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Page 1 ASM-HCS Interaction Reqts Webinar.pptASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
This document and the information contained herein are confidential to the ASM Consortium and the property of Honeywell International, and are made available only to ASM Consortium member company employees. This document, and any copy thereof, and the information contained herein shall be maintained in strictest confidence; shall not be disclosed or distributed (a) to persons who are not ASM Consortium employees, or (b) to ASM Consortium employees for whom such information is not necessary in connection with their assigned responsibilities. When the employee in possession of this document terminates employment with the ASM member company, this document and any copies thereof shall be returned to the employee’s manager. There shall be no exceptions to the terms and conditions set forth herein except as authorized in writing by the responsible ASM Program Manager in accordance with the provisions of the ASM Consortium Agreement.
An Introduction to the ASM Guidelines Effective Operator Display Design
2009 ASM WebinarCommunications Program
An Introduction to the ASM Guidelines Effective Operator Display Design
2009 ASM WebinarCommunications Program
Dal Vernon Reising
Peter BullemerHuman Centered SolutionsHuman Centered Solutions
Helping People PerformHelping People Perform
www.applyHCS.com
Page 2 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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ASM and Abnormal Situation Management are U.S. registered trademarks of Honeywell International, Inc.
Human Centered SolutionsHuman Centered Solutions
Helping People PerformHelping People Perform
www.applyHCS.comwww.applyHCS.com
Webinar PresentersWebinar Presenters
• Dr. Dal Vernon Reising– Senior partner, HCS, human factors consulting group
– Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering
– Participation in ASM program since 1999, including role as Principal Investigator
• Dr. Peter Bullemer– Senior partner, HCS, human factors consulting group
– Ph.D. in Cognitive Science
– Participation in ASM program since 1993, including roles as Director and Principle Investigator
Page 3 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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ASM and Abnormal Situation Management are U.S. registered trademarks of Honeywell International, Inc.
Human Centered SolutionsHuman Centered Solutions
Helping People PerformHelping People Perform
www.applyHCS.comwww.applyHCS.com
Poll Slide 1 (Placeholder)Poll Slide 1 (Placeholder)
• How would you characterize your current employer in the industry?
– Operating company site
– Operating company corporate
– Consultant
– Engineering firm
– DCS vendor company
– Advanced applications / tools vendor company
– Other
Page 4 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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ASM and Abnormal Situation Management are U.S. registered trademarks of Honeywell International, Inc.
Human Centered SolutionsHuman Centered Solutions
Helping People PerformHelping People Perform
www.applyHCS.comwww.applyHCS.com
Poll Slide 2 (Placeholder)Poll Slide 2 (Placeholder)
• What is your experience level with the ASM® “Effective Operator Display Design” guidelines document?
– Only heard about it, but don’t know much about it
– Have not read it, but have seen “ASM display” examples before
– Skimmed through the document
– Read it from cover to cover
– Used the document in the context of my work
Page 5 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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ASM and Abnormal Situation Management are U.S. registered trademarks of Honeywell International, Inc.
Human Centered SolutionsHuman Centered Solutions
Helping People PerformHelping People Perform
www.applyHCS.comwww.applyHCS.com
Abnormal Situation Management®Abnormal Situation Management®
® Abnormal Situation Management and ASM are US registered trademarks of Honeywell Inc.
Founded in 1994
Creating a new paradigm for the operation of complex industrial plants, with solution concepts that improve Operations’ ability to prevent and respond to abnormal situations.
www.asmconsortium.org
A Joint Research and Development ConsortiumA Joint Research and Development Consortium
Page 6 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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ASM and Abnormal Situation Management are U.S. registered trademarks of Honeywell International, Inc.
Human Centered SolutionsHuman Centered Solutions
Helping People PerformHelping People Perform
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What is an Abnormal Situation?What is an Abnormal Situation?
� An industrial process is being disturbed and the automated control system can not cope...
� Consequently, the operations team must intervene to supplement the control system.
� Impacts profitability in multiple ways:
Product Quality
Product ThruputPersonal Injury
Loss of Life
Equipment Damage
Job Satisfaction
Page 7 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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ASM and Abnormal Situation Management are U.S. registered trademarks of Honeywell International, Inc.
Human Centered SolutionsHuman Centered Solutions
Helping People PerformHelping People Perform
www.applyHCS.comwww.applyHCS.com
Plant Operating Target
Plant Capacity Limit
Daily Production LevelDaily Production Level
Da
ys
pe
r Y
ea
r
Optimization efforts
Operational Constraints
95% 100%< 60%
Total Feed
0
5
10
15
20
28
0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
53
0
54
0
55
0
56
0
57
0
58
0
59
0
60
0
61
0
62
0
Rate
$33.5 M
Total Feed
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
28
0
29
0
30
0
31
0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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61
0
62
0
$38.5 M
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
11
2
11
5
11
8
12
1
12
4
12
7
13
0
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3
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4
15
7
16
0
16
3
16
6
16
9
17
2
17
4
17
7
18
0
18
3
Production rate
3.2%
5.8%
0
5 0
1 0 0
1 5 0
2 0 0
2 5 0
3 0 0
457
463
468
474
480
486
492
497
503
509
515
520
526
532
538
543
549
555
561
567
572
578
584
590
595
Feed R a te
1503
$24.2M
1 σ1 σ1 σ1 σ2 σ2 σ2 σ2 σ
Summarized Production Data
Plant Incidents
33.5M
38.5M
24.2M
5.8%Source: ASM Consortium Research
Making the Business CaseUnexpected Events Cost 3-8% of CapacityMaking the Business CaseUnexpected Events Cost 3-8% of Capacity
~ $10 Billion annually in lost production !
