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Affordable Housing –Indian Perspective
Migration to Urban AreasUrban population trend
328 mn 576 Million (NOW) (By 2030)
Total housing requirement Required - 26.53 million unitsAvailable - 1.82 million units
Shortage - 24.71 million units (99%) Economic Weaker Sections (EWS) andLow income groups (LIG) represent majority (Annual income of USD 1,550 USD)
Affordable Housing – Major Need
India in initial stage of learning
Land availability
Growing gap between demand and supply
Skyrocketing house costs
Unplanned settlementsWaste management
Traffic congestion
Impact on housing quality
Affordable Housing – Key Issues
Green & Affordability
Project Cost : 22 USD/sq ft
OR 1,000 INR/sq ft
Typical GB -cost structure: 20 to 80 USD / sq. ft.
LEED Gold Rated BuildingLEED Platinum Rated Building
Typical affordable house at cost less than 22 USD (1,000 INR / sq ft) - Possible
Project Cost : 67 USD/sq ft
OR 3,000 INR/sq ft
Affordable Homes : Green Features
Maximum daylight and ventilation
Use of local and recycled materials
Rain water harvesting
Onsite waste water treatment
Treated water for flushing &
irrigation
Onsite renewable energy
Biogas, solar cookers and lanterns
Green & affordable Buildings
Examples
Laurie Baker’s - Centre for Development Studies, Kerala, India
Source: www.lauriebaker.net• Mud - walls, roofs, foundation• Cane, bamboo and mat material - Roof
Chengalchoola Slum Colony, Trivandrum
Source: www.lauriebaker.netSource: www.lauriebaker.net
• Mud - Walls and foundation• Cane - Roof
Few Examples
• Construction of arches and domes with compressed stabilised earth blocks• Stabilised rammed earth foundations Source: Auroville Earth Institute
Auroville Visitors Centre, Auroville
• Plinths and walls in stabilized earth blocks• Floorings with Composite Stabilized Earth Block tiles• Paints and plasters with stabilized earth
Source: Auroville Earth Institute
Vikas Community, Auroville
• Use of natural laterite blocks for walls• Minimum use of steel and concrete• Centrally air-conditioned residential campus
Less energy consumptionSource: BCIL
T-ZED homes
Source: Ar. Shirish Beri
• Natural earth, mud & stones - Wall
• Cow dung & mud for flooring
Organic Farming Association of India, Pune
Source: Abhikram
Affordable - Schools
• Use of natural stones & blocks for walls
• Naturally ventilated
• Enhanced daylighting
Affordable – Gated Community
Unique & tough curves & arches – made of compact earth blocks
Urban Housing
Availability of landLand cost is exorbitantly costlier
Advantage ChallengesAvailability of high end construction materialAvailability of skilled labour
Rural Housing
Lack of infrastructure Vulnerable to natural calamities and fire
Advantages ChallengesAvailability of land Traditionally – Low foot printWill achieve minimum Gold or 4 star
Way Forward - FutureHorizonticality (Horizontal) to Verticality
Vertical construction forced in long run
Way Forward - FutureVertical construction – Challenge
Security & Protection of property & occupants
Way Forward - FutureBetter connectivity to suburbs
Integrated mass transportation
Way Forward - FutureMaster city planning
Effective land use planning and management
Facilitate model cities
Adequate provision of land for poor in master plan itself
Lavasa, India
Way Forward - FutureNeed more new cities
Avoid rural migration to few existing cities
India, 1.2 billion population - 100 citiesUS, 0.3 billion population - 1,000 plus major cities
India needs 500 plus cities
Satellite Cities / Counter Magnet CitiesAffordable housing including all basic facilities
Integrated with employment opportunities
Basic infrastructure facilitiesRoads, Power, Water, Transport etc.,
Way Forward - Future
Affordable building materialsInnovative composite materials
Also greatly helps industries in environmental protection and employment generation
Prefabricated building material and components
Enhances quality and performance of the productReduction of waste generationReduces the need for skilled labour
Way Forward - Future
Thank You
Hamlet House
Source: www.lauriebaker.net
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