600 CE to 1450 CE Rise of Islam Medieval Europe & Byzantines

600 CE to 1450 CE

Rise of Islam

Medieval Europe & Byzantines

Rise of Islam

• Empire of common culture, cosmopolitan

• Qur’an

• Five Pillars, Ka’ba

• Mecca and Medina

• Split between Shia and Sunni, caliph

Umayyad Dynasty

• Arabic becomes official govt language• People converted to avoid a tax• Attacked Constantinople, but failed• Advanced into Spain, 732 CE

– Charles Martel (Frank) stopped their advance

• Dome of the Rock is built• Split happens between Sunni &

Shi’itecausing it’s demise

Abbasid Dynasty

• 750-1258 CE• mid 800s—Golden Age• Capital moves to Baghdad• Trade

– Credit

– Innovation—steel, medical, algebra,

• Preserved Western knowledge• Tolerant of local customs

Dar al’Islam

Women in Islam• Traditional Arabian society

– Women didn’t have property rights– Men kept dowry if divorced– Female infanticide

• Qu’ran (651 CE)– Treated with more dignity– Return dowry if divorce– Equal before Allah– Infanticide was forbidden– Mohammad’s 1st wife was a successful business-women– Polygamy as long as treated equal– Testimony in court given ½ the weight– Veiled in public—Mesopotamia and Persia

• Over time became more patriarchal

Sufis

• Islamic mystics

• Effective missionaries

• Personal relationship with Allah

• Converted large #s of people to Islam

Fall of Islamic Empire

• Internal struggles and civil wars– Sunni and Shi’ite sects– succession

• External problems– Persians, Europeans, Byzantines

• Mongols 1258 CE– Fled to Egypt

• Ottoman Turks reunite Egypt, Syria and Arabia and lasts till 1918

Byzantine Empire

• Constantinople

• Highly centralized government

• Orthodox—split with Rome

• Justinian—Code & Hagia Sophia

• Impacts Russia

Note of Change: As the Empire Turns

• Separate from Rome geographically

C/c Religion & State in Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy

• Secular in the East; religious in the West

• Rome centralized religion—Latin

• Orthodoxy—localized—local language

• West—power stayed the Church

• East—power in the State

West—Medieval Europe

• Viking and other nomadic raidsfeudalism

• Code of chivalry

• Primogeniture

• Scholasticism

• Crusades

• Inquisition

Rise of the Nation-State

• William the Conqueror

• Magna Carta

• Isabella and Ferdinand

C/C Ancient with Middle Ages

• Agricultural surplusescities

• Formed complicated institutions

• Arts and sciences

C/C Feudal Europe & Islam

• Islamic traders traded with the world

• European lords governed the manor

• Baghdad became the center for learning

• Europe very local and mainly religious education

China• Tang dynasty got so big that it collapsed

– Poetry– Civil service exam—bureaucracy

• Song dynasty reunified – Practical encyclopedias and histories– Printing press– Civil service exam—bureaucracy– Transportation/canal networks for communication– Paper money and credit– Chinese junks

• Fell to the Mongols—Yuan dynasty• Ming dynasty in 1368

Chinese Women

• Tang– Wu Zhao—1st Empress– Ruthless toward adversaries– Compassionate toward peasants

Patriarchical—inferior, but with feminine virtues worth protecting

Foot-binding

Chinese Religion

• Diverse during Han: Nestorians, Manicheans, Zorastrians, and Islam

• Buddhism impacted the most– Appealed b/c of peace and meditation– Drain on the treasury b/c advocates end to

earthly gain

China Civil Service Exam

• Stability b/c stayed in effect when dynasties changed

• Leaders depended on the bureaucracy

• Earned by strong performance

• Meritocracy opposed to aristocracy

• Similar to US b/c chg in President doesn’t change Congress

Japan

• Influenced by China and Korea

• Yamato 1st ruling clan

• Shinto

• Buddhist missionaries

• Modeled after Tang

• Both held education in high esteem

• Fujiwara—Feudal Japan

C/C Europe & Japan

• Similar political, social and honor code

• Europe based on legal contract

• Japan based on group identity

India

• Delhi Sultanate

• Islam spread throughout N. India

• Hindu temples were destroyed

Rise and Fall of Mongols

• Horseman, clan in-fighting kept them from uniting

• Genghis Khan unified and invaded China• Separate hordes invaded Russia, middle

east and India• Pax Mongolica• Continued exchange, but no major impact

on culture and stifled some growth

Mongols

• Most became Muslim

• Diffused culture

• Didn’t mix with

• Kept Russia from advancing as far as Europe

• Brought the world together through trade

Africa

• Mansa Musa—Mali

• Built Timbuktu

• Pilgrimmage to Mecca

• Oral literature

Americas

• Maya

• Aztecs

• Incas