Page 8 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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ASM and Abnormal Situation Management are U.S. registered trademarks of Honeywell International, Inc.
Human Centered SolutionsHuman Centered Solutions
Helping People PerformHelping People Perform
www.applyHCS.comwww.applyHCS.com
Webinar Overview Webinar Overview
• This webinar aims to
– Present a case study on the value of “ASM graphics”
– Introduce people to the contentsof Effective Operator Display Design guidelines document
– Discuss some common pitfalls in using guidelines
– Suggest how the document might be used
Page 9 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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ASM and Abnormal Situation Management are U.S. registered trademarks of Honeywell International, Inc.
Human Centered SolutionsHuman Centered Solutions
Helping People PerformHelping People Perform
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Purpose and ScopePurpose and Scope
• While this document does describe “what to do,” it is not intended to be a “how to guide” to the design of the plant policy or work processes
• Examples are provided in the Guideline book to help explain the guidelines, but the examples might NOT provide the best implementation for your site
• Communicate the ASM® Consortiumrecommendations for the effective design and use of operator graphics and field device displays
• Enable assessment of the quality of a company’s operator displays and console configuration from the perspective of their potential impact on abnormal situation management
Page 10 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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ASM and Abnormal Situation Management are U.S. registered trademarks of Honeywell International, Inc.
Human Centered SolutionsHuman Centered Solutions
Helping People PerformHelping People Perform
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Guideline DevelopmentGuideline Development
• Operator interface design has been an important focus of the ASM Consortium since its origin in 1994
• During the NIST-funded Phase of the Consortium (1996-1998)– Conducted site practice assessments, identifying best practices including those
for operator graphics and display design
– Prototyped an advanced information system (AEGIS) that applied pacesetter concepts to operator graphics
• Drafted initial guidelines document in 2000, based on site practices
• Conducted an Operator Graphics Workshop in Fall 2000 to identify additional practices and solicit feedback on guidelines
• Published document for ASM member use in 2000
– Project Team—Honeywell Labs, Consortium User Members & workshop attendees
– Critical Review Team—ASMC User Members
• Major refinements to the document in 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2009
Page 11 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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Some Initial ASM Concepts Some Initial ASM Concepts
Objective
• Define ASM-based user interface concepts and features that improve usability and effectiveness of the human-machine interactions in the process control operations environment
Key Solution Concepts & Innovations
• Single, Integrated View of Multi-Level Hierarchy
• Mixed Initiative Approach
• Effective Window Management and Layout
• Effective Navigation Scheme
• Visual Coding Scheme
• Interaction Objects
• Contextual Menus & Information presentation
• Task View Organization
Trend WindowTrend Window Trend WindowTrend Window
Atmosphere175#
Steam
Riser/Regenerator
Waste Heat
Combustion Air
Feed Preheat Fractionator
-10
+102-35
-15
- 45
-35
-35
Atmosphere175#
Steam
Riser/Regenerator
Waste Heat
Combustion Air
Feed Preheat FractionatorFractionator
-10-10
+102-35
-15-15-15
- 45- 45
-35-35
-35-35
X
Time/DateStatus Evidence SourceAge10:14:34 12/15/9600:00
Auto Filter ACKEmergency
ResponseTypeTrip
Overhead Receiver Pressur e PC204
PV SP OP
14
13
12
11
30 Minu te
100
80
60
40
20
00
HistoryLogAdvisory UIN Libra ry ChronicAlarmsActive U INTrend
9:44:34 12/15/96
10 :14 :34 12/15/9600:15PVDEVHI
Edi t>>Deactivate New >>
NameRalph15
AuthorRalph FIDev
JoeTimeJoe F RemindAnna5Anna TimerRalph6Ralph FIDevRalph4Ralph RemindRalph2Ralph TIChngAnna1Anna TIChng
Watch...In tervene Investiga te
10:14:34 12/15/9600:00Request
X
Time/DateStatus Evidence SourceAge10:14:34 12/15/9600:00
Auto Filter ACKEmergencyEmergency
ResponseTypeTrip
Overhead Receiver Pressur e PC204
PV SP OP
14
13
12
11
30 Minu te
100
80
60
40
20
00
HistoryLogAdvisory HistoryLogAdvisory UIN Libra ry UIN Libra ry ChronicAlarmsActive U INActive U INTrend Trend Trend
9:44:34 12/15/96
10 :14 :34 12/15/9600:15PVDEVHI
Edi t>>Deactivate New >>
NameRalph15
AuthorRalph FIDev
JoeTimeJoe F RemindAnna5Anna TimerRalph6Ralph FIDevRalph4Ralph RemindRalph2Ralph TIChngAnna1Anna TIChng
Watch...In tervene Investiga te
10:14:34 12/15/9600:00Request
HCOLCOH NaphthaOv erheadWaste Heat Riser/RegenFractiona torCombustion AirFeed Preheat
ConfigureSpecsLogNoteControl
CompressorRefluxEvidenceReceiver
HCOHCOLCOLCOH NaphthaH NaphthaOv erheadOv erheadOv erheadWaste Heat Riser/RegenFractiona torCombustion AirFeed Preheat
ConfigureSpecsLogNoteControl
CompressorRefluxRefluxEvidenceEvidenceEvidenceReceiver
HCOLCOH NaphthaOverheadWaste Heat Riser/RegenFractionatorCombustion AirFeed Preheat
ConfigureSpecsLogNoteControl
CompressorRefluxEv idenceReceiver
HCOHCOLCOLCOH NaphthaH NaphthaOverheadOverheadOverheadWaste Heat Riser/RegenFractionatorCombustion AirFeed Preheat
ConfigureSpecsLogNoteControl
CompressorRefluxRefluxEv idenceEv idenceEv idenceReceiver
Documentation Task Window Goals/Plans/Actions Window
Specifications on
Things
•This is a
• string of text
•Describing s
•stuff
Diagnostic Window
Status Window
Notifications Window Operations Window Operations Window
•malfunction
•goals
•alarms
•message
•plan 1 status
•plan 2 status
•plant3 status
•plan 4 status
•plan 5 status
Page 12 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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The Instantiation of the initial ASM Operator Interface ConceptThe Instantiation of the initial ASM Operator Interface Concept
For Proactive Monitoring:
• Simultaneous, integrated view of increasing plant detail
• Integrated Trending
• Integrated alarm management into graphics and navigation tabs
For Fast Response:
• Multi-windowing with controlled window management
• “Yoked” navigation between display levels
• Tabbed navigation within a display level
• Graphics design – e.g., Color-coding only for critical information – like alarms, No 3D graphical
objects, etc.
