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1775_ - 1783
PatriotsLoyalistsNeutral
After sending a petition for peace to King George called the Olive Branch Petition, the delegates realized that war could not be avoided!
“Could I have foreseen what I have, and am likely to experience, no consideration upon earth should have induced me to accept this command.”-GEORGE WASHINGTON
1777
What were the strengths and weaknesses of the British and Americans going into the war???
Patriots, Rebels, Sons of Libery, Minutemen, Revolutionaries
Redcoats, Lobsterbacks, Royalists, Loyalists Tories, King’s Men
Continental Disadvantages
Untrained Soldiers
_Ethan Allen and Green Mountain Boys get cannons: Fort Ticonderoga __________________________
● Less people● No leaders● No experience● Bad armour
The rifle took a long time to load, compared to the musket. By the time a soldier forced his rifle ball down the barrel, the enemy could get him with a bayonet. Their rifles had no bayonet, a necessity for fighting at close range, or in damp weather when wet flints and gunpowder made firearms useless. Because of these disadvantages, the musket remained the primary weapon used during the Revolutionary War.
Continental Army
Advantages- fighting for their homes and freedom
- leadership of George WashingtonEthan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys
Not afraid to cheat
We know the land better
Minute menmuch better communitcation
Farm boys are better shots
Allies
Better support
- plentiful weapons and supplies
British Army Advantages
- highly trained, experienced Soldiers
- most powerful navy in the world- Loyalists and Tories in colonies
Burgoyne Cornwallis Clinton Gage Howe
- less reasons to fight hard
British Army
Disadvantages
- the war was fought far from home
- risked constant attack
The Patriot – Battle Scene
Battle of Bunker Hill – video 3:53
• Occurred on Breeds Hill on June 17, 1775.
• The Patriots were short on gunpowder and were warned by Colonel William Prescott,
“Don’t fire till you see the whites of their eyes!”
• The British won the battle, but lost over 1,000 troops.
• This battle showed Britain that the Patriots would not be an easy enemy.
Declaration of Independence - Thomas Jefferson
____ parts:- Preamble “We hold these truths to be
self-evident…” + natural rights- British wrongs- Declare Independence_!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yb7MI8NQLoo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qa8IdmKapYk
Battle of TrentonChristmas 1776: Washington plans attack on Trenton.Rules of war at that time: no fighting on ________________!Christmas night, Continental Army crossed Delaware River and attacked Hessian troops at Trenton.
“Hessian population of Trenton at 8:00 a.m. - 1408 men and 39 officers; Hessian population at 9:00 a.m. - 0
Washington crossing the Delaware River at Battle of Trenton
British General Cornwallis tried to retake Trenton. He followed Continental Army. Late at night saw Washington’s campfires. He was ready to attack in the morning.
Washington had fooled him - he left the fires burning and slipped behind British lines. Washington successfully attacked British forces and scored another victory at __________________.
What was the turning point of the Revolution???
British Gen. John Burgoyne
_________________________________
• Turning Point – This battle convinced ________________ to join the war on the side of the U.S.
The Battle of SaratogaOctober 1777
• British General John Burgoyne sent 700 Hessians to look for supplies.
• The Americans then launched a surprise attack, defeating Gen. Burgoyne’s force.
In the fall of 1776, Congress sent him to ________.
His job was to persuade France to become an ALLY
of the United States.
Benjamin Franklin
at the Court of France.
I LOVE Paris,
France!!!!!
European help would be crucial to the success of the Americans.
Several military officers came to Washington’s aid, including the French nobleman Marquis de Lafayette. Lafayette became on one Washington’s most trusted commanders. He helped win many battles and convinced the French to send 6,000 troops to America.
Beginning in the winter of 1777-1778,
Washington and his army camped at Valley
Forge in Southeast Pennsylvania. They had
been forced out of Philadelphia by General
Howe.
Coats
Hats
Shirts
Shoes
Adequate blankets
MedicalAttention
Food
Valley Forge--Washington & Lafayette. Winter 1777-78.
Here’s how Lafayette described the conditions at Valley Forge.
“The unfortunate soldiers were in want of everything; they had neither coats, nor hats, nor shirts, nor shoes; their feet and legs froze till they grew black and it was often necessary to amputate them……. The Army frequently passed whole days without food”.
• With the help of Friedrich ___________________, the army survived and became well trained.
Though outnumbered, the newly formed Continental navy scored several victories against the British under the leadership of John Paul Jones who is considered the father of the American navy and is known for his famous quote:
I have not yet
begun to fight!!!!
Other famous individuals in the Revolutionary War:
- Will and Henry Knox
- Dr. Prescott, William Dawes, Paul Revere
- Thomas Paine
- Margaret Corbin
- Deborah Sampson
War in the South- The British moved the fighting to the South after France entered the war in an attempt to gain Loyalist support.
Benedict Arnold
- Arnold was an American general who secretly offered to turn over the fort at West Point to the British in exchange for money.
A traitor - Pretends - A Spy
- Before he could be convicted as a spy, Arnold escaped and fought for the British.
Battle of ___________
(1781)
• General Cornwallis set up camp in Yorktown, Virginia.
Battle of Yorktown
(1781)
• A French fleet, under the leadership of Admiral de Grasse, blocked the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, preventing Cornwallis from receiving supplies from the British navy.
Help!!
Battle of Yorktown
(1781)
• George Washington, along with 6,000 French troops led by Gen. Rochambeau, marched to Yorktown from New York.
• The U.S. and French troops cornered Cornwallis in Yorktown.
Help!!I surrender!
• Cornwallis surrendered on October 17, 1781, ending the Revolutionary War!
Surrender of ___________________ at Yorktown, Virginia, October 19, 1781, by which over 7,000 British and Hessians became prisoners.
The Treaty of ParisApril 1783
- The British recognized the U.S. as an _____________ nation.- U.S. territory stretched from Canada to Florida and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River.- Britain returned Florida to Spain.
- The U.S. promised to ask state legislatures to pay Loyalists for the property they lost in the war. (However, most states paid the Loyalists nothing.)
- In December of 1783, Gen. Washington bid farewell to his officers at Fraunces' Tavern in New York City.
Washington's Farewell
“Such a scene of sorrow and weeping I had never before witnessed. ..The simple thought that we were then about to part from the man who had conducted us through a long and bloody war, and under whose conduct the glory and independence of our country had been achieved, and that we should see his face no more in this world, seemed to me utterly unbearable.”
- Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge
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