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7/25/2019 8.0.1 Method Scaffold Bs1139
1/39
BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
2 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
INDEX Page
1 - INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................2
2 - REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................ 3
2.1 Scaffolder Personnel ........................................................................... 3
2.2 Requests for Scaffolding ...................................................................... 4
2.3 Materials .............................................................................................. 6
2.4 Design .................................................................................................. 7
2.5 General Access Scaffold ..................................................................... 9
2.6 System Scaffold ................................................................................. 11
2.7 Ancillary Equipment ............................................................................ 12
2.8 Tower Scaffolds ................................................................................ 13
2.9 Activity Controls .................................................................................. 18
2.10 Working Over Water ........................................................................ 21
2.11Ladders ............................................................................................ 23
2.12 Power-operated Mobile Work Platforms .......................................... 28
3. REFERENCES.................................................................................... 33
APPENDICES
1 - Sample Job Specifications ................................................................. 34
2 - Safety Check Lists ............................................................................. 36
3 - Glossary of Terms .............................................................................. 38
4 - Checklist for Examination of Ladders ................................................. 41
This Method Statement represents the minimum acceptable HSE standards for a widevariety of operations. Individual operating procedures and/or task specifications shouldreflect these minimum standards and should be consulted, where appropriate, prior tostart of work.
Comment and feedback from site users of this Method Statement are encouraged, in
order that it may be updated as appropriate to reflect current or specific requirements.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
3 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
For details of the current revision status of this Method Statement please refer to BCChead office quality dept.
1 INTRODUCTION
In day to day operations, there are many occasions when otherwise inaccessible places or equipment
have to be reached to carry out work and it would be impossible to carry out construction andmaintenance work without providing a suitable means of access.
Access equipment comes in a variety of types and is often the place from which work is carried out and
not just the means of gaining access to the work place. The simplest type is the ladder, which is often
the cheapest, and the quickest way to get a job done. More complex is a scaffold, which can be
constructed suing conventional tube, fittings and boards, or by using proprietary systems based on
prefabricated frames. Another type is the powered mobile work platform, which is becoming a more and
more common feature in activities such as specific maintenance works.
Regardless of the type of equipment and what is used for, there are inherent risks associated with it and
it is essential that access systems are both provided and used safely. The contents of this document
address these risks and their application will ensure appropriate controls are in place to ensure safeoperations.
This standard covers all aspects of scaffolding and access, both onshore and offshore, and follows the
basic structure shown below:
the people involved
the materials used
design and construction
use of equipment
activity controls
special situations
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
4 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
2 REQUIREMENTS
2.1.1 Scaffolders
Only competent scaffolders employed by BCC shall normally carry out scaffolding work on behalf of the
client.
Training shall be carried out to standards approved by CITB & British Standards.
All personnel employed for the purpose of erecting, modifying or dismantling scaffolding will belong to
one of the categories listed in Table 1 which details the requirements for those personnel.
Exceptions to the above requirements, e.g. the erection of proprietary system scaffold by unqualified
personnel, etc. are identified at the relevant places in the document.
Table 1 Personnel Requirements
JOB CATEGORY QUALIFICATIONS EXPERIENCE
Scaffold Inspector Foreman Scaffolder After qualification, 3 years working as a
Foreman Scaffolder, the third year of
which must be spent working with an
Inspector.
Must hold certificate of demonstrated
competence in scaffold inspection, as
specified by current employer.
Foreman Scaffolder Foreman Scaffolder Minimum 12 months on-site experience
as a Basic Scaffolder
Basic Scaffolder Basic Scaffolder Minimum 12 months planned on-site
experience as a Trainee Scaffolder
Trainee Scaffolder Basic Scaffolder Part 1 Minimum 6 months continuous on-site
working experience as a Scaffold
Laborer
Outline Job Specifications for Scaffold Inspectors, Advanced Scaffolders, Basic Scaffolders and
Trainee Scaffolders and the requirements for supervision are contained in Appendix 2.
2.1.2 Personnel Records
Personnel records of scaffolders shall be maintained and kept up to date by BCC and be available for
inspection by the client. They shall show:-
Full Name of Employee
Date of Birth
Job CategoryTraining Record (original certificates or certified copies thereof)
2.1 Requests for Scaffolding
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
5 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
Requests for erection, modification or dismantling of scaffolding shall be raised by the client or relevant
operating authority. Requests for scaffolding works shall be made on a Scaffold Request Sheet (Figure
1) or approved client format and will accompany any Construction or Maintenance Work Order.
The requester shall clearly describe the intended purpose, use and loading requirements of the scaffold
or proposed modification and the Scaffold Request Sheet is the basis of the agreement between theclient and BCC in this respect.
When a scaffold of unusual or particular design is required and one of the standard scaffold types (see
Table 3) is not appropriate, the client shall ensure complete and specific details of the user requirements
are detailed on the Scaffold Request. In such cases, sufficient lead-time shall be given to BCC for
preparation of a suitable design.
Figure 1 Scaffold Request Sheet
2.3 Materials
In all cases access equipment, whether tube and fittings, proprietary systems or special equipment, shall
be suitable in all respects for its intended application. For the majority of applications this will entail the
use of steel tube, fittings and board in accordance with Table 2. However, there are certain
circumstances where the use of proprietary systems manufactured from steel or aluminum or the use of
special equipment is preferred.
Typical indications for the use of such systems and equipment are general access purposes for
inspection or cleaning of street lights, high ceilings, guttering, etc. where the access is required for a
short period only or is required to be easily moveable and there is a firm footing. In these circumstances,
the use of proprietary systems or special equipment may show substantial cost savings over
conventional steel tube.
Before a decision is made on the type of access equipment to use, the nature of the intended task must
be fully examined and the compatibility of the intended task and its location with the equipment
application must be assessed.
Table 2 Scaffold Material Standards
Material Standard Additional Requirements
Steel Tube BS 1139
Parts 1 and 2
Only galvanized tube to be used. Used tubes to be regularly
inspected and cleaned. All tubes to be checked before use for
corrosion and general condition. Defective tubes to be
discarded. Butt welded tubes may be used on condition that the
welding has been carried out to an approved procedure.
Fittings BS 1139
Parts 1 and 2
All fittings to be examined before use for damage and wear.
Damaged or worn fittings to be discarded. No heat to be applied
to fittings. Moving parts to be lubricated.
Boards BS 2482 To be clean and free of nails, free of warping and significant
cracks. Not to be painted.
When scaffolding is erected in areas where high levels of radiated heat are unavoidable encountered,
e.g. where high temperature pipework is in close proximity, timber scaffold boards may be exposed tothe risk of burning or charring. In these circumstances, the use of pressed steel staging boards is an
acceptable alternative.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
6 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
Note, aluminum tubes, fittings, components and proprietary system frames are vulnerable in the case of
fire and are potentially spark producing. If they are to be used where flammable atmospheres could be
present during normal operations, their use shall be controlled under the work permit system and
precautions specified to ensure a safe atmosphere is provided. If a safe atmosphere cannot be reliably
provided, equipment manufactured from steel shall be used.
2.4 Design
2.4.1 Design Requirements
The access and working scaffolds listed in Table 3, with their construction criteria, shall be designed by
BCC in accordance with appropriate British Standards.
All other scaffolds, and all scaffolds which are the subject of a specific user request outside the pre-
specified format of Table 3, shall be designed by BCC to the requirements set out in BS 5973.