• Right-mouse click access to online documentation – e.g., Alarm Objective Analysis documents, procedures, etc.
Page 13 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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ASM-style Operator Interface Case StudyASM-style Operator Interface Case Study
vs. vs. ASM-style Console Simulator
GG
GG
G GPCPC
ASM-style Console SimulatorASM-style Console Simulator
GG
GG
G GPCPC
GU U
U GG U
U
Traditional Console Simulator
GU U
U GG U
U
Traditional Console Simulator ASM-Style Console Simulator
Page 14 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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ASM Style
Case Study ResultsPre-Test ResultsCase Study ResultsPre-Test Results
• No average differences between the two groups of operators for:
– Years of experience as an operator
– Years of experience as an operator at this company
– Years of experience as a console operator
– # of process areas qualified in
Group Comparison Metrics
Page 15 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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TraditionalTraditional ASMASM--StyleStyle
Case Study ResultsScenario Evaluation ResultsCase Study ResultsScenario Evaluation Results
• The operators using the ASM-style interface took significantly less time to deal with the event and as a group, were more consistent in doing so!
– An average of 10.6 minutes vs. 18.1 minutes for those using the traditional console
– A 41% improvement
Operator performance measure: Total Completion Time
Page 16 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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Case Study ResultsScenario Evaluation ResultsCase Study ResultsScenario Evaluation Results
• Detecting the event BEFORE the first alarm
– On average, operators using the ASM-style interface detected an event before the alarm 48% of the time
– A 38% improvement
• Successful completion of the scenario
– On average, operators using the ASM-style interface successfully dealt with the situation 96% of the time
– A 26% improvement
Operator performance measures:
Interface Type Scenario
Traditional Human-centered
1 60% 100%
2 70% 100%
3 80% 91%
4 70% 91%
Mean 70.0% 95.5%
Interface Type Scenario
Traditional Human-centered
1 0% 27%
2 10% 82%
3 10% 82%
4 20% 0%
Mean 10.0% 47.7%
ASM-style
ASM-style
Page 17 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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Economic Impact EstimationEconomic Impact Estimation
• The estimated total economic savings for the unit with the traditional console (a 1.8 Blb/year ethylene plant), were it to adopt the ASM-style interface was
– On average, $1,090K CAD/year (~$870K USD/year, circa 2005)
– The median (considered most likely) was $1,000K CAD/year(~$800K USD/year, circa 2005)
Page 18 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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ASM Supervisory Control Model ASM Supervisory Control Model
• Based on traditional Human Information Processing model
• Includes Psychological stages of Situation Awareness
Operator Mental & Physical Activities
Situation Awareness (1-3)
Inputs from Process
(sensors, analyzers, radios, video, instructions, sounds &
smells)
(1) Sensing, Perception,
and/or Discrimination
(2) Analysis, Interpretation,
and/or(3) Projection
Physical and/or Verbal
Response
Outputs to Process(SP, OP%, Manual
adjustments)
External Feedback
Internal Feedback
Assessing
EvaluatingOrienting Acting
Process
StateOperator Mental & Physical Activities
-
Inputs from Process
(sensors, analyzers, radios, video, instructions, sounds &
smells)
(1) Sensing, Perception,
and/or Discrimination
(2) Analysis, Interpretation,
and/or(3) Projection
Physical and/or Verbal
Response
Outputs to Process(SP, OP%, Manual
adjustments)
External Feedback
Internal Feedback
Assessing
EvaluatingOrienting Acting
Process
State
Situation Awareness (1 3)
Operator Mental & Physical Activities
Situation Awareness (1-3)
Inputs from Process
(sensors, analyzers, radios, video, instructions, sounds &
smells)
(1) Sensing, Perception,
and/or Discrimination
(2) Analysis, Interpretation,
and/or(3) Projection
Physical and/or Verbal
Response
Outputs to Process(SP, OP%, Manual
adjustments)
External Feedback
Internal Feedback
Assessing
EvaluatingOrienting Acting
Process
StateOperator Mental & Physical Activities
-
Inputs from Process
(sensors, analyzers, radios, video, instructions, sounds &
smells)
(1) Sensing, Perception,
and/or Discrimination
(2) Analysis, Interpretation,
and/or(3) Projection
Physical and/or Verbal
Response
Outputs to Process(SP, OP%, Manual
adjustments)
External Feedback
Internal Feedback
Assessing
EvaluatingOrienting Acting
Process
State
Situation Awareness (1 3)
Page 19 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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Managing Abnormal SituationsSome Influences on Intervention SuccessManaging Abnormal SituationsSome Influences on Intervention Success
Orienting
EvaluatingActing
Assessing
• Information overload
• Missing information
• Inappropriate level of detail
• Vigilance decrement
• Difficult navigation
• Distracting environment
• Inconsistent information
• Inaccurate information
• Conflicting priorities
• Lack of knowledge
• Inappropriate detail
• Poor information accessibility
• Inadequate communications
• Deficient / complex procedures
• Fail to follow procedures
• Inappropriate actions
• Lack of experience
