4. House example 1 Agenda for example r 1. Customer requirements r 2. Create concept r 3. Define...

4. House example1

Agenda for example 1. Customer requirements 2. Create concept 3. Define additional needs 4. Complete design 5. Define lower specs and I/Fs 6. Document design

4. House example2

1. Customer requirements

Problem statement Customer requirements

1. Customer requirements

4. House example3

Problem statement

Build a place to live for a family of four with an income of $80,000 per year

Build on speculation without specific customer in mind

Applying the design process to a define a place to live is a good test for the design process because

construction illustrates many aspects of design

Applying the design process to a define a place to live is a good test for the design process because

construction illustrates many aspects of design

1. Customer requirements

4. House example4

Customer requirements

A place to live for a family of four Costs less then $225,000

1. Customer requirements

Customer requirements are the result of translatingthe customer problem into an agreement about

the final product

Customer requirements are the result of translatingthe customer problem into an agreement about

the final product

4. House example5

2. Create conceptObjectiveTechniqueDeveloping conceptOutputs of developing

concept

2. Create concept

4. House example6

ObjectiveDefine the design sufficiently that we can

estimate cost and manage project

2. Create concept

4. House example7

Technique

Answers three questions• What are we going to build?• Can we build it?• Roughly how much will it cost to develop?

Zig-zag back and forth between asking what and then asking how

2. Create concept

4. House example8

Developing concept (1 of 9)Questions to determine what to build• Why are we building a place to live?• Profit of 20 percent

• What general characteristics must the structure have?• Attractive to customers as determined

by comparison to similar homes

• Who is the customer?• A man, a wife, and two children

Ask and answer high-level question to determine what to build

Ask and answer high-level question to determine what to build

2. Create concept

4. House example9

Developing concept (2 of 9)

• Who is the user?• The family

• What type of structure?• House• Apartment• Hotel• Recreational vehicle

2. Create concept

4. House example10

Developing concept (3 of 9)

apartment

hotel

house

rv

There are many possible solutionsThere are many possible solutions

2. Create concept

4. House example11

Developing concept (4 of 9)

house

Using the process for creating a solution, choose a single solution

Using the process for creating a solution, choose a single solution

2. Create concept

4. House example12

Developing concept (5 of 9)Questions to determine if we can build the

house and roughly what it will cost• How many square feet are in the

house?• 2500

• How many stories?• Two

• How many bedrooms?• 4

2. Create concept

Ask and answer lower-level question to determine if we can build the house and roughly how much it will cost Ask and answer lower-level question to determine if we can build the house and roughly how much it will cost

4. House example13

Developing concept (6 of 9)

• How many bathrooms?• 3

• Size of garage?• 2 cars

• Bedroom locations?• Downstairs -- master plus one• Upstairs -- two

2. Create concept

4. House example14

Developing concept (7 of 9)• Master bathroom?• Closet 1 -- 100 square

feet• Closet 2 -- 30 square feet• Bathtub• Shower• Enclosed toilet

• Garage-entry?• Rear entry

• Utility room?• Yes

2. Create concept

4. House example15

Developing concept (8 of 9)

• Living areas?• Living room• Family room• Game room

• Lot?• Dimensions• Orientations• Utility• Ally location• Existing landscape• Drainage

2. Create concept

4. House example16

Developing concept (9 of 9)

• Sink in utility room?• Yes

• Storage under stairs?• Yes

• Storage in attic?• 200 square feet, un-air-conditioned

• Trim?• Crown-molding in formal areas

• Appliances?• Middle-of-line, garage door opener

2. Create concept

4. House example17

Outputs of concept (1 of 13)

mid-level questions

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2500 square feet X X Xtwo stories X Xfour bedrooms X Xthree bathrooms X X Xtwo-car garage X Xmaster down X Xbedroom 2 down X Xbedroom 3 up X Xbedroom 4 up X Xmaster tub X Xmaster shower X Xmaster enclosed toilet X Xrear-entry garage X Xutility room X Xliving room X Xfamily room X Xgame room X X

2. Create conceptGenerate design spec to capture answers to questions Generate design spec to capture answers to questions

4. House example18

Outputs of concept (2 of 13)

low-level questions

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within lot dimensions X Xenergy-efficient orientation X Xaccess to ally X Xaccess to utilities X Xexisting landscape X Xgood drainage X Xutility room sink X Xstorage under stairs X Xstorage in attic X Xgarage door opener X X

2. Create concept

4. House example19

Outputs of concept (3 of 13)BlueprintElevationsLot planPlumbing drawingElectrical drawingHVAC drawing

2. Create concept

Create drawings to capture design Create drawings to capture design

4. House example20

Outputs of concept (4 of 13)

house

framing roofing plumbinglot lot prep found

siding insul drywallHVAC electrical mason

flooring appl landtrim painting cabinet

fence clean up materials

2. Create concept

Identify lower products Identify lower products

4. House example21

Outputs of concept (5 of 13)

