3. world farming systems

World farming systems

TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE MARKET AFRICULTURE

SPECULATIVE AGRIC. COMMERCIAL AGR.

PLANTATION AGR. INDUSTRIAL AGR.

The TRADITIONAL farming systemAlso called SUBSISTENCE agriculture.1/5 of world agriculture.Hunting, fruit gathering, nomadic agriculture

(these 3 rare nowadays) or animal husbandry are also

part of traditional farming.

TechniquesEXTENSIVE FARMING (no technology)

Burning and sowing in the

ashes

Fallow lands

SIMPLE: axe, hoe, stick…

EQUIPMENT

Crop diversity and CROPSMultiple crop: cereals and animal husbandry

Purpose of production:SELF CONSUMPTION

WorkforceFamilies, People from the community…

WHERE?

Underdeveloped countries

Ownership

COMMUNAL, public(not private)

Plantation FarmingIt originated at colonial times.Also called SPECULATIVE farming.

Techniques EXTENSIVE farming (no technologies)

Crop diversityand cropsSingle crop: Cocoa, cotton, cofee, bananas, rubber…

Purpose of production:

To obtain benefits

WorkforceNatives Slaves Wage labourers (workers who receive a salary)

Where?In or near the tropics. Underdeveloped/developing

Ownership

INDUSTRIAL FARMING This is also SPECULATIVE farming. In

fact, it’s simmilar to PLANTATION farming,

but instead of using extensive techniques,

they use INTENSIVE ones.

TECHNIQUES: Completely INTENSIVE

All the mechanical, technical and scientific advances of the green revolution are used.

EQUIPMENT: mechanical, technical and scientifical advances

Also genetical modification offood(Green Revolution)

CROP DIVERSITY and CROPSUsually SINGLE CROP

Animals, different crop

WORKFORCEWage labourers. Little labour needed as a consequence of complete mechanisation

WHERE?

Ownership

Commercial farmingFarming type specialised in certain crops as

dictated by

prices and profits. Also called MARKET farming.

It’s divided in 2 regions:

The ATLANTIC region

(where climate is Oceanic)

The MEDITERRANEAN region

(where climate is Mediterranean)

Techniques / Crop diversityBoth INTENSIVE and EXTENSIVE

Mostly SINGLE-CROP

In Oceanic climate regions…INTENSIVE CATTLE-RAISING or…

EXTENSIVE CATTLE RAISING

Pasture in grazing lands ormeadow lands

In Mediterranean climate regions…Both EXTENSIVE and INTENSIVE farming

EXTENSIVE:

ORCHARDS(oranges, Lemons…)

VINEYARDS

OLIVES

CEREAL

Or INTENSIVE farming (vegetables in greenhouses)

EQUIPMENT Advanced tools and machines

Purpose of production:

To obtain benefits

WORKFORCETemporary labour

WHERE?

Ownership