• Inadequate feedback
• Lack “big picture” view
• Inaccurate information
• Inadequate information
• Erroneous conclusions
Page 20 ASM Consortium Proprietary
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Effective Operator Display Design Document OverviewEffective Operator Display Design Document Overview
• Sixteen Guideline Categories– Display Types, Display Content, Display Style,
Display Layout
– Color, Symbols and Process Connections, Text and Numbers
– Navigation, Interaction and Displays
– Alarm Configuration Scheme, Audible Annunciation for Alarms, Visual Annunciation for Alarms
– Training Program, Online Guidance, Design Methodology, Management of Change
• 81 guidelines in total across these 16 categories
• Guidelines are prioritized – Priority “1” – rated as one of the minimum set of
guidelines for achieving an ASM good quality practice.
– Priority “2” – one of the comprehensive set of guidelines for achieving an ASM high quality practice.
– Priority “3” – one of the advanced set of guidelines for achieving an ASM best practice
Page 21 ASM Consortium Proprietary
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Guideline Structure – p. 1Guideline Structure – p. 1
6.1 Use a minimum of color codes consistently across display hierarchy levels.
Priority 1
Why? Consistent, distinguishable color codes allow operators to learn the codes and the meaning behind them.
How it WorksThe number of colors used to code categories of objects should be kept to seven or less, and be consistently applied. Seven corresponds to the number of items that can generally be kept in short term memory (Wickens and Hollands, 1999). The seven color codes do not limit the coding of other information separate from the category information. For example, an unacknowledged, high alarm could be a brighter, more saturated yellow, which is distinct from an acknowledged high alarm that would be a paler, less saturated yellow. These two ‘states’ of high alarms are distinct from red color-coded emergency alarms, which are either more or less saturated depending on their state of acknowledgement.
In general, color coding to indicate materials in process lines is not recommended in normal display view because it can draw the operator’s attention away from more critical information. If one insists on showing lines colored based on material they contain, then colors should be implemented such that they can be toggled on and off (or show this representation in a view generated by the IT system supporting the plant).
Page 22 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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Guideline Structure – p. 1Guideline Structure – p. 1
6.1 Use a minimum of color codes consistently across display hierarchy levels.
Priority 1
Why? Consistent, distinguishable color codes allow operators to learn the codes and the meaning behind them.
How it WorksThe number of colors used to code categories of objects should be kept to seven or less, and be consistently applied. Seven corresponds to the number of items that can generally be kept in short term memory (Wickens and Hollands, 1999). The seven color codes do not limit the coding of other information separate from the category information. For example, an unacknowledged, high alarm could be a brighter, more saturated yellow, which is distinct from an acknowledged high alarm that would be a paler, less saturated yellow. These two ‘states’ of high alarms are distinct from red color-coded emergency alarms, which are either more or less saturated depending on their state of acknowledgement.
In general, color coding to indicate materials in process lines is not recommended in normal display view because it can draw the operator’s attention away from more critical information. If one insists on showing lines colored based on material they contain, then colors should be implemented such that they can be toggled on and off (or show this representation in a view generated by the IT system supporting the plant).
Page 23 ASM Consortium Proprietary
ASM
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Guideline Structure – p. 1Guideline Structure – p. 1
6.1 Use a minimum of color codes consistently across display hierarchy levels.
Priority 1
Why? Consistent, distinguishable color codes allow operators to learn the codes and the meaning behind them.
How it WorksThe number of colors used to code categories of objects should be kept to seven or less, and be consistently applied. Seven corresponds to the number of items that can generally be kept in short term memory (Wickens and Hollands, 1999). The seven color codes do not limit the coding of other information separate from the category information. For example, an unacknowledged, high alarm could be a brighter, more saturated yellow, which is distinct from an acknowledged high alarm that would be a paler, less saturated yellow. These two ‘states’ of high alarms are distinct from red color-coded emergency alarms, which are either more or less saturated depending on their state of acknowledgement.
In general, color coding to indicate materials in process lines is not recommended in normal display view because it can draw the operator’s attention away from more critical information. If one insists on showing lines colored based on material they contain, then colors should be implemented such that they can be toggled on and off (or show this representation in a view generated by the IT system supporting the plant).