Table 3 Loads and Dimensions for Tube and Fittings Scaffold
Type of
scaffold
Use of
Scaffold
Scaffold
loading
per m2
Maximum
number of
working
platforms
Maximum
spacing
between
Standards
Typical load examples per
bay
Very light duty
independent
Inspection,
access and
painting
75 kg 1 working
platform
2.7 m 1 man + tools. No materials
Light duty
independent
Power
cleaning,
painting, light
engineering
150 kg 2 working
platforms
2.4 m 2 men + tools. No materials
General
purpose
independent
Light
engineering,
e.g. welding
or electrical
200 kg 2 working
platforms + 1 at
very light duty
2.1 m 2 men + 175 kg. of materials
Heavy duty
independent
Heavy
engineering,
e.g. large
pipework of
structural
250 kg 2 working
platforms + 1 at
very light duty
2.0 m 2 men + 250 kg. of materials
Special
purposeTo be stated on design drawings
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
7 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
2.4.2 DesignTypes
In all cases, the following scaffold types are to be subject to specific design by BCC, which the client
may require to approve in detail prior to erection:
Offshore overside scaffolds.
Access scaffolds above 50m in height.
Hanging or slung scaffolds.
External freestanding scaffolds.
Scaffolds required to withstand wind speeds >39m/s.
Falsework and support scaffolds.
Extra heavy duty scaffolds in excess of the heavy duty specification in Table 3.
Loading platforms for loads exceeding 2.5 kN/m2.
Lifting gantries.
Public access scaffolds
Temporary roofs
Note: Hanging or slung scaffolds for onshore application do not normally provide the facility of
conducting a lightning strike to earth and during the design of such scaffolds, consideration shall be
given to suitable earthing arrangements.
For scaffold of the types listed above, BCC shall produce a work specification together with all thenecessary drawings for the proposed scaffold work, which the client may require to approved prior to
erection.
2.5 General Access Scaffold
General access, or conventional, scaffolding is constructed using steel tube, fittings and boards. The
main elements of conventional scaffolding are shown in Figure 2 on the following page.
Construction requirements are as follows:
Foundationsshall be adequate for the load imposed at each standard and for the weight of the whole
scaffold. Sole boards shall be used under steel base plates if there is any chance of the plate otherwisesinking into the surface or where baseplates are unavoidably located over grating.
Standards shall be vertical and generally pitched on steel base plates not more than 2.7 m apart. Joints
shall be staggered on adjacent standards so that they do not occur on the same lift.
Ledgers shall be horizontal, placed inside the standards and clamped to them with right angle couplers.
Joints shall be staggered so that in adjacent ledgers they do not occur on the same lift.
Transoms shall be spaced at no more than 1.5 m. They should be extended inwards and outwards as
necessary to create the necessary work platform support.
Ties shall be provided on all scaffolds to prevent inward and outward movement. Frequency of ties shall
be to BS 5973 and they shall be evenly spread. The type of tie will depend on the tying requirements andthe nature of the structure. Only load bearing fittings shall be used for ties.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
8 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
Bracing shall be installed on all scaffolds to ensure rigidity. The following minimum requirements apply:
Bracing shall be fixed as near as possible to node points.
Bracing shall be erected progressively with the scaffold.
Bracing must be at an angle of 45o, or as near to that angle as possible.
All bracing shall start from base plate level.
Only load bearing fittings shall be used.
Boardsshall be securely fastened and be supported to meet the requirements set out in Table
4.
Table 4 Maximum Span of Scaffold Boards
Nominal Thickness
of Board
Maximum Span
Between Supports
Minimum
Overhang
Maximum
Overhang
Mm m mm m
38 1.5 50 150
50 2.6 50 200
63 3.25 50 250
Guardrails and Toeboardsshall be fitted to all platforms of 2 m or higher. The upper guardrail shall be
positioned at a level between 0.9 m and 1.15 m above the platform. Toeboards shall be at least 150 mm
high, and the space between the toeboard and the guardrail shall not exceed 0.75 m.
Tube end-capsare recommended for all tubes on erected scaffolds where personnel may come into
contact with tube ends and risk injury.
Figure 2 Typical Independent Tied Scaffold
2.6 System Scaffold
System scaffolds are proprietary systems fabricated from steel or aluminium alloy and comprise
a complete set of unique components capable of assembly into a scaffold structure without the
use of any other equipment.
Using such systems, structures under 3.0 m in height and not exceeding 18 m3in volume may
be erected by personnel not qualified as scaffolders. They are not subject to the SCAFFTAG
system (see 2.8.2)
Structures higher than 3.0 m of exceeding 18 m3 in volume shall be erected by qualified
scaffolders and shall be subject to the SCAFFTAG system. In the case of wireline operations
access, structures may be erected and inspected by Advance Scaffolders with at least one year
experience in that category.
Personnel erecting system scaffold shall be able to read and fully understand the manufacturers
instructions and shall follow these instructions at all times. If instructions are not available, work
shall not proceed unless under the supervision of a qualified person.
When using s ystem scaf fo ld, part icu lar at tent ion is drawn to the fo l lowing :
Instructions shall be obtained from the system manufacturer when deviations outside the normal
system parameters are required, or when sheetings or fans are added, or other changes made,
which sill affect the structural loading on the system. When manufacturers instructions are not
available, deviations shall be the subject of specific designs which the client may require toapprove prior to erection.
Many vertical joints have a minimum tensile capacity and may not be staggered.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
9 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
NOTE: On occasion, conventional scaffolding and system scaffolds are used in combination,
with one type interconnected with the other. In such cases, the permissible loading shall be that
of the lesser-rated structure, in most cases the load rating of the conventional scaffolding.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
10 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
2.7 Ancillary Equipment
2.7.1 Gin Blocks
Gin blocks shall be used to lift materials only when the load to be lifted does not exceed 50kg.
Gin blocks shall never be used for personnel transfer.
A gin block shall be mounted on a cantilever tube projecting outwards from the scaffold at a
maximum distance which shall not exceed 750mm. This supporting tube shall be attached to
two standards.
Ring type gin blocks should be used when possible. If a hook type gin block is used it should be
wire lashed to the supporting tube and not hooked into a tube or into a fitting, and the mouth of
the hook is to be securely moused. A coupler should be placed on either side of the ring or
lashing to prevent movement (see Figure 3)
Ropes shall be of a size compatible with the gin block in use, and shall comply with appropriate
British Standards (see References).
2.7.2 Safety Chairs
Safety chairs (Boatswains Chairs) shall be used only where it is impracticable to use a
suspended or other form of scaffold. Safety chairs must comply with BS 2830 and a safety factor
of a least 4 is required.
2.7.3 Cradles
Cradles (or suspended scaffolds) can be raised or lowered on ropes or wires by means of
manual or powered lifting appliances. Where powered lifting devices are required to be used,
the user shall discuss with the operating authority, e.g. the Asset Holders representative, the
suitability of the proposed equipment for the intended area. Cradles shall comply with BS 5974.
Figure 3 Gin Block Fixings
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
11 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
2.8 Tower Scaffolds
Tower scaffolds are 4-legged structures which may be tied to a building or be free-standing.
Free-standing towers may have vertically adjustable legs and may be mounted on castors to
make them mobile.
The various types of tower scaffold are grouped as follows:
prefabricated from aluminum alloy
prefabricated from steel
systems scaffolds made from steel
tube and fittings made from steel or aluminum
Note: The use aluminum alloy in the construction of any type of tower is not permitted at unless
client approval.
The different types of prefabricated tower available are erected in different ways and users shall
ensure that adequate manufacturers instruction manuals or guides are available beforeconstruction of a tower commences. Regardless of the type of tower to be erected, care shall be
taken not to impede access and egress routes in the vicinity of the tower.
Simple tower scaffolds of the prefabricated or system type may be erected, altered or
dismantled by persons not qualified as scaffolders and do not need to be inspected and certified
under the SCAFFTAG system (see section 2.9.2). However, any tower structure more extensive
and sophisticated than a simple, 4-legged layout or a tower constructed from tube and fittings
shall only erected by qualified scaffolders and shall be subject to the SCAFFTAG system.
