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1914-1918: The World at War. Causes of the War. M.A.I.N. M ilitarism= the development of armed forces & their use as a tool of diplomacy A lliance System= countries form alliances with one another - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1914-1914-1918:1918:
The The WorldWorldat Warat War
1914-1914-1918:1918:
The The WorldWorldat Warat War
CausesCausesof theof theWarWar
CausesCausesof theof theWarWar
M.A.I.N
Militarism= the development of armed forces & their use as a
tool of diplomacy
Alliance System= countries form alliances with one
another to help provide international security
Imperialism= building of empires by extending their economic
& political control over various peoples around the world
Nationalism= the devotion to the interests & culture of one’s
nation
1. The Alliance System1. The Alliance System
Triple EntenteTriple Entente::Triple EntenteTriple Entente:: Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::
Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::
The Major Players: 1914-17
The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]
Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]
George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare Pres. Poincare [Fr][Fr]
Pres. Poincare Pres. Poincare [Fr][Fr]
Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers::
Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]
Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel II [It]II [It]
Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel II [It]II [It]
Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::
Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]
Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]
Europe in 1914Europe in 1914
2. Militarism & Arms Race2. Militarism & Arms Race
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Total Defense Expenditures for the Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,
Rus.] Rus.] in millions of £s.in millions of £s.
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany
73%
3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
4. Aggressive Nationalism
4. Aggressive Nationalism
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
TheThe
“Spark“Spark””
TheThe
“Spark“Spark””
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
Heir to the Austrian throne
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassination: SarajevoJune 1914 shot and killed while visiting Bosnian capital Sarajevo
The Assassin: The Assassin:Gavrilo Princip (Serbian nationalist)
Gavrilo Princip (Serbian nationalist)
Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?
The Schlieffen PlanThe Schlieffen Plan-Germany invades Belgium Aug. 3, 1914
-Invade Belgium, then onto Paris, France, then Russia
MobilizationMobilization
It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go;It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know!To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly,Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square,Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary,It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!But my heart's right there!
It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go;It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know!To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly,Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square,Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary,It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!But my heart's right there!
Home by Home by Christmas!Christmas!
No major war No major war in 50 years!in 50 years!
Nationalism!Nationalism!
Home by Home by Christmas!Christmas!
No major war No major war in 50 years!in 50 years!
Nationalism!Nationalism!
Soldiers Mobilized
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
France Germany Russia Britain
Mil
lio
ns
The The Western Western Front:Front:
A “War of A “War of
AttritionAttrition””
The The Western Western Front:Front:
A “War of A “War of
AttritionAttrition””
A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War
The Western FrontThe Western Front
Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”
““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”
Verdun – February, 1916
Verdun – February, 1916
German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.
German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916
The Somme – July, 1916
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!
Sacrifices in WarSacrifices in War
AmericAmericaa
JoinsJoinsthethe
AlliesAllies
AmericAmericaa
JoinsJoinsthethe
AlliesAllies
Americans are DividedSocialists- criticize war as capitalist & imperialist
Pacifists- belief that war was evil & America needs to set an example
of peace to rest of world
Home Country Ties- many sympathized with the country in
which they had emigrated from
Economic Ties- most tied to Allied Powers, less to Germany
Outcome:
Remain NEUTRAL
War Hits HomeWar Hits Home-British blockade German coast
-German U-Boats counter-blockadeOutcome: American ships & civilians caught in middle
May 1915 British liner Lusitania sunk (128 Americans die)August 1915 British liner Arabic sunk (2 American die) March 1916 French liner Sussex sunk (5 Americans die)
War is inevitable…….
- Woodrow Wilson is re-elected in 1916
- January 1917 calls for “a peace without vicotory…..a peace between equals”
- Germany ignores Wilson’s call for peace
- January 31…. Kaiser Wilhelm declares Germany will resume “Unrestricted Submarine Warfare” in British waters
The Zimmerman Telegram
The Zimmerman Telegram
-German foreign minister sends telegram to German ambassador in Mexico
-Suggested Mexico declare war with U.S. and Germany would support them in alliance
The YanksAre
Coming!April 1917
The YanksAre
Coming!April 1917
Americans in the Trenches
Americans in the Trenches
The War of The War of thethe
Industrial Industrial Revolution:Revolution:
NewNewTechnologyTechnology
The War of The War of thethe
Industrial Industrial Revolution:Revolution:
NewNewTechnologyTechnology
French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank
British Tank at YpresBritish Tank at Ypres
U-BoatsU-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
The AirplaneThe Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Flying Aces of World War I
The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
FrancescoBarraco, It.
Rene PaukFonck, Fr.
Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.
[The “Red Baron”]
Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.
Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.
Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
Looking for the “Red Baron?”
Looking for the “Red Baron?”
The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin
FlameThrowers
FlameThrowers
GrenadeLaunchersGrenade
Launchers
Poison Gas
Poison Gas
Machine Gun
Machine Gun
““Art”Art”ofof
WorldWorldWar IWar I
““Art”Art”ofof
WorldWorldWar IWar I
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!
9,000,0009,000,000 DeadDead9,000,0009,000,000 DeadDead
The Somme American Cemetary, France
The Somme American Cemetary, France
116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died
World War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties
01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000
10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS
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