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Guideline Structure – p. 2 Guideline Structure – p. 2
Example The example shows a very simple but effective color scheme. Gray and half-tones are used for piping and equipment. Three priorities for alarm – low, high, and emergency priority – are shown in half-saturated light blue (acknowledge), saturated orange-yellow (unacknowledged), and saturated red (unacknowledged), respectively. This clear color scheme can be used consistently and will be easily remembered. In addition, off-normal operating conditions are also highlighted with a non-alarm color.
Figure 6.1. Color codes in this example include: Light blue for low-priority alarms, orange-yellow for high-priority alarms, red for emergency-priority alarms (and pale red for acknowledged emergency-priority alarms, magenta for off-normal operating conditions.
Main Fractionator Overhead
Sour H2O
Flare
T200
D200
C205
VRU
Fuel Gas T203
E209
123.4
mscfh
123.4
psi
123.4
psi
Naphtha
Slop
123.4
bpd
123.4
F
123.4
Amp
123.4
%
123.4
F
123.4
bpd
123.4
bpd
123.4
F
123.4
F
123.4
F
123.4
psi
123.4
%
E
H
123.4
%
L
M
E
CWR CWS
E210
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Guideline Content ReviewGuideline Content Review
• Next few slides show:
– Guideline statement for each of the sixteen categories
– Indications where significant pitfalls occur
• Presenter will speak to
– Intent of category
– Key aspects of significant pitfalls
• Expect audience to
– Read guideline statements
– Ask clarification questions
– Save detailed questions and comments for later discussion
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Guideline Category OneGuideline Category One
Display Types - Support the range of operator tasks and interactions through various display types
# Priority Guideline
1.1 1 Use a process overview display for operator span of control.
1.2 2 Use a standard display hierarchy to represent the multi-level views necessary for monitoring and control.
1.3 2 Use multi-level views based on the process equipment hierarchy for monitoring and control.
1.4 2 Use multi-level views based on important functional relations for monitoring and control.
1.5 2 Use dedicated displays to support response to critical upset conditions.
1.6 2 Ensure that each console has at least the minimum number of screens to effectively support different operating modes, such as startup, shutdown, grade transition, and significant upset.
1.7 3 Use dedicated displays to support routine activities, such as mode or product transitions.
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“Area 1 Overview”
“Area 2 Overview”
“Area 3 Overview”
!
“Area 1 –Detail 3”
“Area 1 –Detail 1”
“Area 4 Overview”
“Area 1 –Detail 2”
“Area 2 –Detail 1”
“Area 2 –Detail 2”
“Area 3 –Detail 1”
“Area 3 –Detail 2”
“Area 4 –Detail 1”
“Area 3 –Detail 3”
“Area 4 –Detail 3”
!
!
!!
!
!!
!
!
!
!
!
Use of Overview DisplayUse of Overview Display
Not Recommended Recommended
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Guideline Category TwoGuideline Category Two
Display Content - Support all operator monitoring, troubleshooting and control activities with all essential information
# Priority Guideline
2.1 1 Ensure that display content supports all operator activities.
2.2 1 Ensure that the display refresh rate is appropriate to the dynamics of the system being monitored and is at least twice the dominant process time constant but not more than ½ second.
2.3 1 Use trend displays when operators must make decisions about the performance of a variable or variables over time.
2.4 2 Ensure that trend displays provide the operator with the flexibility to change the display features.
2.5 2 Ensure that the number of displays is at a minimum and appropriate for operator tasks.
2.6 2 Ensure that interlock and permissive status with supporting information is available as required.
2.7 3 Use context sensitive techniques to access information that is conditionally relevant.
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Level 1 OverviewDisplay Window
NotificationsDisplay Window
Level 2 DisplayWindow
Level 3 DisplayWindow
Level 4
Operating Displays
Level 2 DisplayWindow
Level 3 DisplayWindow
Operating Displays
Trends Trends
Trends Level 4 TrendsTrend Faceplate Trend Faceplate
Trends DisplayWindows
Trends DisplayWindows
Use of TrendsUse of Trends
Pre-configured Trend Overview Displays
Dynamic Faceplate Trend
Pre-configured On-Demand Trends
User-selected On-Demand Trends
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Guideline Category ThreeGuideline Category Three
Display Style - Ensure that displays are not overly complex or cluttered due to the inappropriate use of full intensity colors and graphical details
# Priority Guideline
3.1 1 Ensure that the overall style incorporates an effective use of half-intensity colors to allow equipment and flow lines to appear as part of the display background.
3.2 1 Ensure that the overall style uses animation effectively, where appropriate, to communicate process-critical or safety-related activity.
3.3 1 Depict equipment without excessive detail to facilitate quick identification.
3.4 2 Minimize the complexity of equipment and control relationships, presenting them in a single view.
3.5 2 Make detailed information, such as tag names, available if needed.
3.6 2 Ensure that the overall style depicts 3D objects effectively.
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Use of Half-Intensity ColorUse of Half-Intensity Color
Main Fractionator Overhead
Sour H2O
Flare
T200
D200
C205
VRU
Fuel Gas T203
E209
123.4
psi
123.4
mscfh
123.4
psi
123.4
psi
Naphtha
Slop
123.4
bpd
123.4
F
123.4
Amp
123.4
%
123.4
F123.4
%
123.4
bpd
123.4
bpd
123.4
F
123.4
F
123.4
F
CWR CWS
E210 123.4
%
Main Fractionator Overhead
Sour H2O
Flare
T200
D200
C205
VRU
Fuel Gas T203
E209
123.4
psi
123.4
mscfh
123.4
psi
123.4
psi
Naphtha
Slop
123.4
bpd
123.4
F
123.4
Amp
123.4
%
123.4
F123.4
%
123.4
bpd
123.4
bpd
123.4
F
123.4
F
123.4
F
CWR CWS
E210 123.4
%
Recommended Not Recommended
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Use of 3-D techniqueUse of 3-D technique
• 3-D brings objects to foregroundRecommended Not Recommended
Not Recommended
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Guideline Category FourGuideline Category Four
Display Layout – Use a consistent arrangement of objects and information across similar displays that is appropriate to process behaviors
# Priority Guideline
4.1 1 Develop consistent display layouts that are appropriate to process behaviors.