2.8.1 Load
For prefabricated and systems towers the manufacturers instructions will specify the maximum
permitted loads on the structure and these load restrictions shall be taken into account when
selecting the type to be used. For towers constructed from tube and fittings, the maximum
loading is 75 kg/m2.
2.8.2 Foundat ions
The tower foundation shall be capable of sustaining the total load at all times during its erection
and use so that a stable condition is maintained. Towers shall not be erected directly on recently
made up ground or on light-weight manhole covers and timber spanning excavations. The legs
of static tower shall always rest on metal baseplates or castors and the load spread by timber
soleplates at least 225 mm wide by 40 mm deep and long enough to ensure no undue ground
settlement.
Castors on mobile towers shall be at least 125 mm in diameter and shall be stamped with their
maximum permissible loading. They shall be capable of being locked in position so the tower
cannot move while in use. Castors shall only be used on hard level surfaces or on temporarily
laid level bases or runways.
Adjustable legs may be needed to ensure that the tower is vertical. These legs shall not be used
to extend the height of the tower and the maximum extension specified by the manufacturer
shall not be exceeded. Adjustable legs and castors shall be prevented from falling out of the
vertical tubes and if locking devices are used, they shall be correctly engaged.
2.8.3 Vert ical and Ho rizontal Members
The vertical members on system towers are normally joined by socket and spigot connections.
These shall be properly seated and any locking pins correctly engaged. Vertical members shall
be maintained upright to prevent critical effects on stability and structural stresses.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
12 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
Connections shall be properly tightened, latching hooks correctly seated and fittings correctly
applied. All components shall be examined before use for damage which might adversely affect
their load carrying ability. Prefabricated components shall be checked for broken welds, cracks,
looseness of fit or other damage, and where members are connected by latching hooks, these
shall be examined to ensure that the spring and release trigger are operating correctly. Non-
compatible components shall not be used.
All towers, regardless of the type of component used, shall be adequately braced I all three
dimensions. For prefabricated towers, this bracing may be provided by the interlocking
arrangements of the frames but as each type may have different bracing arrangements,
reference to manufacturers instructions shall always be made. Towers constructed from tube
and fittings need faade bracing on all four sides and plan bracing, and similar approach shall be
adopted for systems towers unless the manufacturer specifies otherwise.
2.8.4 Ties and Stabil i ty
Aluminum Alloy Prefabricated Towers
Alloy towers are very light in weight and their centre of gravity is near the top platform level. Care
shall therefore be taken to ensure their stability and that they cannot overturn during use or be
blown over when left unattended.
Manufacturers instructions normally specify either the maximum height to which the tower
should be erected or the maximum height to smallest base ratio for free-standing towers. These
limitations shall always be followed and in the absence of such information, the ratios shown in
Figure 4 shall apply.
Stabilizers or outriggers may be used to increase the effective base dimension so that more
sections may be added to increase the tower height. Stabilisers (which have pad feet) and
outriggers (which have castors) shall be rigidly fitted to the tower and shall be in firm contact with
the ground or base. Adjustable stabilisers/outriggers shall be positioned to make the effective
base dimension as large as possible. Stabilisers shall normally only be used on static towers; ifthey are used on a mobile tower, they need to be raised slightly before moving the tower or
alternatively, the tower reduced to its free-standing height. Outriggers need plan braces, as
specified by the manufacturer. Where scaffold tubes are used as raker, the foot of each raker
shall be tied back to the tower to ensure that the raker cannot slip.
Wherever possible, alloy towers shall be securely tied to the structure they serve. Ties shall be
connected at, or adjacent to, positions where standards join horizontal members and care shall
be taken to ensure that the ties restrain the tower from moving in any direction. Where the tower
cannot be tied to a structure, the use of guy ropes, ground anchors and ballast weights shall be
considered.
Before a mobile tower is moved, its path shall be checked for ground obstructions, overhead
power lines, holes and soft areas. No personnel or materials shall be on the tower during
movement and when the movement is complete, the tower shall be checked for verticality and
the castors locked.
Steel Towers
The requirements for alloy towers also apply to steel towers but stability considerations differ
because of the greater weight of steel. For prefabricated steel towers, manufacturers
instructions shall be followed whereas for tube and fittings towers using standard tube, the free-
standing height to smallest base ratios shown in Table 5 shall be applied.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
13 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
Table 5 Height to Smallest Base Ratios for Free-Standing Steel Towers
TOWER TYPE INTERNAL EXTERNAL
Static 4:1 3.5:1
Mobile 3.5:1 3:1
2.8.5 Working Plat forms
Platforms shall be at least 600 mm wide; full details of minimum widths for various types of use
are shown in Table 6. Working platforms may be made from various materials such as platform
boards, scaffold boards or stagings. They shall be examined before use and prevented from
tipping or sliding by being properly supported, of sufficient length and by the use of cleats on the
underside, or by the design of the system. Were 38 mm or 63 mm timber scaffold boards areused, they shall be supported at least every 1.5 m or 3.2 m respectively. Loads shall be evenly
distributed on platforms.
Table 6 Working Platform Widths
Purpose Minimum
width
Practical width using
225 mm nominal width boards
Working platform only
(no deposit of materials)
600 mm 3 boards
Passage of materials 600 mm 3 boards
Deposit of materials
(a 430 mm passageway must be
maintained)800 mm 4 boards
Scaffold boards, stagings or platform boards shall be used; loose laid plywood sheets are not
permitted.
Where platform boards are used, any trapdoor or hatch in the platform shall be closed while the
platform is in use and any latching hooks connecting the platform board to the tower shall be
seated properly.
2.8.6 Guard Rails
Tower platforms from which a person could fall more than 2 m shall be fitted with guard rails
between 1 m and 1.2 m above the platform level.
2.8.7 Toe Boards
Toe boards are required on all working platforms, gangways or runs from which a person or
materials could fall more than 2 m. Toe boards shall normally be placed inside the standards,
shall be fixed to prevent movement and shall be at lest 150 mm high. The gap between toe
board and guard rail shall not exceed 750 mm.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
14 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
Figure 4 Height to Smalles Base Ratios Figure 5 Tower Access
2.8.8 Access
The platform shall have a safe means of access which shall always be on the narrowest side of
the tower. Access may be achieved in the following ways:
By vertical ladders attached internally to the narrow side (see Figure 5) Clear hand and
foot holds shall be provided, by blocking pieces if necessary. Where vertical ladders rise
more than 9 m, an intermediate landing shall be provided.
By internal stairways or inclined ladders.
By ladder sections integral with the frame members. These are to be climbed from
inside the tower. Rungs shall be no more than 300 mm apart and the stiles no more
than 500 mm apart.
Climbing the tower by using the horizontal members is not permitted.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
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A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
With a prefabricated tower, access to a platform made of scaffold boards is difficult when the
tower is climbed from the inside. Platform boards incorporating a trapdoor or hatch are therefore
preferred. With tube and fittings towers, scaffold boards may be used and the platform
constructed so that there is a permanent access opening adjacent to the ladder. This opening
shall be as small as possible to allow safe access and provided there is adequate support, a
loose cover may be used to protect the opening while people are on the platform.
With a tube and fittings steel tower, the ladder shall, where possible, be lashed to the inside. If it
has to be lashed to the outside, the access opening in the guard rail shall be protected by a
hinged section or some other equally effective means. With all other towers, the ladder shall be
fixed on the inside.
Ladders shall never be placed on the platform to extend the height of the tower, nor shall be
leaned against the side of a tower.
