2 nd Law: Everything must go somewhere

2nd Law: Everything must go somewhere

No matter what you do, and no matter what you use, it

doesn’t disappear…it has to go somewhere.

HEAT

Energy flows, matter cycles

Closed System- does not

exchange matter with anything

outside the system

Energy transfer

• How much energy (%) is transferred to the next trophic level?

• Where did the rest of the energy that isn’t food calories go?

Energy lost as heat

Image Source: http://www.mesa.edu.au/ Image Source: worldslife-nisha.blogspot.com

Where do you find:

The most number of organismsGreatest amount of biomass (amount of living matter)Least amount of energy

10,000 fresh water shrimps support 1,000 bleak fish, which in turn support 100 perches followed by 10 northern pikes and finally one osprey.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCHhwxvQqxg&feature=related Water

Look for at least one example of law #1: connections

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_c0ZzZfC8c

http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/

Animation- Water Cycle

Stomata (“leaf openings)

Transpiration accounts for approximately 10% of all evaporating water.

The Water Cycle

Image source: cd7.e2bn.net

transpiration

Run-off

http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/kids/flash/flash_watercycle.html

Tutorial

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2_haQokNjE&feature=fvwrel

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YswL4dIDQuk&feature=related Water Cycle Song

“A drop in the bucket”• How much of Earth is water?

– 70%• Where is most of this water found & can we drink it?

– ocean, is salty so can’t drink it• Of non-salty water-is this all available for

consumption?– No, mostly frozen

• Is this non-frozen all available for humans?– No, some in clouds, plants, soil, and other animals

• How much is available for humans?– 1 drop = 0.003%

Who Dirtied the Water?

• Whose responsibility is it in cleaning up the water?• What can be done to save the Pasig River?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bv22cTudJuQ&feature=related

Activity: Who Dirtied the Water?

http://www.msichicago.org/fileadmin/Education/learninglabs/lab_downloads/TTW_dirtied_the_water_act.pdf

WHO DIRTIED THE WATER DATA TABLEWHO IS ADDING WHAT IS ADDED

BeaverRiver

RunoffWetlandsShellfish

The Story:

Once upon a time there was a beautiful piece of land. It was almost an island, connected to the mainland by a narrow land bridge, and surrounded on three sides by a lake. The lake was filled with clear water and was dotted with a few small green islands. Fish and other aquatic life thrived in the water. The land was covered with trees and the land and the lake teemed with wildlife.

Chorus:

Would you want to swim in this lake?Would you eat fish caught in this water?

Would you like to go boating in this lake?

Animal life flourished along a nearby river and the BEAVER were plentiful. A RIVER ran along one side of the land, carrying sediment with it as it flowed into the lake. WETLANDS grew along the edges of the lake. Grasses from the wetlands sometimes washed into the lake and became food for the fish. In the shallow water, clams and other SHELLFISH thrived. A small group of people lived on this land, which they called Hoodland. The people were called the HOODITES. The Hoodite people fished for food and shellfish in the lake. They dumped some of their garbage near the lake. We still find the piles of the shells they left.

Chorus: Would you want to swim in this lake?

Would you eat fish caught in this water?Would you like to go boating in this lake?

After many years SETTLERS from Europe came to live in the area. The settlers built a town much larger than the Hoodite villages. Some of the townÍs garbage was dumped into the lake. CARPENTERS built houses, farms, and stores that filled the Hoodland valley. As the town grew, the settlers filled the wetlands to provide more land on which to build. FARMERS cut down trees to clear their fields. Without trees and wetlands to hold the soil, rain carried soil into the lake.

Chorus: Would you want to swim in this lake?

Would you eat fish caught in this water?Would you like to go boating in this lake?

More and more HOUSES and shops were built, and the town of Hoodville grew into a city. Sewer pipes were constructed to remove the waste from houses and bathrooms. The sewage flowed through

the pipes into the bay. Since the wetlands had been filled in, RUNOFF water washed

pollution from the streets directly into the lake. FISHERMAN found that nets made of plastic were stronger than those made of rope. Sometimes these nets got lost in the water.

Fisherman and other BOATERS sometimes threw their rubbish overboard.

Chorus: Would you want to swim in this lake?

Would you eat fish caught in this water?Would you like to go boating in this lake?

The city built LAUNDROMATS where people could wash their clothes. The detergents went down the pipes with the sewage into the lake. People hired MERRY MAIDS to clean their houses. They used poisonous tile and drain cleaners, which flowed into the sewage system. Even swimmers and SUN BATHERS going to enjoy the lake sometimes left garbage on its beaches. As the city grew, SHIPS came to unload their supplies. Sometimes these ships spilled oil into the lake. FACTORIES built along the water’s edge often dumped their toxic wastes and chemicals into the water.

Chorus: Would you want to swim in his lake?

Would you eat fish caught in this water?Would you like to go boating in this lake?

