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2014
Biodiversity of the mangrove and restinga
endophytic fungi: molecular analysis and
insecticidal activity of metabolites
Apresentação do LAQUIBIO na Universidade de Bath – Inglaterra
Dra. Maria das Graças Machado Freire – ISECENSA – Brazil
June 2014
Brazilian coast
Brazil
Restinga
Mangrove
RESTINGA
restinga
E
F
G
H
Sandbanks
In the north of Rio de
Janeiro state there are
expressive restingas
areas
Plant species can be divided into three basic types of training: region of grass near the sea; beach region with clamps and region of restinga forest
The restingas are characterized by a low plain with mild ondulations
The restingas are highlighted by the large areas they occupy and the formation of
an ecosystem that has a close relationship with the sea
The topography is an important factor of this ecosystem influencing on the
distribution of the vegetation along the coast
The sandy plains are the substrate for various plant communities and are adapted
to physical and environmental conditions
The vegetation becomes dense by the remoteness of the sea to get a higher
scale in the Restinga Forest
The threat posed by real estate
speculation and illegal extraction
of sand: factors that can lead to
the loss of diversity and changes
in the dynamics of environmental
processes that involve the
maintenance of the local
vegetation
MANGROVE
Mangroves are coastal ecosystems, found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.
Mangroves
Unlike other tropical forests,
mangroves forests are
composed of a relatively
small number of tree and
shrub plant species.
Mangroves are pointed as one
of the most productive
ecosystems in the world.
Mangroves represent a
refuge for many birds
species in a dynamic state
due to intense biological
activity and the reserve of
nutrients and energy in the
long term.
Impacts related to
eutrophication, unplanned
coastal development,
unsustainable exploitation
of resources and
aquaculture are frequent
along the tropical and
subtropical coastlines
MANGROVE - SOURCE OF LIFE AND FOOD:
RESPECT IT!
THESE ARE EMPTY WORDS
Buildings within the Atafona
mangrove
There is little information about the biodiversity of fungi
in mangrove vegetation and restinga and mainly, about
endophytic fungi
Angiosperms Fungi
Mangrove Restinga Total Mangrove Restinga Total
Family/Order 16 90 194 9 9 35
Genus 26 267 1461 9 10 160
Species 29 549 7162 5 7 546
Subspecies - 22 152 - - -
Variety - 34 388 - - 18
Total in Brazil - - 32162 - - 4674
List of Brazil Flora Species . Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro. Available at: <http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/>. Access
on: 29 Apr. 2014
Mangroves and sandbanks species of flora in the State of Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil - 2014
The highest diversity occurs between the vegetable.
There are many species in restinga and few in mengrove.
Little is known about the lichenized fungi and pathogenic fungi
Leaf spot Late blight Dry rot
Lichenized fungi
Isolation of endophytic fungi
Fungal
Diversity
Production of fungal metabolites
The described populations of
endophytic strains are few, which
means the opportunity to find new
strains and targeting natural products
from endophytic microorganisms that
colonize plants in different niches and
ecosystems is great.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI EXTRACTS
The mechanism or process underlying the production of the plant secondary metabolites by
the endophytic fungi remains enigmatic. Even today it is believed and not proven that the
reason why some endophytes produce certain phytochemicals, originally characteristic of the
host, might be due to a genetic recombination of the endophyte with the host in evolutionary time.
In agriculture, the fungal substances may
represent a sustainable alternative to synthetic pesticides, whose use has been rejected by society and heavily
controlled by government authorities due to their deleterious effects on human health and the
environment.
INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF FUNGAL METABOLITES
LARVICIDAL EFFECT OF FUNGAL METABOLITES
● Isolated endophytes of Picea rubens: effect on Choristoneura fumiferana larvae, acting as appetite inhibitor
● Aspergillus fumigatus isolated of the Melia azedarach: inhibitory action of appetite on Mythimna separata larvae
● Penicillium sp, isolated from roots of Derris elliptica: strong inhibitory activity of the appetite on Plutella xylostella larvae and toxicity to aphids Lipaphis erysimi
CONTROL
Effect of the
Alternaria sp.
metabolites (AltE7) on
the development of
S. frugiperda larvae
LARVICIDAL EFFECT OF FUNGAL METABOLITES: MECHANISMS OF ACTION
• Trypsin and chymotrypsin are the bestknown serine proteases and are exclusively expressed in the digestive tract and responsible for hydrolyzing proteins, which ultimately provide nutrients to the body.
Dosage of trypsin and chymotrypsin in S.
frugiperda larvae fed with fungal
metabolites
Thus, our research was aimed at
identifying the metabolites of endophytic
fungi, and evaluating the larvicide activity
of the different growth stages, by means of
mortality assays, trypsin, chymotrypsin
and acetyl-cholinesterase inhibition.
LAQUIBIO
OUR RESEARCH GROUP
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