Tools and heavy loads shall not be carried but hauled up or lowered down by a person on the
platform within the confines of the tower.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
16 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
2.9 Activity Controls
2.9.1 Inspect ions
It shall be the responsibility of BCC to inspect, record and maintain records of scaffolding and
related equipment. Retain the right to audit scaffold and equipment inspection reports.
Inspections shall be carried out by BCC authorized Inspectors who will either accept the scaffold
or reject it and detail deficiencies to be corrected. In either case, the SCAFFTAG system will be
used to visually indicate the result of inspection.
Inspections of scaffolds in regular service shall take place every 7 days, i.e. a scaffold approved
for use on a Monday must be reinspected and recertified each Monday, or immediately after
severe or adverse weather. Both copies of the SCAFFTAG inserts shall be signed and dated
after each inspection.
2.9.2 SCAFFTAG System
SCAFFTAGs allow an immediate visual indication of the condition of a scaffold structure (see
figure 7). The system comprises:
A holder which fits over a scaffold tube and displays DO NOT USE SCAFFOLD in red
on a white background.
Insert for the holder, one side white on green to indicate, when showing, that the
scaffold is certified for use and giving details, the other side black on yellow to indicate,
when showing, that the scaffold is under inspection and must not be used. An exact
duplicate of the insert is retained in a SCAFFTAG rack in an appropriate location, e.g.
Authorities Office, Control Room, etc.
NOTE: The only person authorized to fix or change a SCAFFTAG is a Scaffold Inspectorappointed by BCC. Removal of a SCAFFTAG may be carried out by the Performing Authority
where he is of the opinion that a scaffold is unsuitable for its intended application, in which case
he shall remove the insert to display the DO NOT USE SCAFFOLD message and request
BCC and/or Inspector to rectify/recertify the scaffold. A SCAFFTAG may also be removed by
any person required to work off a scaffold which he considers unsafe; in such a case, the person
removing the tag should immediately inform his supervisor for remedial action to be taken.
The client may remove any SCAFFTAG if he deems that area unsafe to work for any other
reason not attributed to the scaffold its self i.e. Gas Leeks area, Steam cleaning etc.
2.9.3 Handover
The Handover Procedure flowchart shown in Figure 6 shows graphically the responsibilities of
the BCC scaffolders and BCC Scaffold Inspector.
2.9.4 Modif icat ions
Modifications to SCAFFTAG-certified scaffolds shall be undertaken only by BCC with the
authority of the worksite supervisor. After a modification has been made, inspection and
recertification shall be carried out.
If unauthorized modifications are observed, they shall be reported to the worksite supervisor and
the insert removed from the SCAFFTAG holder to reveal the DO NOT USE SCAFFOLD
warning.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
17 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
Figure 6 Handover Procedure
BCC SCAFFOLDERS BCC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR
Fit SCAFFTAG holders
to scaffold at access
points showing
DO NOT USE
Complete green side of two
SCAFFTAGS for eachholder
and file in Control Room/Site
Office with yellow side out.
Complete scaffold
Inform authorized
requester of
scaffold completion
Inspect Scaffold
Rectification work
2
Scaffoldacce ted
No
Yes
SCAFFTAG yellow
sides signed and dated
SCAFFTAG remains
in Control Room/
Site Ofrfice
reen side out
SCAFFTAG placed
in holder on
scaffold
reen side out
WEEKLY INSPECTION
Scaffold
acce tedNo Yes
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
18 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
Figure 7 SCAFFTAG System
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
19 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
2.9.5 Protection from Fal ls
There are many activities which require riggers and scaffolders to work in positions where it is
reasonably foreseeable that they may fall. In all such cases, suitable fall arrest or prevention
devices must be worn. It is strongly recommended that whenever it is necessary to use a fall
arrest or prevention device, it is used in conjunction with a full body, parachute type harness.
The use of single waistbelt type harnesses is not recommended.
2.10 Working Over Water
When scaffolding personnel are exposed to the possibility of falling into water, they are
considered to be working over water. This is obvious when their work location is offshore,
either underneath or over the side of a structure, but can also apply onshore at harbor or river
locations.
2.10.1 Lifel ines and Flotat ion Devices
All personnel engaged in the erection, modification or demolition of scaffolding which requires
working over water must wear a flotation device and a fall arrest or prevention device.
The harness is to be a full parachute type equipped with a single tail type harness and used with
an inertia reel. The use of single belt type harness is not recommended. At least one member of
the scaffold team must at all times be in radio contact with a control point where the work is
taking place.
Personnel engaged in abseiling operations must conform fully with previously approved safe
operating procedures, must wear a flotation device and be in visual contact with the Team
Leader. The Team Leader must remain in attendance at the abseiling operations at all times and
be in radio contact with a control point.
2.10.2 Standby Boats
In all cases of overside scaffolding or abseiling work offshore, a standby boat shall be
nominated to be the first response vessel. The standby boat shall remain in general attendance
and not engage in any duties which would interfere with its ability to respond and be capable of
performing rescue duties. The standby boat must be capable of responding and to render
assistance within:
10 minutes for overside scaffolding operations where the scaffolders are wearing and using
full body harness and single tail safety lines.
NOTE: A 10 minute response time means, in effect, a dedicated vessel stationed in the
immediate vicinity at all times while work is in progress.
30 minutes for overside abseiling operations where the abseiling work conforms fully with a
previously approved safe operating procedure.
The standby boat may be the dedicated area standby vessel nominated by the client or
alternatively may be another craft nominated by BCC. Standby vessels which meet the above
criteria will satisfy the Permit to Work Abseiling Certificate requirement for a safety boat.
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Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
20 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
2.10.3 Work dur ing Hours o f Darkness
Overside abseiling or erection and/or demolition of scaffolding during the hours of darkness is
only permitted in cases of extreme urgency and when no other practicable alternative can be
identified. In this context, financial expediency is not considered sufficient justification.
The worksite and the area of water below must be properly illuminated and offshore a standbyboat must be nominated and able to render immediate assistance.
Overside work during the hours of darkness which is carried out from properly erected and
certified scaffold, and where the workplace and the area of water below is properly illuminated,
is not restricted.
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Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
21 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
2.11 Ladders
A ladder is a simple, portable, versatile and relatively inexpensive piece of equipment which may
either be used to gain access to a workplace or may itself be the workplace. Various types of
ladder are available and they may be made of wood, steel, aluminum alloy or fibreglass.
Note, aluminum ladders and their components are potentially spark producing and their use inhazardous areas is at the discretion of Asset Holders. If they are to be used where flammable
atmospheres could be present, their use shall be controlled under the work permit system and
precautions specified to ensure a safe atmosphere is provided. If a safe atmosphere cannot be
reliably provided, ladders of different materials shall be used.
A working platform, or staging, is inherently safer than a ladder and often ensures that work is
done more efficiently and quickly. Other factors which have a bearing on the appropriateness of
a ladder for doing work include:
whether the ladder can be securely fixed to prevent slipping outwards or sideways
the conditions at the worksite, e.g. exposure, weather, movement of people or vehicles
whether the user has a safe hand and foothold and is close enough to the work
whether the ladder is so long or flexible that sway or vibration could cause loss of
balance
the ability, training and experience of the user
the strength, surface condition and type of structure against which the ladder is to rest
the nature of the work, the tools to be used and the weight of equipment involved
2.11.1 Securing a Ladder
The foot of the ladder shall be supported on a firm and level surface and shall not rest either on
loose material, or on other equipment to gain additional height. Attachments for levelling the feet
on sloping surfaces shall be properly fixed and used. At no time shall the bottom rung of the
ladder be placed so that the total weight is carried on the rung; only the stiles are designed for
this purpose.
Care shall be taken to ensure that the ladder cannot slip and wherever practicable, the top shall
be securely fixed. Slip may be prevented by the use of a lashing, strap or proprietary clip
secured to both stiles (see Figure 8) or where suitable by equipment such as tie restraining
straps or tensioned guy ropes. On slippery floor surfaces, special care shall be taken to prevent
the foot of the ladder from moving.