Pollution/soot from street

Poisonous drain cleaner

Toxic waster/ sludge

Toxic chemicals

Pollutant Where it comes from? Sediment Land surface erosion

Pavement and vehicle wear (tyres, brakes etc...) Atmosphere Spillage/illegal discharge Organic matter (eg leaf litter, grass, droppings) runoff water from washing cars Weathering of buildings/structures

Nutrients Organic matter Fertilisers Sewer overflows/septic tanks leaks Animal/bird droppings Detergents (car washing) Atmosphere Spillage/illegal discharges

Oxygen demanding substances

Decaying organic matter Atmosphere Sewer overflows/septic tank leaks Animal/bird droppings Spillage/illegal discharges

pH (acidity) Atmosphere Spillage/illegal discharges Decaying organic matter Erosion of roofing material

Micro-organisms Animal/bird droppings Sewer overflows/septic tank levels Decaying organic matter

Toxic organics Pesticides Herbicides Spillage/illegal discharges Sewer overflows/septic tank leaks

Heavy metals Atmosphere Vehicle wear Sewer overflows/septic tank leaks Weathering of buildings/structures Spillage/ illegal discharges

Oils and surfactants Asphalt pavements Spillage/illegal discharges Leaks from vehicles Car washing Organic matter

Increased water temperature

Runoff from impervious surfaces Removal of riparian vegetation

Pollutant Where it comes from? Sediment Land surface erosion

Pavement and vehicle wear (tyres, brakes etc...) Atmosphere Spillage/illegal discharge Organic matter (eg leaf litter, grass, droppings) runoff water from washing cars Weathering of buildings/structures

Nutrients Organic matter Fertilisers Sewer overflows/septic tanks leaks Animal/bird droppings Detergents (car washing) Atmosphere Spillage/illegal discharges

Oxygen demanding substances

Decaying organic matter Atmosphere Sewer overflows/septic tank leaks Animal/bird droppings Spillage/illegal discharges

pH (acidity) Atmosphere Spillage/illegal discharges Decaying organic matter Erosion of roofing material

Micro-organisms Animal/bird droppings Sewer overflows/septic tank levels Decaying organic matter

Toxic organics Pesticides Herbicides Spillage/illegal discharges Sewer overflows/septic tank leaks

Heavy metals Atmosphere Vehicle wear Sewer overflows/septic tank leaks Weathering of buildings/structures Spillage/illegal discharges

Oils and surfactants Asphalt pavements Spillage/illegal discharges Leaks from vehicles Car washing Organic matter

Increased water temperature

Runoff from impervious surfaces Removal of riparian vegetation

Pollutant Where it comes from? Sediment Land surface erosion

Pavement and vehicle wear (tyres, brakes etc...) Atmosphere Spillage/illegal discharge Organic matter (eg leaf litter, grass, droppings) runoff water from washing cars Weathering of buildings/structures

Nutrients Organic matter Fertilisers Sewer overflows/septic tanks leaks Animal/bird droppings Detergents (car washing) Atmosphere Spillage/illegal discharges

Oxygen demanding substances

Decaying organic matter Atmosphere Sewer overflows/septic tank leaks Animal/bird droppings Spillage/illegal discharges

pH (acidity) Atmosphere Spillage/illegal discharges Decaying organic matter Erosion of roofing material

Micro-organisms Animal/bird droppings Sewer overflows/septic tank levels Decaying organic matter

Toxic organics Pesticides Herbicides Spillage/illegal discharges Sewer overflows/septic tank leaks

Heavy metals Atmosphere Vehicle wear Sewer overflows/septic tank leaks Weathering of buildings/structures Spillage/ illegal discharges

Oils and surfactants Asphalt pavements Spillage/illegal discharges Leaks from vehicles Car washing Organic matter

Increased water temperature

Runoff from impervious surfaces Removal of riparian vegetation

The clean up of the River ThamesFifty years after being declared biologically dead, the Thames has been hailed as an environmental success story. But how has the iconic river been transformed?

It was near this spot in 1878 that more than 600 passengers on the steamship Princess Alice died when the pleasure boat sank in a collision.

As they swam towards the safety of the shore, the passengers were overcome by the noxious cocktail of pollution in the water. In 1957, the pollution levels became so bad that the River Thames was declared biologically dead. The amount of oxygen in the water fell so low that no life could survive and the mud reeked of rotten eggs.

River Thames 1850

Fifty years later, •It teems with life: 125 species of fish •more than 400 species of invertebrates •Waterfowl, waders and sea birds feed off the rich pickings in the water •seals, dolphins and even otters are regularly spotted between the river banks.

Winner of the International Theiss River Prize, a £220,000 award given to rivers that have undergone outstanding restoration

REBIRTH OF A RIVER

Is There Hope?

BEFORE

A DREAMAdvocating for Change

“A drop in the bucket”• How much of Earth is water?

– 70%• Where is most of this water found & can we drink it?

– ocean, is salty so can’t drink it• Of non-salty water-is this all available for

consumption?– No, mostly frozen

• Is this non-frozen all available for humans?– No, some in clouds, plants, soil, and other animals

• How much is available for humans?– 1 drop = 0.003%

Reflection assignment:

Who Dirtied the Water?

• Whose responsibility is it in cleaning up the water?• What can be done to save the Pasig River?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bv22cTudJuQ&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNHbRznN9Qo

Reflection• How does “Who Dirtied the Water?” relate to

each law? Give specific examples– Law #1 states:____________. This game relates to law #1 because:_______

– Law #2 states:___________. An example of this law in the game is:______

– Who’s fault is it?– Who is responsible for cleaning it up?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3SZKJVKRxQ

Carbon Cycle

Image source: http://www.co2logic.com/

Carbon Sinks:

The Cycling of Water and Carbon

Respiration

Main Ideas:

The reactants in photosynthesis are products of respiration

Photosynthesis

Respiration

The Cycling of Water and Carbon