4.2 1 Ensure that the direction of flow is consistent to improve readability of the displays.
4.3 2 Ensure that the display layout emphasizes important information.
4.4 2 Distinguish similar processes in parallel trains with visual coding.
4.5 2 Ensure that layouts capitalize on maximizing operator retention of information in short-term memory.
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Guideline Category FiveGuideline Category Five
Navigation - Facilitate quick, direct access to primary displays and minimal keystrokes to secondary and associated displays
# Priority Guideline
5.1 1 Ensure that the navigation scheme is fairly simple and flat.
5.2 1 Ensure good organization to allow for direct access to primary displays and intuitive access to non-primary displays.
5.3 1 Ensure that navigation to primary displays is possible without the use of a display menu directory.
5.4 1 Ensure the soft-key configuration follows a systematic, conceptual organization for position layout and grouping if soft keys are used for calling up displays.
5.5 1 Ensure that the display call-up time averages 1 second and does not exceed 3 seconds in supporting navigation to operating displays (for real-time monitoring and control).
5.6 3 Use yoking to automate navigation to corresponding objects or information across simultaneous views in multi-level displays.
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Effective Navigation SchemesEffective Navigation Schemes
This navigation scheme is a strict drill-down and –up scheme from the current display; requires 6 mouse clicks to get from a to b.
A B1
2
3
All level 2 displays accessible from any location; level 3 and 4 displays context dependent on location; per tab navigation scheme
A B1
2
34
5
6
Level 4 Display
Level 3 Display
Level 2 Display
Level 1 Display
Blue lines indicate number of mouse clicks to navigate to display levels
RecommendedNot Recommended
Deep Navigation Scheme with 4 Display Levels
Shallow Navigation Scheme with 4 Display Levels
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Guideline Category SixGuideline Category Six
Color – Use color to facilitate the discrimination of the most important information and conveys the information consistently throughout the control room work environment
# Priority Guideline
6.1 1 Use a minimum of color codes consistently across display hierarchy levels.
6.2 1 Use red and yellow for alarms only.
6.3 1 Ensure that color combinations provide acceptable and sufficient contrast.
6.4 1 Avoid color combinations that are confusing for colorblind perception.
6.5 1 Use brightness coding sparingly for salience coding.
6.6 2 Use a display background color that maximizes the overall readability without causing unnecessary eyestrain or fatigue over time.
6.7 2 Ensure that color is a redundant, visual coding of information.
6.8 2 Ensure that color codes avoid conflicts with cultural stereotypes and industry standards.
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Use of Minimum Color CodesUse of Minimum Color CodesMain Fractionator Overhead
Sour H2O
Flare
T200
D200
C205
VRU
Fuel Gas T203
E209
123.4
mscfh
123.4
psi
123.4
psi
Naphtha
Slop
123.4
bpd
123.4
F
123.4
Amp
123.4
%
123.4
F
123.4
bpd
123.4
bpd
123.4
F
123.4
F
123.4
F
123.4
psi
123.4
%
E
H
123.4
%
L
M
E
CWR CWS
E210
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ASM
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Effective Color CombinationsEffective Color Combinations
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Possible
Background Color
Possible
Vessel Color
Possible Label and/or
Main Flow Color
Possible Color for Dynamic
Equipment Information
(e.g., Motor Run, Valve
Open, Level Indicator Fill)
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Effective Background Colors Effective Background Colors
• Drive towards appropriate ambient light levels to support
– Support circadian rhythms
– Support visual Acuity for non-display tasks
– Reduce eye strain
– Align with ISO standards for ambient light levels
• Interacting issues
– Luminous Contrast – (1) vs. (2) vs. (3)
– Visual acuity as a function of background color (4) A A
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Recommended
Not Recommended
Not Recommended
RecommendedNot
Recommended
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Guideline Category SevenGuideline Category Seven
Symbols and Process Connections - Symbols and process connections are depicted in a meaningful and consistent manner
# Priority Guideline
7.1 1 Use symbol and line coding that is easily understood with appropriate salience.
7.2 2 Use a consistently coded, minimal number of line types.
7.3 2 Use a minimalist approach when using lines to show controller and output relations.
7.4 2 Use symbols that are consistent with industry standards and site conventions.
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Guideline Category EightGuideline Category Eight
Text and Numbers - Information presented with text and numbers should be legible and easily understood from the operator's typical position
# Priority Guideline
8.1 1 Use text and numbers that are legible for the user’s typical position.
8.2 1 Use coding and abbreviations that are consistent and understandable to users.
8.3 1 Ensure that users easily understand messages.
8.4 2 Use mixed-case lettering for text messages.
8.5 2 Use consistent numeric formats to enable quick reading.
8.6 2 Use numbers that have the appropriate level of precision.
