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1960s Counterculture
StatsDemographics
Population-177,830,000
Average Salary-$4,743
Minimum Wage-$1.00 per hour
850,000 students enter college resulting in emergency living quarters at most campuses
The Hippy Movement
The term “hippy” comes from being hip. You were either hip or you were a “square” or a “pig.”
Hippie were looking for an alternative way to live life. Most hippies valued freedom, nature, intimacy, peace, sharing, and spirituality.
* In population terms, # of teenagers and young adults were on the rise
COUNTER CULTURE
Reaction against the conservative government, social norms of the 1950s, the political conservatism of the Cold War period, and the US Government's extensive military intervention in VietnamNew Left
Middle class college studentsStudents for a Democratic Society (SDS)
• Founded at the University of Michigan in 1960• Organizational base for New Left• Port Huron Statement
Criticized the lack of individual freedoms• Believed colleges were a natural base to promote social change• Began protesting the lack of student freedoms
Dress code, course requirements, and discrimination in sororities, fraternities, and admissions
• Began student anti-war movement
COUNTER CULTURENew Left
Free Speech Movement• Organized at Berkeley in 1964• Used sit-ins and taking over college buildings to protest the war
Young International Party (Yippies)• Democratic National Convention in 1968• Chicago• Anti-war protest• Police brutality
• Protests- Berkeley, Penn State, Kent State
Countercultural valuesFree speech movement
Fuck the Establishment or “the man”
Feeling of disillusionment
Distance from the previous generation
Unrest, misdirection
Unwilling to conform
Questioning of race
relations, sexuality,
gender issues, etc.
Civil Rights in America
The Vietnam Era also proved a time of remarkable social change in American society. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and other civil rights leaders confronted racist laws and attitudes, seeking equal rights and opportunities for African Americans.
Music
The most popular music of the time was psychedelic rock
Bands like Jefferson Airplane, Quicksilver Messenger Service, the Jimi Hendrix Experience and the Grateful Dead played free concerts at Golden Gate Park.
Concerts and be-ins were places for hippies to protest, socialize, dance, or take drugs.
At Woodstock over 250,000 hippies showed up to hear artists like Janis Joplin, The Who, Canned Heat, The Allman Brothers, and County Joe and the Fish.
POPULAR CULTURE
ArtInfluenced by desire to move into modern ageArtists wanted to inspire the viewer to leap into the unknown or experience art in their own wayAndy Warhol-leading name in pop art
Artistic Approach
Old culture Vs. new culture
Postmodernism
Critique of commodification, mass production
Warhol’s play on Botticelli’s Birth of Venus
POPULAR CULTURE
LiteratureExpressed problems in societyRace relations
• To Kill a Mockingbird-Harper Lee
Feminism• The Bell Jar-Sylvia Plath• The Feminine Mystique-Betty Friedan
Disillusionment• Catch 22-Joseph Heller• One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest-Ken Kesey
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