fatalities among ironworkers highlighted common hazards

•Deaths were largely preventable by engineering & regulatory changes

= Outline= Outline-703 - Site layout, site specific erection plan & construction sequence

-704 - Hoisting & rigging-706 - Structural steel assembly details-707 - Column anchorage-708 - Beams & columns-709 - Open web steel joists-711 - Systems engineered metal buildings-714 - Falling object protection-716 - Fall protection-717 - Training

Site layout, site-specific erection Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequenceplan & construction sequence

•Controlling contractor must provide written notification that concrete has attained

– 75% of design strength, or– Sufficient strength to

support the loads

•Controlling contractor must ensure that adequate access roads are provided and maintained

Controlling contractor must ensure that a suitable space is provided for

–storage of materials and–safe operation of hoisting operations

All hoisting operations must be preplanned to ensure all “working under loads” requirements are met

•A site-specific erection plan may be developed to provide alternate means to protect employees

•Appendix A contains guidelines

Example

“Steel erection must be done under the supervision of a competent person who is present at the worksite.”

Next Section

Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging

•The new section (WAC 296-155-704) and

•WAC 296-155-525 & -526

Both apply to hoisting and rigging

Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging Crane preshift visual inspection Crane preshift visual inspection

must be visually inspected by a competent person

•rule gives inspection minimums•deficiencies must be evaluated immediately

•equipment posing a hazard must be placed out of service

•operator has authority to stop and refuse any loads until safety is assured

Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and

Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging•A qualified rigger must inspect the rigging prior to each shift

Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading

Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging Working under loadsWorking under loads

Routes for suspended loads must be preplanned to avoid endangering workers

Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging When working under loadsWhen working under loads

•materials must be rigged to prevent unintentional displacement

•hooks must have self-closing safety latches or equivalent

•all loads must be rigged by a qualified rigger

Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedureMultiple lift rigging procedure

only when:– a multiple lift rigging

assembly is used– specifically within

manufacturer’s specifications & limitations

– maximum of 5 members hoisted per lift

– only beams & similar structural members are lifted

– only trained employees involved

– Bundles of decking are NOT appropriate for multiple lift.

– Even though metal decking meets the definition of structural members

•Components of the multiple lift rigging assembly must be specifically designed and assembled with a maximum capacity for total assembly and for each individual attachment point.

•Based on manufacturer’s specifications with a 5 to 1 safety factor on all components

Total load must not exceed•rated capacity as specified in the hoisting equipment load charts and

•rigging capacity specified in the rigging-rating charts

Controlled load lowering must be used whenever the load is over the connectors

Next Section

Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyStructural stability maintained at all times Structural stability maintained at all times

during the erection processduring the erection process

Multistory structures have permanent floors installed as the erection of structural members progresses

•Within 8 floors of the concrete, or

Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyStructural stability maintained at all times Structural stability maintained at all times

during the erection processduring the erection process

Multistory structures have permanent floors installed as the erection of structural members progresses

•Within 8 floors of the concrete, or

•no more than 4 floors (or 48’) of unfinished bolting or welding above secured floor

Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyWalking/working surfacesWalking/working surfaces

Elimination of tripping hazards:

•no shear connectors or other similar devices …until after walking/working surface has been installed.

Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyPlumbing upPlumbing up

When deemed necessary by a competent person: Plumbing up equipment must be installed in conjunction with the steel erection process to ensure stability of the structure. Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers

•When necessary, plumbing up equipment must be in place and properly installed before the structure is loaded with construction material

•Plumbing up equipment must be removed only with the approval of a competent

person

Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyMetal deckingMetal decking

Hoisting, landing & placing of metal decking bundles

– provisions to prevent “displacement” of decking during handling/storage

Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund.

