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1917
• Czar Nicholas II- absolute ruler of Russia
• Pogrom- Violent attack on Jewish community
• Duma- Russian legislature• Bolshevik- member of 1917 Russian
Communist revolutionary group• Soviet- council of workers and soldiers
set up by Russian Revolutionaries
Rasputin- “Mad Monk”; manipulated royal family of Russia
Lenin- leader of Bolshevik Party; first leader of Communist Russia or Soviet Union
Trotsky- High- ranking member of Communist Party; next in line to Lenin
Stalin- “ Man of Steel”; came to power after Lenin died and Trotsky was murdered
Lenin
Trotsky
StalinRasputin
Czarist Rule (Absolutism) Corrupt Government Feudalism Peasant Unrest Ethnic Tensions and Persecution of
Minority Groups Pogroms Military defeat in Russo-Japanese War
(1904) “Bloody Sunday”
Peaceful marchers gathered in St. Petersburg to ask the Czar to reform the government
Fearing an uprising, Czar Nicholas II ordered soldiers to fire on the crowd
Many Russians turned against the Czar
After Bloody Sunday, strikes and revolts swept across country. Fearing he would lose his power, Czar Nicholas II gave into the demands of the people.
Czar issues “October Manifesto” granting reforms and freedoms
Czar sets up the Duma, a legislature (lawmaking body), but then dissolves it when they disagree with him continues pogroms and issues laws to take power away from the Duma
Lack of Industrialization Involvement in WWI
• Shortage of weapons and supplies• Embarrassing defeats
Shortages of food, fuel, and housing Manipulation of Czarina Alexandra by
Rasputin Russians don’t trust her (She’s also German) textbook
Promised Peace, Land, and Bread
Promised to rid Russia of ethnic, religious, and class discrimination get rid of religion
Known as the Red Army
Fought the Czar’s supporters known as the White Army
***video
The Bolsheviks• Established a One-Party Totalitarian
Dictatorship• Outlawed religion, ended freedom of the
press, and set up a secret police
Lenin was the first leader of the Soviet Union. He quickly realized that Pure Communism wasn’t working and he introduced a New Economic Plan which included elements of capitalism. He died shortly thereafter
A power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin resulted in Trotsky’s death and Stalin became the new leader of the Soviet Union
Russification- Forced all ethnic groups in Soviet Union to speak Russian and give up their own cultural practices
5 Year Plans- Industrialized Russia/ Soviet Union, but at the cost of 60 million lives
Ruled with an iron fist; dissidents were sent to forced labor camps called gulags; secret police called the Checka searched for “traitors to the revolution” and held mock trials
Great Purge- Stalin’s Reign of Terror Master of propaganda
Stalin Both Robespierre
Stalin Both Robespierre
Dictators
Great Purge- 800,000 died
Reign of Terror - 40,000
Promoted women’s rights
Fake democracy
Man of Steel Nicknames The Incorruptible
Communism only worked when the government employed force could not last forever
Ruled by absolute monarchs who used divine right to justify their rule
Corrupt government Famine Bread riots Unequal land distribution- remains of feudalism Rigid social class structure Debt from foreign wars Queen was a foreigner from the country of the
enemy Revolution was led by radicals Both radical groups used three word slogan to
gain support of commoners
Both King/ Czar and radicals used secret police and censorship to control the people
Both king and czar called a legislature and then threw them out
Radicals tried to get rid of their enemies with a reign of terror
Religion was outlawed under the leadership of the radicals
Land was seized from the Church Food was taken from farmers by the radical govt. Both had actually experienced three revolutions Both were taken over by dictators who promoted
nationalism and imperialism to “save” other countries from corrupt leadership
Both took land and power from the nobility
Both faced attack from foreign powers Both absolute monarchs were executed by the
radicals Both experienced civil war (conservatives
versus nationalist radicals) Both countries followed expansionist
(imperialist) policies after the revolution and civil war
Dictators came to power at the end of revolution compromised their beliefs to stabilize the country
French Rev Russian Rev
Louis XVI Absolute Monarchs Czar Nicholas II
Jacobins Radical groups Bolsheviks
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
Three-word slogans “Peace, Land, and Bread”
Robespierre, Napoleon
Dictators Lenin, Stalin
Marie Antoinette Foreign queens Alexandra
Napoleon Foreigners come to power
Stalin
American Revolution
Foreign wars WWI
England, Austria, and Spain
Faced attacks from foreign countries
England and France
French Rev Russian Rev
Robespierre terror followed by Napoleon reformer
Post revolution leadership
Lenin reformer followed by Stalin terror
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