View
67
Download
5
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Brittany Konradi 1 Mentors: Melinda Beerends 2 and Dr. Kristie Franz 1 Iowa State University 1 , NWS Des Moines 2. A Comparison of Iowa Flash Flood Events and Eight Common Features of Excessive Rainfall for 2006-2011. Outline. Background Information Methodology Analysis and Results - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Brittany Konradi1Mentors: Melinda Beerends2 and Dr.
Kristie Franz1
Iowa State University1, NWS Des Moines2
A Comparison of Iowa Flash Flood Events and Eight Common Features of Excessive Rainfall for 2006-2011
Outline Background Information Methodology Analysis and Results Conclusions Future Work
Background Flash flood occurs within 6 hours of a
causative event Flood forecasts
Flash flood guidance (FFG) software from local river forecast center (RFC)
Soil conditions, estimated precipitation, river levels, and terrain
Current variable checklist is small Improve checklist
Motivation Second-most deadly weather event in
the United States First is heat-related events
Damages and fatalities are increasing Antecedent environmental conditions
and location
Hypothesis When environmental and antecedent
conditions meet the criteria of Maddox et al. (1979), a flash flood event will occur in Iowa.
Data Archived data
Iowa Environmental Mesonet Storm Prediction Center NCDC (National Climatic Data
Center) StormData Wunderground University of Wyoming soundings AWIPS (Advanced Weather
Interactive Processing System)
Case Selection Watches, Warnings,
and LSRs Ice jams 1. Watch and warning
issued, and flash flood reported
2. Watch issued, and no flash flood reported
3. No watch issued, and flash flood reported
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Winter Events and Watches per YearExcluded Winter EventsTotal Watches
Num
ber o
f Wat
ches
CasesCase Start (UTC) End (UTC) Flood
EventWatch
1 10/14/2007 21:00
10/15/2007 8:48
Yes Yes
2 4/25/2008 2:00
4/25/2008 16:53
Yes Yes
3 5/11/2008 0:00
5/11/2008 8:57
No Yes
4 7/7/2010 8:00
7/7/2010 18:00
Yes No
5 8/9/2010 3:00
8/10/2010 15:00
Yes No
6 5/25/2011 8:00
5/26/2011 2:20
No Yes
Maddox et al. (1979) Eight criteria1. Associated with convective storms.2. Surface dew points are high.3. High moisture content is present throughout the layer4. Weak to moderate vertical wind shear throughout the
layer5. Repeatedly move over the same area6. Weak, mid-tropospheric, meso-α scale trough
Meso-α scale = 200-2000 km (squall lines, MCSs, tropical cyclones)
7. Very near the mid-tropospheric, large-scale ridge position
8. Occurs during the nighttime hours
Results: Convective (#1) and Motion (#5)
Lightning strikes and slow motion
Case 1 (10/14/2007) Case 3 (5/10/2008)
Results: Dew Point (#2) Threshold: Climatological average
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
10203040506070
Dew Point vs. Climatological Average
Avg Max Clim. Avg
Case Number
Dew
Poi
nt (˚
F)
Case Td Climate Avg (˚F)
14 Oct 2007
42.6
25 Apr 2008
41.5
10 May 2008
46.1
7 Jul 2010
64.3
9 Aug 2010
64.2
25 May 2011
52.0
Results: Moisture (#3) High moisture throughout layer
Moisture transport vectors, Θe, and precipitable water Equivalent potential temperature = total moisture and heat
Case 1 Case 3
Results: Precipitable Water (#3) Threshold: Climatological average
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
0.51
1.52
2.53
Precipitable Water vs. Clima-tological Average
Min Max Clim. Avg
Case
Prec
ipita
ble
Wat
er (i
n)
Case Pwat Climate Avg (in.)
