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The Writing Process
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Quote from Joseph Pulitzeron Technical Writing
“Put it before them briefly sothey will read it, clearly so
they will appreciate it,picturesquely so they will
remember it, and above all,accurately so they will be
guided by its light. “
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Why do you need a writing process?
It can help writers to
organize their thoughts.
avoid frustration.
use their time productively and efficiently.
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Pre Writing Re WritingWriting
The Writing Process
Pre Writing Writing
Pre Writing
Prepare to Write !
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Pre Writing Examine your purpose Determine your goals Consider your audience Gather your data Determine how the content will be
provided
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Examine your purpose Why are you communicating ?
External Motivation If someone asks you to write
Internal Motivation If you write on your own
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Pre Writing Examine your purpose Determine your goals Consider your audience Gather your data Determine how the content will be
provided
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Determine your Goals What is your reason for communicating?
Persuade an audience Instruct an audience Inform an audience of facts, concerns, or
questions Build trust by managing work relationships.
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Pre Writing Examine your purpose Determine your goals Consider your audience Gather your data Determine how the content will be
provided
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Consider your audience What type of audience are you addressing
in your communication? Management Sub ordinates Co workers Customer Multi cultural group of individuals
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Pre Writing Examine your purpose Determine your goals Consider your audience Gather your data Determine how the content will be
provided
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Gather your data Decide what you have to say
Brainstorming/Listing Mind Mapping Answering the reporters questions Researching Outlining Organizational Charts
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Brainstorming / Listing
All ideas are respected and recorded, no matter how wild.
Write down everything that comes to your mind; don’t worry about sorting out “good” and “bad” ideas.
Don’t worry about spelling or grammar.
E.g What can you do if you win one million dollars today?
Brainstorming
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Mapping “Mapping,” sometimes called “semantic/
idea mapping” or “webbing,” is another way to organize your ideas.
Start with your topic in the center, and branch out from there with related ideas.
Use words and phrases, not complete sentences.
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Example Map
My future
family
Raise healthy, happy children
Stay close to my in laws
Make them a priority
education
work
Eventually get a PhD
Never stop learning
Instill a love of education in my children
Learn to love whatever work I am doing
Use the skills I have learned in as many ways as possible
Stay at home while raising children
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Answering the Reporter’s Questions To use questioning at its best, try projecting
yourself into the role of a reporter.
What questions could you ask to elicit information from other people?
The traditional “five W’s and H” can be expanded to full-fledged questions. Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?
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Doing Research Using search engines Literature and Magazines Conducting interviews Libraries
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Outlining “Outlining” is a more
organized form of pre-writing than the others we discussed.
When you start placing ideas in order, you are beginning a scratch outline.
It can be used after you have generated ideas through brainstorming or other pre-writing techniques.
It works well for structured types of writing such as essays, thesis and reports.
OUTLINE
I. IntroductionA. Grab attentionB. State thesis
II. BodyA. Build pointsB. Develop ideasC. Support main claim
III. ConclusionA. Reemphasize main idea
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Example OutlineI. Introduction: Internet chatting has
advantages and disadvantages.II. Advantages
a) meet people around the worldb) not based on appearance
III. Disadvantagesa) can you trust them?b) may be too far away to meet in person
IV. Conclusion: Some success stories, but too risky
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Charting Charting works very well for comparison/ contrast
writing or examining advantages and disadvantages.
You can use many different kinds of charts, depending on your topic and the kind of writing you are doing.
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Example Chart
Living with Family
Living in Hostel
Advantages May not pay rent Meals Different ages
More independence Social interaction
Disadvantages Less independence Rules
Rent Cooking/Shopping Noise
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Pre Writing Examine your purpose Determine your goals Consider your audience Gather your data Determine how the content will be
provided
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Determine how the content will be provided
Decide which way will be best for communicating ? Email Memo SMS Web Letter Brochure Newsletter Etc
Writing
Time to Write !
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Writing Organization
Organize the draft according to some logical sequence that your readers can follow easily.
Formatting Format the content to allow for ease of access.
Re Writing
Improve Your Writing
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Re Writing Revising Editing Proof reading
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Revising
Review higher-order concerns: Clear communication of
ideas Organization of paper Paragraph structure Strong introduction and
conclusion
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Revision Is purpose clear? Is audience clear? Is thesis strong? Is thesis supported? Is tone appropriate?
Transitions between ideas and paragraphs?
Sentences smooth? Words vivid? Grammar? Punctuation? Spelling?
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Editing Strategy
C Capitals
O Overall Appearance
P Punctuation
S Spelling
COPS
COPS
COPS
COPS
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Proofreading
Review later-order concerns: Spelling Punctuation Sentence
structure Documentation
style
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Proofreading tips Slowly read your paper
aloud.
Exchange papers with a friend.
NOTE: Spell check will not catch everything, and grammar checks are often wrong!
Let’s Revise !!
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What we studied today?
Re WritingPre Writing Writing
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Pre Writing Examine your purpose Determine your goals Consider your audience Gather your data Determine how the content will be
provided
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Writing Organization
Organize the draft according to some logical sequence that your readers can follow easily.
Formatting Format the content to allow for ease of access.
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Re Writing Revising Editing Proof reading
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