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Effective Text/Object SizeEffective Text/Object Size
Running
Running
Decoke
Mode
Coker Furnaces
NOxCOO2
P1
P2
P3
P4
Naphtha Steam Fuel Gas Outlet TempFrac Btm
P5
P6
Skin Temp
Recommended Text/Object Sizes for Console Workstation
Perceived Size of Same Display on Off-Console Display at 12 ft. from console
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Effective Text/Object SizeEffective Text/Object Size
• 12 point font has ~24° visual angle at 3ft
• 42 point font has same visual angle at 10 ft
10’
3’
24 °
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Guideline Category NineGuideline Category Nine
Interactions with Displays - Input mechanisms are accessible with minimal keystrokes and with appropriate error avoidance techniques
# Priority Guideline
9.1 1 Use error avoidance techniques to prevent order of magnitude data entry errors on control actions.
9.2 1 Ensure that accurate, timely feedback is given for data entry and control actions.
9.3 1 Ensure that modal dialog boxes are not used.
9.4 1 Ensure that field devices incorporate password protection.
9.5 1 Minimize the amount of typing that is required with field devices.
9.6 2 Use input dialogs that are simple, consistent, and reliable.
9.7 2 Ensure that the size and distance between selectable display objects is appropriate to the precision enabled by the pointing device.
9.8 3 Ensure that an auditory indication is given when an invalid entry is detected when error avoidance techniques are applied.
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Guideline Category TenGuideline Category Ten
Alarm Configuration Scheme - Make appropriate use of a priority scheme through rationalization with criticality of the plant condition and urgency of the operator response
# Priority Guideline
10.1 1 Ensure that displays are available to view disabled and inhibited alarms.
10.2 2 Use a formal process to define and maintain alarm configuration.
10.3 2 Use appropriate integration of DCS and hard-wired panel alarms.
10.4 2 Provide information on alarm configuration settings that deviate from the designed values.
10.5 3 Provide access to alarm rationalization information.
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Guideline Category ElevenGuideline Category Eleven
Audible Annunciation of Alarms - The audible annunciation of alarms effectively orients operators within their workspace without unnecessarily disturbing them or distracting others working near them
# Priority Guideline
11.1 1 Ensure alarms have the appropriate intensity to be audible.
11.2 2 Have a priority-based, audible bypass for upset conditions.
11.3 2 Have distinctive tones for priority with effective console isolation.
11.4 3 Use modulating pitch and intensity to indicate duration/recurrence.
11.5 3 Use a vibrate mechanism to indicate an alarm for field environments or for process control operators who carry mobile or paging systems.
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Guideline Category TwelveGuideline Category Twelve
Visual Annunciation of Alarms - The visual annunciation of alarms effectively orients users to the nature, status and location of abnormal process conditions
# Priority Guideline
12.1 1 Ensure that critical information, such as the alarm summary process overview, is within a 30 degree maximum angle on the horizontal plane.
12.2 1 Use redundant indication of critical alarms in control/monitor displays.
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Console View AnglesConsole View Angles
• Dimensions influencing effective viewinga. Eye height of viewer
» Sitting and standing height
» 95th percentile male & 5th percentile female
b. Distance from viewer
» also determines appropriate display object and text size
c. Height of screen
» Ceiling height is a limiting factor
d. View angle over console screens
» >10° outside primary and secondary view angles requires head movement
» Exceeds viewing angle for critical information, i.e., will not draw attention
B
-15°
10°
-50°
b
a
c
d
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Guideline Category ThirteenGuideline Category Thirteen
Training Program - Users of the console information system and devices receive adequate training appropriate to their required use to perform job-related activities
# Priority Guideline
13.1 1 Ensure that all console- and field-certified users receive training or change notices on their respective operating display modifications/additions.
13.2 2 Ensure that all users of information display systems (console or mobile devices) receive initial and refresher training and qualification testing appropriate to their job activities.
13.3 3 Ensure that simulation-based training is provided for task-specific learning: upset management, startup, and shutdown.
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Guideline Category FourteenGuideline Category Fourteen
Online Guidance - Users are able to easily access information about console usage to learn or remember infrequently used functions
# Priority Guideline
14.1 1 Ensure that on-line user guidance is provided for task-specific applications.
14.2 3 Ensure that on-line user guidance is provided for infrequently used functionality.
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Guideline Category FifteenGuideline Category Fifteen
Design Methodology - The system developers follow a formal, user-centered design methodology that includes user participation and assessment of information requirements of important user activities
# Priority Guideline
15.1 1 Ensure that there is user involvement in development activities.
15.2 1 Use task analysis to determine functional organization and content.
15.3 1 Use design specifications for consistent implementation.
15.4 2 Use human factors and Best Practice design guidelines.
15.5 3 Ensure there is site-wide collaboration in development and maintenance of information systems.
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Guideline Category SixteenGuideline Category Sixteen
Management of Change - The plant Management of Change procedure addresses major changes to the information displays and input devices
# Priority Guideline
16.1 1 Ensure that MOC covers major changes in design of operator displays and devices.
16.2 1 Ensure that MOC covers permanent changes in alarm configuration.
