8.2 Plants Without Seeds

8.2 Plants Without Seeds

Nonvascular Plants

Do not grow tall Do not have roots, stems or leaves

Live in moist areas Absorb water directly from environment Sperm cells swim to egg cells

Only 3 major groups Mosses Liverworts Hornworts

Mosses

Grow in damp, shady spotsRhizoids – thin, rootlike structures that

anchor the moss and absorb water and nutrients from the soil

Liverworts

Often grow on rocks by a streamLeaf-like structures resemble a human liver

Hornworts

Usually live in moist soil, mixed in with grassSporophytes look like horns

Seedless Vascular Plants

First types of vascular plantsDo not have seeds

Reproduce with spores

Can grow tallMust grow in moist surroundings

Must be enough water for fertilization to occur

3 Main types Ferns Horsetails Club Mosses

Ferns

Fronds – fern leavesSpores are spread by wind and water

Will grow into plant if it lands in moist, shaded soil

Horsetails

Jointed stemsStems contain silica,

a gritty substance also in sand

Prefer to grow in sandy soil

Considered a nuisance weed, because it easily regrows after being pulled out

Club Mosses

NOT mossesLooks like a small

pine tree Ground pine

Typically grow near streams