14 Oct 2007
0.53
25 Apr 2008
0.75
10 May 2008
0.93
7 Jul 2010
1.22
9 Aug 2010
1.1
25 May 2011
1.06
Results: Shear (#4) Threshold: Weak to
Moderate shear Slower storm motion
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
102030405060
0-6 km Shear vs. Criteria0-6 km shear Criteria
Case
0-6
km sh
ear
(kts
)
Criteria Threshold
0-1 km shear
< 12 kts
0-6 km shear
< 35 kts
Effective shear
< 25 kts
Results: Shear (#4) Threshold:
Veering near surface
Uni-directional aloft
Increasing in magnitude with height
Case 1 (left) Ideal Maddox
(middle) Case 3 (right)
Results: Set-up (#6, #7) Thresholds:
Weak, mid-tropospheric, meso-α scale trough
500 mb analysis Mid-tropospheric, large-
scale ridge position
Maddox et al (1979) ideal set-up
Double jet streaks Strong moisture axis at all levels Developing cyclone
Results: Set-up Case 1
SW trough Large-scale
ridge
300 mb
500 mb
Surface
850 mb
Results: Set-up Case 3
Short-wave trough
Large-scale trough
850 mb
Surface
500 mb
300 mb
Results: Nighttime event (#8) Nighttime event
3Z to 12 Z Low-level jet
Results: Antecedent Precipitation
1
2
3
4
5
6
0% 200% 400% 600%
Monthly Percentage of Normal Precipitation
Percent of Normal
Cas
e
1
2
3
4
5
6
0% 50%
100%
150%
200%
Annual Percentage of Normal Precipitation
Percent of Normal
Cas
e
Results: Criteria ComparisonCase Flood
EventConvectiv
eDew Point
Moisture Content
1 Yes X X X2 Yes X X X3 No X 4 Yes X X X5 Yes X X X6 No X X
Case Vertical shear
Same Area
SW Troug
h
Ridge
Night
1 X X X X2 X X X3 X X4 X X X 5 X X X X6 X
Conclusion Moisture and
forcing Cyclone maturity
and weak to moderate shear
Flood events meet more criteria
Case Flood Event
Watch
Criteria Met
1 Yes Yes 7
2 Yes Yes 63 No Yes 34 Yes No 65 Yes No 76 No Yes 3
Future Work More cases Only spring and fall events Freezing level
Winds increase with height in radiosonde LLJ influence
References Ashley, S. T. and W. S. Ashley, 2008: Flood Fatalities in the United States. J. Appl.
Meteor. Climatol., 47, 805–818. Ashley, W. S., 2007: Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Tornado Fatalities in the United
States: 1880–2005. Wea. Forecasting, 22, 1214–1228. Doswell, C. A., H. E. Brooks, and R. A. Maddox, 1996: Flash Flood Forecasting: An Ingredients-Based Methodology. Wea.
Forecasting, 11, 560–581. European Space Agency, cited 2009: SMOS Scientific Objectives. [Available online at
http://www.esa.int/esaLP/ESAS7C2VMOC_LPsmos_0.html.] Funk, Theodore W., 1991: Forecasting Techniques Utilized by the Forecast Branch of the
National Meteorological Center During a Major Convective Rainfall Event. Wea. Forecasting, 6, 548–564.
Junker, N. W., R. S. Schneider, and S. L. Fauver, 1999: A Study of Heavy Rainfall Events during the Great Midwest Flood of 1993. Wea. Forecasting, 14, 701–712.
Maddox, R. A., C. F. Chappell, and L. R. Hoxit, 1979: Synoptic and Meso-α Scale Aspects of Flash Flood Events1. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 60, 115–123.
Morss, Rebecca E., 2010: Interactions among Flood Predictions, Decisions, and Outcomes: Synthesis of Three Cases. Natural Hazards Review, 11, 3, 83.
WFO DMX Station Duty Manual, Vol. 1, Section 5.2, 2011. Roebber, P. J., and J. Eise, 2001: The 21 June 1997 Flood: Storm-Scale Simulations and
Implications for Operational Forecasting. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 197–218
Acknowledgements Mindy Beerends Kristie Franz
Questions?
Vortex Insurance Agency cited 2009. [Available online at http://www.vortexinsuranceagency.com/AboutUs/InsuranceOrDerivative.aspx.]
Recommended