A ladder may be fitted with a proprietary spreader arm provided that:
the ladder is in good condition
the ladder is of suitable quality for industrial use
the ladder is fitted with non-slip feet
the inclination of the ladder conforms with the one our for four up rule (see Figure 8)
If the surface on which the foot of the ladder rests is not firm and level and does not provide
adequate purchase for the non-slip feet, additional precautions shall be taken to prevent outward
movement at the foot of the ladder.
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Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
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A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
The head of the ladder shall rest against a solid surface capable of withstanding the imposed
loads. Where the surface cannot stand such loads, equipment such as ladder stays shall be
supplied and used.
Where securing at the top is impracticable, arrangements shall be made to prevent the ladder
from slipping outwards or sideways. These arrangements include fixed blocks or cleats,
sandbags or stakes driven into the ground and are in addition to pads, caps or sleeves whichare generally available.
Where fixing the ladder at the top and food is impracticable, a person shall be stationed at the
foot with each hand gripping a stile and one foot on the bottom rung to prevent slipping. Note,
however, that this is only effective with ladders up to 5 m in length.
Figure 8 - Positioning and Security of a Ladder
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
23 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
2.11.2 Safe Use of Ladd ers
Leaning Ladders
Wherever practicable, a ladder shall be positioned so that the stepping off rung is level with the
platform against which it rests (see above). A ladder shall extend to a height of at least 1.05 m
above the landing place, or above the highest rung on which the user has to stand, unless thereis a suitable handhold to provide equivalent support
The ladder shall be placed at a suitable angle, ideally at 75o to the horizontal, i.e. 1 m out for
every 4 m in height, known as the one out for four up rule. The user shall face the ladder when
climbing or descending. Ladders more than 4 m in length shall be braced at intermediate points
to prevent sagging.
A ladder shall be used only for the load and purpose for which it is designed. For example, a
ladder shall not have scaffold boards laid on its rungs and shall not be used as an upright of a
ladder scaffold unless it is a specially heavy duty ladder capable of carrying the loads imposed.
Only one person at a time shall be on a ladder.
A ladder with wire reinforced stiles or rungs shall have the reinforcement on the underside when
in use. Alloy ladders, ladders with metal reinforcement and wet ladders shall not be used where
any electrical hazard exists.
Footwear shall be clean, i.e. no mud, oil or grease on the soles, before any attempt is made to
use a ladder. Where ladders become contaminated they shall be taken out of service and
cleaned. There shall be sufficient space behind rungs to provide a proper footing.
The user of a ladder shall always ensure that both hands are free when climbing or descending.
Light tools shall be carried in a belt holster or shoulder bag, other tools and materials shall be
raised or lowered on a rope.
Extension Ladders
Sections of extension ladders shall overlap by the following minimum amounts:
up to 5 m closed length - 1 rungs
between 5 m and 6 m - 2 rungs
over 6 m closed length - 3 rungs
The user shall raise and lower the ladder from the base and ensure that the hooks are properly
engaged. The rung 1.05 m from the top of a single section or an extension ladder is the highest
to be used for climbing.
Long Ladders
Ladders greater than 11 m in length are extremely difficult to handle and careful consideration
shall be given to the work location, the type of work and the physical efforts necessary before
deciding to use a long ladder. Slipping or sliding of a long ladder cannot be prevented by a single
person footing the ladder and other safe methods such as guying or bracing shall be employed.
Step Ladders
Step ladders and trestles are not designed to take side loads and imposing side loads shall
therefore be avoided. Step ladders and trestles shall be spread to their full extent, properly
levelled for stability and placed at right angles to the work, on a level surface. Work shall not be
carried out from the top platform of a step ladder, unless a handhold extension is a design
feature of the ladder, and work which requires overreaching shall be avoided. The read parts of
a step ladder shall not be used for foot support.
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Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
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A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
Step ladders are prevented from spreading too far by means of stays, chains or cords. These
shall be of sufficient and equal length, kept in good order and renewed if found to be defective.
Only one person shall be on a step ladder at any one time and if steps are used in a doorway,
the door shall be firmly wedged open.
Trestles
Trestles are made with a swing back similar to step ladders but both halves have heavy cross
bearers to support a working platform. Platforms should be made of lightweight staging and
access to them provided by means of a step ladder.
Roof Ladders
There are two types of roof ladder, described as follows:
single section timber or aluminum, fitted at the top with a ridge iron used to pass over
the roof ridge tile to give support. The top should be fitted with a pair of wheels so that
the ladder may be pushed more easily up the roof.
timber or aluminum sections that can be socketed and locked together so that longer
slopes can be tackled. This type is also fitted with a ridge iron.
Pads of resilient material shall be fitted to the underside of roof ladders to minimize damage to
the roofing material and prevent sudden movement.
Note, it is essential that the ridge hook is properly positioned over the roof ridge so that it is
supported on the opposite slope and that ladders are of sufficient length for the slope involved.
Sections must be correctly engaged.
2.11.3 Care and Maintenanc e
All types of ladder shall be inspected before being put into service and only ladders which have acurrent colour code marking shall be used (see sub-section 2.11.4 below).
Ladders shall be treated carefully and not dropped or jarred. Timber ladders receiving a heavy
blow may suffer compression damage, distortion, loosened rungs or cracked stiles.
Ladders shall be stored in easily accessible areas and preferably on purpose-built racks which
will prevent sagging. Ladders may be hung on their stiles with sufficient support points provided
to prevent sagging; they shall not be hung from the rungs. Storage areas should give weather
protection and be well ventilated.
Ladders carried on vehicles shall be properly supported to prevent sagging and tied to support
points to minimize rubbing and the effects of road shock. Other equipment shall be loaded
carefully to prevent shock and abrasion.
Timber ladders may be treated with a transparent non-conductive finish such as clear
preservative or varnish but not with paint. Aluminum ladders may be given a proprietary
protective coating if they are to be exposed to the effects of strong acids, alkalis or corrosive
substances.
After use, ladders shall be inspected for damage before being returned to storage. Any ladder
suspected of being damaged shall be taken out of service, a thorough examination carried out
and appropriate action taken to either arrange repair by a competent person or consign it to
scrap.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
25 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
2.11.4 Inspect ion and Colour Cod ing
All ladders shall have a means of individual identification and owners of ladders shall keep and
maintain a register of their ladders.
All ladders used at site locations shall be periodically inspected and colour coded using the
same procedure as for lifting equipment.
Ladders which are in acceptable condition shall be passed fit for use and given a current colour
code. The colour coding shall be applied by painting a band of the appropriate color at the foot of
one of the stiles.
Ladders which are found to be defective shall be suitably labelled or marked and withdrawn from
service until repaired. A record of inspections, examinations and repair work carried out shall be
kept in the ladder register.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
26 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
2.12 Power-operated Mobile Work Platforms
Power-operated mobile work platforms (WPs) are used as temporary work places and give
access to localized areas both above and below ground level. They are known by a variety of
names which include: extending work platforms, powered access platforms, aerial work
platforms, mobile access platforms, cherry pickers, tower wagons, hydraulic platforms and
scissor lift work platforms.
2.12.1 Operators
Only persons who have been authorized to do so shall work from a WP and only persons who
have been trained and authorized to do so shall operate a WP. Operators shall be trained to the
level of skill necessary to work a WP efficiently and with care for the safety of themselves and
others, and the appliance.
Training should be carried out in three stages:
Stage 1, covering the basic skill and knowledge required to operate WP safely and
efficiently, and carry out routine checks. Competence is to be established and the necessary
range of skills and knowledge built up gradually to contend with more demandingoperations. The training should ensure progression from learning to operate the smaller,
simpler type of WP to the operation of larger, more complex machines.