1. Lot2. Lot preparation3. Foundation and concrete4. Framing5. Roofing and gutters6. Plumbing7. Heating, ventilation, and

air conditioning (HVAC)

2. Create concept

4. House example22

Outputs of concept (6 of 13)

8. Electrical9. Masonry10. Siding11. Insulation and sound proofing12. Drywall13. Trim14. Painting and wall covering

2. Create concept

4. House example23

Outputs of concept (7 of 13)

15. Cabinetry and counter tops16. Flooring, tile, and glazing17. Appliances18. Landscape and sprinkling19. Fence20. Clean up21. Materials

2. Create concept

4. House example24

Outputs of concept (8 of 13)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Product Lo

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1 Lot2 Lot prep X3 Found X X X X4 Framing X X5 Roofing X X X X X6 Plumb X X X7 HVAC X X8 Electrical X X X9 Mason X X X

10 Sidimg X X X X11 Insul X X X X12 Dywall X X X X13 Trim X X X X14 Painting X X X15 Cabinetry X X16 Flooring X X17 Appl X X X X X X18 Land X X19 Fence X X20 Clean up X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X21 Material X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Dependencies

2. Create conceptDefine dependencies Define dependencies

4. House example25

Outputs of concept (9 of N)

Plumbing• Below-foundation plumbing• Foundation• Above-foundation plumbing

Electrical• Below-foundation electrical• Foundation• Above-foundation electrical

Errors in dependencies can be worked around

2. Create concept

4. House example26

Outputs of concept (10 of 13)

Schedule • Built up on basis of dependencies

2. Create concept

Define schedule Define schedule

4. House example27

Outputs of concept (11 of 13)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Product Lo

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1 Lot2 Lot prep3 Found4 Framing5 Roofing 6 Plumb7 HVAC8 Electrical9 Mason

10 Sidimg11 Insul12 Dywall13 Trim14 Painting15 Cabinetry16 Flooring17 Appl18 Land19 Fence20 Clean up21 Material

Interfaces with

2. Create conceptDefine internal interfaces Define internal interfaces

4. House example28

Outputs of concept (12 of 13)

External interfaces• Sewage• Water• Gas • Electrical• Phone• Cable tv

2. Create concept

Define external interfaces Define external interfaces

4. House example29

Outputs of concept (13 of 13)

STUDYhigh-level questions and solutionslow-level questions and solutions

customer requirements

drawingsdrawings

2. Create concept

Capture studies and trace leading to design Capture studies and trace leading to design

4. House example30

3. Define additional needsObjectiveTechniqueMake product workMeet requirementsMake usable and meet needsProvide quality and affordability

3. Define additional needs

4. House example31

Objective

Fill out all the details of the design such that the product can be built

3. Define additional needs

4. House example32

TechniqueExpand the four areas in the complete-

design step of the design process using models and other idea-solicitation techniques

3. Define additional needs

4. House example33

Make product workAccess to HVAC equipment

3. Define additional needs

4. House example34

Meet requirementsCustomerUserEnterpriseDeveloperOther stakeholder; e.g. building

codes, standards, best practices

3. Define additional needs

4. House example35

Make usable and meet needs

LifestyleTraffic patternsPrivacy

3. Define additional needs

4. House example36

Provide quality and affordabilityEnergy considerationsReputationCostSalabilityCOTSGood neighborhoodAppearanceFlow of money -- billsEnvironmentConvenienceSite

3. Define additional needs

4. House example37

4. Complete deign

ObjectiveTechnique

4. Complete design

4. House example38

Objective

Complete the design to the point it can be built

4. Complete design

4. House example39

TechniqueImplement each requirement and

additional needs

4. Complete design

4. House example40

5. Define lower specs and I/Fs (1 of 3)

ObjectiveTechnique(1) Lot(2) Lot preparation(3) Foundation and concrete(4) Framing(5) Roofing and gutters(6) Plumbing(7) Heating, ventilation, and air

conditioning (HVAC)

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example41

Define lower specs and I/Fs (2 of 3)

(8) Electrical(9) Masonry(10) Siding(11) Insulation and sound proofing(12) Drywall(13) Trim(14) Painting and wall covering

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example42

Define lower specs and I/Fs (1 of 3)

(15) Cabinetry and counter tops(16) Flooring, tile, and glazing(17) Appliances(18) Landscape and sprinkling(19) Fence(20) Clean up(21) Materials

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example43

Objective

Flow requirements to each of the lower products to produce a set of requirements for each

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example44

Technique Flow down requirements to each lower

productDevelop a set of steps for each

implementing each lower product before and after subcontracting

Write a spec that defines the work to be done

Define a set of inspections to be performed on each lower product

Identify the science involved

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example45

(1) LotRequirements• Lot that satisfies location, orientation,

drainage, flood, location, environment, safety, and dimensions

Special considerations• Purchased separately or provided -- not

part of material

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example46

(2) Lot preparation

Requirements• Land clearing including stumps• Excavation and backfill including

drainage• Marking foundation• Trash receptacle

Special considerations• Excavation paid by hour

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example47

(3) Foundation and concreteRequirements• Footings, foundation, sidewalks, driveway• Water-proofing and drainage• Temporary sidewalks• Pest control

