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5/24/16
1
JodieBachmanD.O.SportsMedicineFellow
SaintBarnabasMedicalCenterAOASMNationalConference
History! 17-year-oldmalehighschool
footballplayerwhowastackledhightohisrightsidewhileoutstretchedtocompleteareception
! Helandedonthegroundonhisleftside
! Wasunabletogetupoffthegroundfollowingtheplay
! EvaluatedonthefieldbyhisATC&assistedoffthefieldoncestable
History! reportfromtheATCwasthathe“hadthewindknockedoutofhim”
! initialevaluationonthesidelinerevealedmildshortnessofbreathandsub-sternaltenderness
! re-evaluationseveralminuteslaterwaspositiveforRUQtenderness,worseningshortnessofbreath,andaninabilitytotakedeepbreaths
! hewasmovedbygolfcartfromthesidelinetothefacilitiestrainingroom
! re-evaluationrevealedstablevitalssignwithminorhypotension,cold/clammyskin,andworseningRUQpain
! decisionwasmadetotransferathletebyambulancetotheERforfurtherevaluation
Differen3alDiagnosis! sternalcontusion! ribcontusion! ribfracture! livercontusion! liverlaceration
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EmergencyRoomEvalua3on! vitalswerestable! bloodworkwaswithin
normallimits! CTrevealedagrade3hepatic
lacerationextendingfromthegallbladderfossaanterolaterallytothesurfaceoftheliver
! lacerationmeasuredapproximately6cminlengthandcontainedhyperdensematerialpossiblyrepresentingactiveextravasation
HospitalStay! admittedfor48hourobservation
! CTscanrepeatedpriortodischarge
! instructedbysurgicalteamathospitaltorefrainfromphysicalactivityforfourweeks,andnotreturntofullcontactsportsparticipationuntilatleastsixweekspostinjury
Anatomy! abdominalorgansareprotectedfromdirecttraumabythelowerribsandmusclesoftheabdominalwall! liveristhelargestsolidorgan! locatedintheRUQoftheabdominalcavitybeneaththediaphragmandontopofthestomach,rightkidney,andsmallintestine
Anatomy! enclosedbytheribcageanteriorlyandlaterally! shapedlikeacone&weighs~3lbs! dividedintorightandleftlobes! receives20%ofit'sbloodsupplyfromthehepaticarteryand80%
fromtheportalvein
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Anatomy! childrenandadolescents
! compacttorsowithsmalleranteriortoposteriordiameter
! smallerareaoverwhichforcecanbedissipated
! relativelylargerviscera! lessoverlyingfat! weakerabdominalmusculature
Anatomy! Livermoresusceptibletoinjurydueto
! largesize! softconsistency! locationinupperthreequadrantsoftheabdomen! highvascularity
AbdominalInjuryandTrauma! typicallyassociatedwithcontactsports! canoccurinnon-contactsportswheretheinjurycanbecausedbyanindirectdecelerationmechanism
• ex:trafficaccidents,falls
AbdominalInjury&Trauma! Signsandsymptoms
! abdominalpain! tendernessovertheinjuredarea! rigidabdomen! painreferredtotheupperextremities! coldsweatyskin(shock)! bluishdiscolorationofthebelly! nausea! vomiting! rapidpulse! lowbloodpressure! lossoforalteredlevelofconsciousness! laboredbreathing
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LiverInjury! secondmostcommonsolidorganinjuredintheabdomenduringparticipationinsportactivities
! occursinabout10%ofabdominaltrauma! mostcausedbydirectblowtotheRUQ! rightlobemostcommonlyinjuredbecauseofit’slargersizeandjuxtapositiontotheribs
LiverInjury! SignsandSymptoms
! nausea! vomiting! lightheadedness! ecchymosis! chesttenderness! abdominaltenderness! fractureofribs10-12! abdominaldistension! muscleguarding
Imaging! CTisthediagnosticmodalityofchoiceforevaluationofbluntlivertrauma! Pros
! sizeofinjury! extentandshapeoflesion
! linear! round! branchingareasofdecreasedattenuationwithintheliverparenchyma
! identifyhepaticparenchymalinjuries! quantifythedegreeofinjurytohemoperitoneum! revealassociatedinjuriestootherabdominalorgans,retroperitoneal
structures,andthegastrointestinaltract! Cons
! littlecapabilitydetectinginjurytohollowviscousstructure! procedureistimeconsuming! contraststudy! requiresexpertiseforaccurateinterpretationofsubtlefindings
Imaging! DiagnosticPeritonealLavage
! oftenperformedtoevaluatebluntabdominalinjuriesforthepresenceofhemoperitoneum
! Pros! 98.5%sensitivity
! Cons! sourceofbleedingisnotcertain! hasapoorcapabilitytodetectretroperitonealbleeding! smallriskassociatedwiththeinvasivenessoftheprocedure
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Imaging! Ultrasound
! Pros! idealchoiceinthehemodynamicallyunstablepatient! sensitivityofapproximately85%andaspecificityof99%in
detectingintra-abdominalinjuries! canvisualizefreeintraperitonealfluid
! Cons! operatordependent! lesssensitivethanCT! pooratgradingtheinjuryandidentifyingtheinjuredorgan! conditionsidentifiedonultrasoundinstablepatientswill
eventuallyrequireCTtoidentifytheinjuryandtoguidemanagement)
LiverLacera3ons! acutelacerationscanrangefromasmalltearwithlittlebleedingtoadeepseverelesionscausingsignificantbleeding
! ifsevereenoughsurgicalinterventionmaybenecessary! classifiedonagradingscalefrom1-6! gradedaccordingto
! size! depth! extentofinjury
! superficiallacerationsarelessthanorequalto3cm! deeplacerationsaregreaterthan3cm
LiverLacera3ons Management! CTdocumentationofresolutionwasoncestandardofcare
! nolongerrecommendedunlessclinicallyindicated! healingofasimpleliverlacerationsandsubcapsularhematomarequires2-4months
! alargeandcomplexlacerationcanrequireupto6monthsforcompletehealing
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ReturntoAc3vity! restrictionofactivityisrecommendedasfollows:
! gradeI–3weeks! gradeII–4weeks! gradeIII–5weeks! gradeIV–6weeks
Backtoourcase…..
Outcome! Seenforfollowup4weekspost-injury
! abdominalultrasoundatthattimewasinconclusive&repeatCTrequestedbyradiologist
! CTshowedlacerationhaddecreasedinsizefrom6cmto6X3mm
Outcome! finalCTdone3weekslater(10weekspost-injury)
! completeresolutionoflaceration
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ReturntoAc3vity! clearedtoreturntosportsconditioningworkat4weekspost-injury
! returntofullsportsactivitywithnorestrictionsat10weeks
! athletewillwearprotectivepaddingduringsportsparticipation
TakeHomePoints! liverlacerationscanbelifethreatening&mustberecognizedandtreatedpromptly
! CTisthebestchoiceforimagingtheseinjuries! ifathleteremainsstabletheycanusuallyreturntolightexerciseat4weekswithreturntofullcontactsportsbetween3-6months
! athleteshouldnotcompeteuntilanatomicandfunctionalhealingoccurs! CTresolution! normalizationofliverenzymes
! timingofreturntofullcontactsportsparticipationshouldbedeterminedbytheteamphysicianonanindividualbasis
Acknowledgements! Dr.MicheleGilsenan! Dr.VaibhavMangrulkar
Questions?
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