Stage 2, covering specific job training, which should include:
Knowledge of operating principles and controls of the WP to be used and routine inspection
and servicing in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
Training and practice in use of the WP in conditions that operator will encounter, e.g.
sloping, uneven and soft ground, awkward areas, bad weather conditions, etc.
Training and practice in the work to be undertaken.
Stage 3, after successful completion of the other stages, covering familiarization at a
place of work under supervision.
2.12.2 Work A reas
The surfaces on which WPs are used should be level and firm and shall be within the
manufacturers specifications. Some WPs are designed to operate on rough terrain but before
doing so, checks shall be carried out to ensure the machine is suitable for the conditions. When
the ground is soft and use outriggers is required, manufacturers advice on minimum ground
support requirements shall be followed. In these circumstances, suitable metal or timber load
spreaders shall be made available.
Special precautions shall be taken when WPs are used in the vicinity of live electrical
conductors. Normally, these precautions will entail the isolation of the electrical supplies but
where this is not possible or practicable, a detailed work plan with comprehensive safety
controls shall be prepared and agreed with all persons involved before work is undertaken.
If the work area is traversed by other vehicles, arrangements shall be made to divert traffic if
possible or alternatively erect temporary barriers, warning cones, lights or signs and arrange for
traffic to be diverted around them. Where necessary, other adjacent operations or activities shall
be stopped and if the worksite is accessible by the public, temporary barriers shall be erected.
Where the operating area is close to fixed obstructions such as buildings, stanchions and roof
trusses, the operator shall check that clearances are adequate and that there is no danger of
any part of the WP colliding with an obstruction. Alternative arrangements shall be made to
ensure stability of the WP is so close to a building or other structure that full use of the
outriggers cannot be made.
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Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
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A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
If operations are to be carried out during darkness, adequate illumination shall be provided and
barriers or other warnings shall be of the flashing illuminated type.
2.12.3 Work Plat forms
A WP consists of three distinct parts, namely:
a platform capable of supporting persons, tools and equipment
a structure which supports the platform and a powered mechanism which
maneuvers it relative to the chassis
a mobile chassis on wheels which may be self-propelled
There are two types of WP. One type allows the platform to be maneuvered universally relative
to the chassis and incorporates telescoping or articulating jibs or booms. The other type has only
vertical movement of the platform although the facility to rotate the platform or extend it
horizontally is sometimes provided.
Before being put into service for the first time or following any major repair or alteration, a WP
shall be tested over its range of duties with a proof load at least 1.5 times the safe working load.During such testing, the machine shall be operated from ground level and no person shall be
permitted to be on the platform of the machine. A certificate of test and thorough examination
giving details of the results of the safe working load and range of duties of the WP shall be
issued.
The following information shall be conspicuously displayed on the platform of a WP.
the safe working load and the maximum number of persons allowed on
the platform
the maximum permissible wind speed in which the platform may be
operated or remain raised or extended
the maximum gradient on which the WP may operate.
Inclinometers, spirit levels or other suitable devices with scales, bands or other markings shall
be provided so that the operator can easily see the tilt of the machine and whether it is within
specified limits.
The floor of the platform shall be slip resistant and designed to prevent the accumulation of
water.
Safety devices shall be fitted to prevent the unwarranted movement of any part of the WP, for
example through failure of the powered mechanism which maneuvers it and of mechanisms
controlling travel, steering or outriggers. Such safety shall fail to safety.
A suitable safety or limiting device shall be fitted, if necessary, on multi-jib WPs to prevent an
over centre condition being reached. The design of the linkage arrangement which maintains
the platform in a horizontal position shall not allow any part of the linkage to reach an over
centre position.
A safe means of access to the platform when at ground level shall be provided. This may be a
short fixed ladder, or control arrangements which allow the platform to be brought down to
ground level.
If structural members are made from special steels or other alloys, the specification of the
materials shall be marked on the platform to ensure that any repairs, especially welding or the
replacement of a member, are compatible with the materials.
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All external power supplies, electric, hydraulic or pneumatic, shall be connected to the chassis
and not taken directly to the platform. This reduces the risk of the weight of trailing cables or
pipes affecting stability and being caught by passing vehicles with the consequent danger of
overturning.
Provision shall be made for securing safety harnesses; properly secured guard rails provide
suitable anchorages.
Outriggers shall only be secured in the stowed or fully extended position. Angular adjustment of
the outriggers which might affect the rated stability of the WP shall be avoided.
2.12.4 WP Contro ls
It is preferable for a person on the platform to be in control of all the movements of a WP.
Where travelling controls are at ground level, as in the case f a road vehicle type chassis, a
suitable system of communication between the person on the platform and the ground controller
shall be used. If the controls are sophisticated,e.g. selectors to switch control between the
platform and chassis, it is preferable for only one station to be operable at any one time and only
the person operating that control station shall transfer control to the alternative station. However,
this arrangement shall not be applied to controls for emergency lowering, outrigger positioning
and under-bridge positioning but these controls at the ground level shall be encased or
otherwise protected to prevent inadvertent operation.
Controls shall be:
clearly marked to indicate their function and mode of operation
of the dead mans handle type, i.e. operation stops when the handle is released.
arranged so that inadvertent operation is prevented
such that movement of the controls is in the same direction as the intended movements
of the platform
Where emergency lowering controls are not provided at ground level, other means shall be
provided, e.g. inertia reel devices, to enable persons on the platform to reach the ground safely.
2.12.5 Contro l of WP Use
Wherever possible, WPs shall be parked in a designated secure area which denies access to
unauthorized persons. Keys shall be kept in a secure place when WPs are not in use and shall
only be issued to authorized operators and retained by them until the end of the work period.
On completion of work, WPs shall be parked in the designated area with the engine or motor
switched off, the platform lowered to its parking position and the brakes applied.
2.12.6 WP Hazards
Some of the more common hazards associated with the use of WPs are as follows:
person, tools or equipment falling from the platform
persons becoming trapped in the WP mechanism
persons becoming trapped between the platform and fixed obstructions
overturning due to:
overloading
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Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
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A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
gradients
wind loading
travelling over rough terrain with the platform raised
outriggers not used
the effects of acceleration forces
collision with buildings or other fixed objects, other appliances or vehicles
failure of the supporting structure or powered operating mechanism
inadvertent movement, e.g. misapplication of controls, brake failure, etc.
persons becoming stranded on a raised platform due to power or control circuit failure
contact with live electrical conductors
persons being struck by a moving WP or by the jib when slewing
hazards associated with use during darkness
2.12.7 WP Operations
The following rules shall be observed during the use of WPs:
Never exceed the safe working load (except for the purposes of testing).
Ensure that the WP is properly positioned and that outriggers (when fitted) are fully
extended with sole plates and spreaders as necessary to level the WP within manufacturers
specified limits.
Ensure that all necessary arrangements to make the worksite safe have been made.
Never initiate travelling motions unless the way is clear.
Do not travel with the platform raised unless the WP has been designed to permit this.
If travel with a raised platform is permitted, ensure any safety interlocks are in place.
Do not use a WP as a prop or tie.
Do not tow another vehicle or item of plant unless the WP has been designed to do so.
Do not modify the WP with panels or sheeting which will affect wind loading and
consequently its stability. If the platform is replaced by one of a different design, arrange proof load, stability and
dynamic testing before putting it back in service.
Wherever possible, carry out work from within the area bounded by the guard rails; do
not lean out.
Never use hydraulic emergency controls for lowering other than in an emergency.
Ensure that air is bled out of hydraulic systems.