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How to Use these GuidelinesHow to Use these Guidelines
• Auditing existing practices– Gap analysis for opportunities for improvement
• Establishing consistent operator interface practices– Incorporation into a company’s own guidelines or style guide
– A guide to setting up or improving a site’s operator graphics and console configuration
– A guide for evaluating DCS information system capabilities
• Educating site personnel on effective operator interface design practices
– Management, Engineering, and Operations;
– Individuals that design the DCS graphics and other information systems (e.g., site intranets / business applications for Operator use)
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Effective Operator Interface Development Life CycleEffective Operator Interface Development Life Cycle
5. UsabilityEvaluation
3. InterfaceDesign
2. RequirementsGeneration
1. Knowledgeacquisition
4. InterfaceImplementation
Operator Interface
Development Phases
Interaction Requirements
Methodswhite paper
Effective Operator Display DesignASM Guidelines
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User Interface DesignUser Interface Design
Human Centered Design
• Semantics of UI
– Defining the meaningful dialog in the human-machine system interactions
• Emphasis on user- and task-modeling
• Impacts system functionality
• UI features
– Functional decomposition
– Navigation scheme
– Visualization techniques
– Information content
Human Factored Design
• Syntactics of UI
– Defining the consistent, human-friendly grammar for dialog in the system interactions
• Emphasis on human capabilities and limitations, i.e., memory, selective attentions, calculation skills, reading skills
• Impacts appearance of information presentation and input protocol
• UI features
– Screen Layout and Density
– Use of visual coding
– Font Conventions
Page 56 ASM Consortium Proprietary
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ASM and Abnormal Situation Management are U.S. registered trademarks of Honeywell International, Inc.
Human Centered SolutionsHuman Centered Solutions
Helping People PerformHelping People Perform
www.applyHCS.comwww.applyHCS.com
User Interface DesignUser Interface Design
Human Centered Design
• Semantics of UI
– Defining the meaningful dialog in the human-machine system interactions
• Emphasis on user- and task-modeling
• Impacts system functionality
• UI features
– Functional decomposition
– Navigation scheme
– Visualization techniques
– Information content
Human Factored Design
• Syntactics of UI
– Defining the consistent, human-friendly grammar for dialog in the system interactions
• Emphasis on human capabilities and limitations, i.e., memory, selective attentions, calculation skills, reading skills
• Impacts appearance of information presentation and input protocol
• UI features
– Screen Layout and Density
– Use of visual coding
– Font Conventions
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Helping People PerformHelping People Perform
www.applyHCS.comwww.applyHCS.com
Concluding CommentsConcluding Comments
• Appendix provides a “wholistic” example / counter-example of guidelines
• Interactions between guidelines –and how they are implemented – arejust as important as the individual guidelines themselves
• Be careful of evaluating designs, style guides, libraries, etc. on an individual guideline-by-guideline basis
PI201
18.71
PSI
TI201
280.03
FFC201
4608.23
BPD
LC204
25
%
LI214
85
%
FC214
1308.29
BPD
FC234
13.29
KBPD
PC106
15.73
PSIG
PC105
18.70
PSIG
TI213
89.03
F
TI223
440.06
F
AI241
320.78
AM PS
D200
T2
03
T200
E209E210
C205
P211
P212P210
P209
TI202
281.53
DEG F TI203
200.09
DEGF
LI224
95
%
NAPHTHA
VRU
FL ARE
SOUR
W TR
SL OP
CSR
CWS
FUEL
GAS
FI226
400.312
M SCFD
PI115
10.77
PSIG
FI204
000.00
MSCFD
T200 FRAC OVRHD
T200 TEMPS
1-28 1.53 DEGF
2-28 0.03 DEGF
3-27 1.89 DEGF
4-26 6.00 DEGF
5-25 5.44 DEGF
6-25 4.99 DEGF
7-26 6.92 DEGF
50%
100%
0%85%
15%
65%
The Whole is Greater than the Sum
of the Parts
Main Fractionator Overhead
Sour H2O
Flare
T200
D200
C205
VRU
Fuel Gas T203
E209
123.4
mscfh
123.4
psi
123.4
psi
Naphtha
Slop
123.4
bpd
123.4
F
123.4
Amp
123.4
%
123.4
F
123.4
bpd
123.4
bpd
123.4
F
123.4
F
123.4
F
123.4
psi
123.4
%
E
H
123.4
%
L
M
E
CWR CWS
E210
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Webinar Discussion TimeWebinar Discussion Time
• Any additional questions and/or comments on the Webinar coverage of the Effective
Operator Display Design Guidelines
• The guidelines document is available on the ASM web site at
– https://www.createspace.com/3355979
Or
– http://www.amazon.com
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Human Centered SolutionsHuman Centered Solutions
Helping People PerformHelping People Perform
www.applyHCS.comwww.applyHCS.com
Poll Slide 3 (Placeholder)Poll Slide 3 (Placeholder)
• How much value was there for you in attending today’s webinar?
– Significant value – worth my time and I would recommend it to others
– Moderate value – worth my time but not sure I would recommend it to others
– Marginal value – probably worth my time
– No value – was not worth my time today
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ASM
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ASM and Abnormal Situation Management are U.S. registered trademarks of Honeywell International, Inc.
Human Centered SolutionsHuman Centered Solutions
Helping People PerformHelping People Perform
www.applyHCS.comwww.applyHCS.com
ASM® Webinar: Effective Operator Display Design GuidelinesASM® Webinar: Effective Operator Display Design Guidelines
• For follow up questions please contact:
– Dal Vernon Reising – dreising@applyhcs.com
– Peter Bullemer – pbullemer@applyhcs.com
– Jason Laberge – jason.laberge@honeywell.com
• The guidelines book is available on:
– https://www.createspace.com/3355979
Or
– http://www.amazon.com
Thank you for your attendance.Thank you for your attendance.
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