•Roof & floor holes and openings Must be installed as described:

Para 706(4)(b)

•Covering roof and floor openings

Decking gaps around columns

where there are gaps between columns, the “falling objects hazards” must be eliminated

During installation, metal decking must be laid tightly & immediately secured to prevent movement

During installation, metal decking panels must be placed to ensure full support by structural members

Derrick floors must be fully decked or planked & connections completed

Temporary loads placed on derrick floors must be distributed over the underlying support to prevent local overloading

Next Section

Column anchorageColumn anchorage

Insufficient column anchorage is a

primary cause of column failure and a large contributor to fatalities among

ironworkers!Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship

Column anchorageColumn anchorageErection Stability Erection Stability

All columns must be anchored by a minimum of four anchor bolts

all anchor rod assemblies must meet strength criteria listed in the rule

Columns must be

•set on level, finished floors

•pregrouted leveling plates

•leveling nuts, or

•shim packsPhoto courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship

All columns must be evaluated by a competent person to determine if guying or bracing is needed.

If guying or bracing is needed, it must be installed

Anchor rods/bolts must not be repaired, replaced or field modified without approval of the project structural engineer of record

Column anchorageColumn anchorageAnchor rods (bolts) Anchor rods (bolts)

Controlling contractor must provide written notification to the steel erector if there has been any repair, replacement or modification of the anchor rods/bolts

Column anchorageColumn anchorageAnchor rods (bolts)Anchor rods (bolts)

Next Section

Beams & ColumnsBeams & ColumnsFinal placing of solid web structural Final placing of solid web structural

membersmembers

The load must not be released until members are secured with at least 2 bolts per connection

Bolts must beSame size and strength shown in the

erection drawings

Drawn up wrench tight, or equivalent specified

membersmembers

A competent person must determine if more than 2 bolts are needed

membersmembers

Beams & ColumnsBeams & ColumnsDiagonal bracingDiagonal bracing

Solid web structural members used as diagonal bracing must be secured by at least one bolt per connection

Wrench tight or equivalent

Beams & ColumnsBeams & ColumnsDouble connections at columns and/orDouble connections at columns and/or

beam webs over a columnbeam webs over a column

When making connections sharing common connection holes, at least one bolt with its wrench-tight nut must remain connected to the first member Diagram

Exception

Beams & ColumnsBeams & ColumnsColumn splicesColumn splices

Each column splice must be designed to resist a minimum eccentric gravity load of 300#

Beams & ColumnsBeams & ColumnsPerimeter columnsPerimeter columns

Must extend a minimum of 48” above the finished floor to permit installation of perimeter safety cables prior to erection of the next tier

Beams & ColumnsBeams & ColumnsPerimeter columnsPerimeter columns

Must have holes or other devices for attaching perimeter cables

Next Section

Open Web Steel JoistsOpen Web Steel Joists

“Open web steel joists must be secured before releasing the load.”

Open Web Steel JoistsOpen Web Steel JoistsLanding and placing loadsLanding and placing loads

No bundle of decking may be placed on steel joists until all bridging has been installed and anchored and all joist bearing ends attached,

UNLESSUNLESS

Systems-Engineered Metal Systems-Engineered Metal BuildingsBuildings

“Package Building”“Package Building”

Before releasing hoisting equipment:

•Columns– minimum 4 bolts at base

•Rigid frames– 50% of the bolts– or as specified by manufacturer TOC

Next Section

Falling Object ProtectionFalling Object Protection

All materials, equipment, & tools which are not in use while aloft must be secured against accidental displacement

Falling Object ProtectionFalling Object Protection

The controlling contractor must bar other construction processes from below steel erection unless overhead protection for the employees below is provided

Next Section

Fall ProtectionFall Protection

•Must be in accordance with WAC 296-155,

– Part C-1 &

– Part K

Next Section

TrainingTraining

•Fall hazard training

•Special training in multiple lift rigging procedure

• Photos courtesy of Pacific Northwest Ironworkers and Employers Apprenticeship and Training Committee -86

• Very special thanks to Douglas Smith and Kevin McGee

• And thanks also to Jerry Rowland, Corona Steel and Ironworkers Local #86

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-703 - Site layout, site specific erection plan & construction sequence

-704 - Hoisting & rigging-706 - Structural steel assembly details-707 - Column anchorage-708 - Beams & columns-709 - Open web steel joists-711 - Systems engineered metal buildings-714 - Falling object protection-716 - Fall protection-717 - Training

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1 New Rule for Steel Erection WAC 296-155-701 through -724 The Standard On the web GO

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