Special Applications
1) If a WP is to be located on a vessel, the tilt of the vessel with the WP fitted, allowing for any
necessary fixings, shall be determined by calculation. The calculated tilt shall not exceed the
values contained within the following requirements:
The appliance shall be securely fixed to the vessel in the manner assumed in the
calculations.
The WP shall be subjected to proof load and stability tests on the vessel and the safe
working load specified in accordance with the following:
The list of the vessel shall not exceed 3owith the safe working load applied
The list of the vessel shall not exceed 5owith the proof load applied
The tests shall be made with the vessel in its least stable condition, i.e. no fuel and only
fixed ballast
Due regard shall be given to anticipated sea and weather conditions
Manufacturers advice should be obtained
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A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
2) WPs shall not be mounted in tandem or joined with a bridge unless:
the control mechanism is so arranged that the platforms and bridge remain horizontal at
all times
each appliance is plumb and level
where a bridge is fitted, it is interlocked with both appliances
the appliances automatically correct for any misalignment between them
the WPs are de-rated by at least 25% over and above the de-rating necessary due to
the weight of the bridge
3) When a WP is to be operated in conjunction with a crane or some other appliance, it is
important that before operations commence the work is properly planned, a safe system of work
developed and that it is clearly understood by all persons involved I the operation. Each person
shall be clearly aware of his individual duties and how to deal with any foreseen emergencies.
Arrangements shall be made to enable clear communications between operators.
2.12.8 Maintenance
Only qualified and authorized persons shall carry out adjustments and repairs to WPs. If an
appliance is hired, the contractual arrangements shall include proper inspection, maintenance,
and servicing in accordance with manufacturers instructions. The scope of periodicchecks is
given below.
At the beginning of each work period, the operator shall check:
pneumatic tyres are inflated to the correct pressure and tyres are free from cuts and
damage
the operation of the brakes
the operation of nay lights
lubricant, coolant and fuel levels
the integrity of the supporting structure
for leaks in hydraulic/pneumatic systems
correct functioning of powered mechanism, e.g. raising, slewing, etc.
correct functioning of communications systems between platform and ground
At weekly intervals (or every 50 operational hours/manufacturers recommended intervals) an
authorized maintenance person shall carry out:
all checks made at the beginning of each work period and a full operational check of the
appliance
a check of the condition of the chassis, support structure, platform and poweredmechanisms
A written report shall be made on the condition of the appliance and any faults rectified
immediately or the appliance withdrawn from service. Copies of the report shall be retained.
At six monthly intervals (or 1000 operational hours/manufacturers recommended interval) a
thorough examination shall be carried out by an authorized person. This type of examination
shall also be carried out after an accident, major repair or modification. A certificate shall be
issued by the authorized person stating that the WP is safe to continue in use and the date of
the next thorough examination. Copies of the certificate shall be retained.
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Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
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A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
3 REFERENCES
- BCC HSE POLICY & MANUAL
- UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) publications
Guidance Note GS 15 General access scaffolds
Guidance Note GS 31 Safe use of ladders, step ladders and trestles
Guidance Note GS 42 Tower scaffolds
Guidance Note PM 30 Suspended access equipment
Booklet HS(G)19 Safety in working with power-operated mobile work platforms
British Standards Institution
BS EN series
131-1 Ladders: Specification for terms, types and functional sizes
131-2 Ladders: Specification for requirements, testing methods and performance
requirements
BS series
1139 Metal Scaffolding Parts I to 5
2482 Specification for timber scaffold boards
5973 Code of practice for access and working scaffolds and special structures in steel
5974 Code of practice for temporarily installed suspended scaffolds and access equipment
1692 Specification for gin blocks
2830 Specification for suspended access equipment, etc.
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Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
32 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
Appendix 1 Example Job Specifications
NOTE: BCC is responsible for development of their own job specifications which should at least
meet the standard outlined below.
2.2 Trainee Scaffolder
Responsible for carrying out his duties in a manner conducive to that laid down in BCC
Scaffolding Guidelines.
His duties are to assist in the erection of scaffolds under the supervision of basic or Foreman
scaffolders and to assist the laborer in his duties when necessary.
He must attend Safety Meetings pertaining to his function and take part in any training
necessary.
He must be trained in the following duties:
Safe working practices Safe use of ladders
Inspection and storage of materials used inscaffolding
Independent scaffolds
Basic requirements of all scaffold construction Static and mobile tower scaffolds
Inspect, reeve and fix gin wheels and ropes Birdcage scaffolds
Tying necessary knots and hitches Fixing sheeting to scaffolds
A trainee scaffolder must not under any circumstances be permitted to work unsupervised while
erecting, modifying or dismantling a scaffold.
1.2 Basic Scaffolder
Responsible for carrying out his duties in a manner conducive to that laid down in BCCScaffolding Guidelines.
His duties are to assist the Foreman Scaffolder in erection, dismantling and alteration of
scaffolds.
He is to assist with the ongoing site training of Trainee Scaffolders and laborers whenever
possible.
He must attend Safety Meetings pertaining to his function and take part in any training
necessary.
He must be capable of carrying out and may work unsupervised on all work listed in trainee
operations plus:
Beams to form openings and gantries Heavy duty birdcage scaffolds
Truss-out scaffolds Cantilever drop scaffolds
Cantilevered scaffolds Fix hilti ties
System scaffolds Checking scaffolds for faults
Simple modifications to scaffolds
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
33 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
Foreman Scaffolder
Responsible for carrying out his duties in a manner conducive to that laid down in BCC
Scaffolding Guidelines.
He is responsible to his supervisor for carrying out erection, alteration, modification anddismantling of scaffolds as directed by the BCC Supervisor on site.
He is responsible for pre-planning work schedules and material movements to ensure smooth
movement of tasks and to liaise with his team to inform them of their role.
He is to ensure all operatives under his control are competent in fulfilling the tasks he sets them
in a safe manner.
He is responsible for creating a standard of performance in his team which will comply with BCC
Scaffolding Guidelines.
He must be capable of carrying out all work listed in the trainee and basic scaffolder sections
plus:
Tubular drop scaffold Wire slung scaffold
Dead, raking and flying shores System scaffolds to support formwork
Alteration and modification of scaffolds Scale and interpret scaffold drawings
Manual rope and winch operated
boatswains chairs and cradles
An Foreman Scaffolder will not have more than two Basic Scaffolders and two Trainee
Scaffolders working with him at any time. Any more than this number will require a supevisor to
take charge.
He must have a good working knowledge of the Construction working place
1.3 Scaffold Inspector
He must be capable of performing the duties specified in 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 in addition to the
following:
Checking that standards are correctly aligned and properly supported at their bases.
Checking that there is no undue deflection in ledgers and transoms.
Checking that all essential members of the structure are present.
Checking that all ties and braces are effective in stabilising the scaffold.
Checking that all couplers are properly tightened.
Checking that all boards are in sound condition, correctly supported and, where
appropriate, tied down.
Checking that all guardrails and toeboards are in place.
Checking that all ladders are in good condition and properly secured.
Signing the SCAFFTAG, ensuring that it is properly displayed with the appropriate
category of tick for the scaffold.