Special considerations• Full-service foundation company vs

individual subcontractors• Type of concrete and reinforcement• Weather and climate• Interface with plumber and pest control

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example48

(4) FramingRequirements• Framing• Sheathing• Windows and doors• Garage door

Special considerations• Paid by square foot of covered area plus

extras• May use pre-fabricated components

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example49

(5) Roofing and guttersRequirements• Roofing• Gutters including flashing

Special considerations• Roofing cost based on squares; gutter

based on linear foot; usually separate• Gutter goes on after cornice painted

and wall finished• Type of roof -- wood, asphalt, fiberglass,

aluminum, tile, concrete• Type of gutter -- aluminum, vinyl

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example50

(6) Plumbing

Requirements• Water• Sewer• Gas• Vent system

Special considerations• Septic tanks and water wells• Dependent upon local building codes• Material -- cast iron, copper, PVC, CPCV,

polybutylene

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example51

(7) HVAC

Requirements• Air-conditioner and furnace• Ducts and registers• Thermostats, humidifiers, filters

Special considerations• Cost based on capacity of system• Type -- all-electric, heat pump,

combination, alternative heating• Zoned heating

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example52

(8) Electrical

Requirements• Electrical• Telephone• Alarm• Entertainment• Computers• Temporary service

Special considerations• Cost determined by number of outlets• Wire gauges vary with load

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example53

(9) Masonry

Requirements• Bricks and concrete blocks• Stucco• Fireplaces and mail boxes

Special considerations• Type of brick• Type of stucco -- traditional vs artificial

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example54

(10) Siding

Requirements• Siding• Cornice

Special considerations• Type of siding -- cedar, plywood,

masonite, vinyl, aluminum• Type of cornice -- open vs box

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example55

(11) Insulation and soundproofing

Requirements• Sheathing• Batts• Blown-in• Soundproofing

Special considerations• Insulation type -- fiberglass vs cellulose• Weather exposure -- sunlight, wind

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example56

(12) DrywallRequirements• Drywall• Finishing drywall• Texturing

Special considerations• Dependent upon quality of framing• Extra cost for vaulted ceilings, curved

wall, and high ceilings

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example57

(13) Trim

Requirements• Doors, windows, sills, and hardware • Molding• Stairway• Fireplaces and mantels• Shelves and hangars

Special considerations• Pay by opening, cut, hour, or job• Quality of interior determined by trim

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example58

(14) Painting and wall covering

Requirements• Painting• Caulking• Wall covering

Special considerations• Type of paint -- oil, stain, latex• Characteristics of wood • Exterior wood finishes • Suitability of finishing methods • Method of application -- paint, roller, spray

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example59

(15) Cabinetry and countertops

Requirements• Kitchen cabinets• Bathroom cabinets• Countertops and vanity tops

Special considerations• Type -- custom-built vs pre-fabricated

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example60

(16) Flooring, tile, and glazing

Requirements• Carpet• Wood• Vinyl• Tile• Glazing

Special considerations• Type of flooring• Stability of foundation

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example61

(17) Appliances

Requirements• Stoves and microwave• Dish washer• Garbage disposal• Vacuum system• Intercom• Garage door opener

Special considerations• In same category as material

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example62

(18) Landscape and sprinklers

Requirements• Grading and draining• Retaining walls• Lawn• Plants• Sprinkler system

Special considerations• Weather survivability• Energy savings• Erosion protection

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example63

(19) Fence

Requirements• Poles• Fences• Gates• Preservative

Special considerations• Type of pole, material, and fence

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example64

(20) Clean up

Requirements• Make house ready to sell

Special considerations• Disposition of trash

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example65

(21) Materials

Requirements• All material not supplied by a

subcontractor• >400 types of materials

Special considerations• Cost -- bids are better than estimates• Delivery -- just-in-time vs total• Protection -- weather, fire, and theft

5. Define lower specs and interfaces

4. House example66

6. Document design

ObjectiveTechniqueDocumentation components

6. Document design

4. House example67

Objective

Capture the design description, the supporting analysis, and the management in written format

6. Document design

4. House example68

Technique

Capture each design requirementCapture each design studyTrace design requirements to higher

requirements that they verify

6. Document design

4. House example69

Documentation components (1 of 2)

design

design description

supporting analysis

managementincludingtracing

Design is documented as (1) design description, (2) supporting analysis, and (3) management including

tracing

Design is documented as (1) design description, (2) supporting analysis, and (3) management including

tracing

6. Document design

4. House example70

Documentation components (2 of 2)Design description• Customer requirements• Design requirements• Drawings• Bill of material

Supporting analysis• All studies• Cost summary

Management• Trace

6. Document design