Checking that appropriate documentation is in place.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
34 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
APPENDIX 2 Safety Check Lists (Please see attached F91 Register format)
2.1 Scaffolds
1 Base soundness; adequate spread of load; avoidance of manhole covers, etc; no nearby excavation
2 Line of standards and ledgers, verticality of standards
3 Ledgers horizontal, joints staggered.
4 Spacing of transoms
5 Sway bracing complete to top, every 30 m
6 Guardrails and toeboards properly fastened, stop and boards in place.
7 Longitudinal and ledger bracing
8 Means of access
9 Ties: number, positions, security
10 Security of boards, toeboards and guardrails.
11 Security and correct use of all fittings (couplers), particularly on transoms and bracing
12 Condition of tubes and fittings
13 Damage by loads swinging from cranes or by falling material
14 Overloading
15 Security of stacked material
16 Walkways clear of stored material and waste
17 Holes and openings fenced off
18 Lighting adequate
19 Wheels locked correctly when a mobile tower is in use
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
35 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
2.2 Towers
1 Manufacturers instructions followed for proprietary systems
2 Working platform: smaller base to height ratio external 3:1 internal 3.5:1
3 Working platform: size within base dimension.
4 Working platform: close boarded and evenly supported
5 Working platform: guardrails and toeboards if above 2.0m
6 Correct fittings used
7 Ladder access properly secured and clear of ground if on mobile tower
8 Overloading
9 Security of stacked material
10 No riding on tower when being moved
11 Wheels locked or raised when a mobile tower is in use
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
36 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
Appendiz 3 Glossary of Terms
Some of the more common definitions used in connection with scaffolding are listed below.
3.1 Types and Dimensions of Scaffolds
Bay Space between the centrelines of two adjacent standards along the
face of a scaffold
Foot lift The lift erected nearest to the ground.
Free-standing scaffold A scaffold which is not attached to any other structure and is stable
against overturning on its own account or, if necessary, assisted by
guys or rakers and anchors.
Independent tied scaffold A scaffold which has two lines of standards, one line supporting the
outside of the deck and one the inside. The transoms are not built
into the wall at the structure. It is not free standing, but is tied into
the structure to prevent overturning.
Lift The assembly of ledgers and transoms forming each horizontal
level of a scaffold.
Scaffold A temporary structure which provides access, or from which
persons work, or which is used to support material, plant or
equipment.
Slung scaffold A scaffold hanging on tubes, ropes or chains from a structure
overhead. It is not capable of being moved or lowered.
Suspended scaffold A scaffold hanging on ropes which is capable of being suspended,or raised and lowered.
3.2 Tubular Members and Beams
Brace A tube placed diagonally with respect to the vertical or horizontal
members of a scaffold and fixed to them to afford structural strength.
Bridle A horizontal tube fixed across an opening or parallel to the face of a
structure to support the inner end of a putlog, transom or tie tube.
Bolted tie Assembly of nuts, bolts, anchors, rings or tubes fixed into the surface of
a structure.
Butting transom Transom extended inwards to butt the structure to prevent scaffolding
moving inwards.
Faade brace A brace parallel to the face of a structure.
Guardrail A member incorporated in a structure to prevent the fall of a person
from a platform or access way.
Knee brace A brace across the corner of an opening in a scaffold to stiffen the
angles or to stiffen the end support of a beam.
Ledger A longitudinal tube normally fixed parallel to the face of a structure in
the direction of the larger dimensions of the scaffold. It acts as a
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
37 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
support for the putlogs and transoms and frequently for the tie tubes
and ledger braces and is usually joined to the adjacent standards.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
38 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
Ledger brace A brace at right angles to a structure.
Lip tie An assembly of tubes forming an L-or J-shaped hook round an inside
surface of a structure.
Longitudinal brace A brace generally in the plane of the longer dimension of the scaffold,particularly in bird-cages
Movable tie A tie which may be temporarily moved for the execution of work.
Non-movable tie A tie which will not be moved during the life of a scaffold, as agreed
between the user and the scaffold erector.
Plan brace A brace in a horizontal plane.
Prop tie An assembly of telescopic props and/or scaffold tubes jacked or
wedged between the floors inside a structure and including a tie tube.
Push/pull tie A tie which only acts to prevent the scaffold moving either towards or
away from the structure.
Raker An inclined load-bearing tube.
Standard A vertical or near vertical tube which carries scaffolds weight, and loads
imposed to the supporting structure.
Sway transom A transom extended inwards in contact with a reveal or the side of a
column to prevent the scaffold moving sideways.
Through tie A tie assembly through a window or other opening in a wall.
Tie or tie assembly The components attached to an anchorage, or the structure, or framed
around a part of it, or wedged or screwed into it with a tie tube. Used to
secure the scaffold to the structure.
Transom A tube spanning across ledgers to form the support for boards or units
forming the working platform, or to connect the outer standards to the
inner standards.
Transverse brace A brace generally in the plane of the shorter dimension of the scaffold.
Wire tie An assembly of a ring anchor and wire or steel banding used to tie the
scaffold to the structure or building. Also known as a band tie.
3.3 Scaffold Couplers and Fittings
Adjustable base plate A metal base plate embodying a screwjack.
Base plate A metal plate with a spigot for distributing the load from a standard
or raker or other load-bearing tube.
Brace coupler This coupler, whilst primarily designed for securing putlogs and
transoms to ledgers, also conforms to the requirements for a
bracing coupler.
Check coupler A coupler added to a joint under load to give additional security to
the coupler (s) carrying the load. Also known as safety coupler.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
39 | P a g e
A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup
Coupler A component used to fix scaffold tubes together.
Joint Pin An expanding fitting placed in the bore of a tube to connect one
tube to another coaxially.
Parallel coupler A coupler used to join two tubes in parallel.
Right-angle coupler A load-bearing coupler used to join tubes at right angles.
Sleeve coupler An external coupler used to join one tube to another coaxially.
Sole plate A timber, concrete or metal spreader used to distribute the load
from a standard or base plate to the ground.
Swivel coupler A coupler used for joining tubes at an angle other than a right
angle.
3.4 Other Terms in General Use
Brick guard A metal or other fender filling the gap between the guardrail and toeboard, and
sometimes incorporating one or both of these components.
Buttressing The fixing of additional tubes at 45obetween the ground and the corner or side
of a structure to increase the stability of the structure. Also know as stabilising.
Kentledge Dead weight built in or added to a structure to ensure adequate stability.
Protection fans Devices attached to scaffolding to intercept anything which may fall
from the scaffold structure. Fans may be made of netting, canvas or plastic
sheeting, corrugated iron or special purpose panelling. There are 4 classes:Class A light duty to protect pedestrians from paint or cement droppings
Class B medium duty for protection against falling aggregate and bricks from
a height not exceeding 10 metres
Class C for catching objects larger and heavier than bricks or for bricks falling
from a height greater than 10 metres and designed specifically for this
application.
Class D for arresting the fall of a person or similar weight from a height of 6
metres or the distance of 2 building stories.
Stagings Prefabricated, longitudinal platforms made from selected timber, reinforced with
metal tierods and wires. They are used as working platforms.
Toeboard An upstand at the edge of a platform, intended to prevent materials or
operatives feet from slipping off the platform.
Working platform The deck from which building operations are carried out.
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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC
Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist
Appendix 4 Checklist for Examination of Ladders
ITEM CHECKS
Identity markings Identification marking legible and containing as a minimum:
A unique registration number (as entered in ladder register)
Other markings my include:
Name of manufacturer
Type of ladder
Year and month of manufacture
Maximum permissable load
Surface finish Edges, corners and protruding parts chamfered or rounded and free of
burrs and splinters
Corrosion protection, e.g. galvanising, of metal parts intact
Surface treatment of wooden ladders in good condition
Rungs, steps and
crossbars
No visible cracks or breaks
Secure with no twisting or sideways movement between rungs and stiles
Reinforcement intact
Non-slip coated surfaces intact and adhering firmly
No more than one rung above a tied or reinforced rung at either end
(this check only applies to wooden ladders)
Stiles No cracks or breaks, or visible compression creases in wooden stiles
Reinforcement undamaged and secure with no stranding or protrusions
Anti-skid plugs for metal ladders secure I stile ends
No protruding rung end security fasteners, e.g. screws, nails
Tie rods secure with all fasteners tight
Rivets and rivetting on metal ladders tight with no free movement
Fittings Ropes in good c
Recommended