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A Satellite View
Africa at Night
• *The primary influences on the climates of Africa are latitude and wind systems
Africa’s Size
# Second largest continent 11,700,000 sq. mi.
# 10% of the world’s population.
# 2 ½ times the size of the U. S.
5000
MILES
4 6 0 0 M I L E S
Bodies
Of
Water
Nile River
Congo River
Zambezi River
Niger River
Orange River
Limpopo River
Mediterranean Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Red Sea
L. Victoria
L. Albert-->
L. Chad-->
L. Tanganyika->
<--Gu
lf of A
den
The Mighty Nile River:
“Longest River in the World”
The Congo River Basin
# Covers 12% of thecontinent.
# Extends over 9countries.
# 2,720 miles long.
# 99% of the countryof Zaire is in theCongo River basin.
The Niger River Basin
# Covers 7.5% of the continent.
# Extends over 10 countries.
# 2,600 miles long.
Hydroelectric Power
Draje
nsburg
Mts
.
Ruwenzori M
ts.
Δ Mt. Kenya
Δ Mt. Kilimanjaro
Mountains
&
Peaks
Atlas Mts.
The African Plateau
Deserts Sahara Desert
Sahel
Kalahari
Desert
Nam
ib D
esert
Libyan Desert
The Sahara Desert
*The Sahara limits much migration
between northern and southern
Africa.
Desertification
The shift of desert is called desertification- an expanse of dry conditions into moist areas that are
next to deserts.
The Sahel
It is a narrow band of dry grassland that runs east to west along the southern edge of the
Sahara.
Sahel• A narrow band of semi-arid land south of the Sahara, the
Sahel attracted both Arabs looking for gold from Sudan and
Europeans looking for slaves from West Africa.
• The Sahel is widely French-speaking, Islamic and takes its
name ("shore") from Arabic.
• In the 1970s, the Sahel captured international attention
when drought and famine killed nearly 200,000 people.
Though conditions have since improved, it has yet to shake a
vicious cycle of soil erosion, insufficient irrigation,
deforestation, overpopulation, desertification and drought.
• The area tends to find Islam
religions in the North and non-
Islam in the South. Since a
majority of this region is
religiously divided, there have
been many civil wars between
the Islamic and non-Islamic
people in the countries.
Valleys
&
Plains
Gre
at R
ift
Val
ley
Great Rift Valley
3,000 miles long
*As the continent plates(tectonics) pulled apart the
land sank to form long thin valleys-
called rift valleys.
Seismic Activity in Africa
Africa:
The“Tropica
l”Contine
nt
Tropic of Cancer 20° N
Tropic of Capricorn20° S
Equator 0°
African Trade Winds
*The primary influences on the climates of Africa are latitude and wind
systems
West Africa: Home of our Hurricanes
Vegetation Zones
The African Savannah:
13 million sq. mi.
African Rain Forest
# Annual rainfall of up to 17 ft.
# Rapid decomposition (very humid).
# Covers 37 countries.
# 15% of the land surface of Africa.
Mt. Kilimanjaro:Snow on the Equator?
The
Complete
Topography
Of
AFRICA
Nile River
Congo River
Zambezi River
Niger River
Orange River
Limpopo River
Mediterranean Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Red Sea
L. Victoria
L. Albert-->
L. Chad-->
L. Tanganyika->
<--Gu
lf of A
den
Drajensburg Mts.
Ruw
enzori Mts.
Δ Mt. Kenya
Δ Mt. Kilimanjaro
Sahara Desert
Sahel
Kalahari
Desert
Nam
ib D
esert
Libyan Desert
Gre
at R
ift
Val
ley
Atlas Mts.
Tropic of Cancer 20° N
Tropic of Capricorn20° S
Equator 0°
Natural Resources*Agriculture is the single most important economic activity in Africa.
• After oil, coffee is the most profitable commodity in Africa.
• *Lumber (Central Africa) is another important commodity.
• Sugar, palm oil, and cocoa (main ingredient in chocolate) are other commodities.
Subsistence Agriculture• *Primary
economic activities like subsistence agriculture make up the majority of Africa’s economy.
Migration and Emigration• *People have moved in
Africa because of disease, conflict and famine.
• A person emigrates FROM a specific place (Germany or Norway or wherever). This person can then immigrate to the United States or somewhere else. Emigration is the act of leaving and immigration is the act of entering another nation.
Triangular Trade
• The trade system of African slaves to the Americas and plantation crops to Europe was called the triangular trade.
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/29554-assignment-discovery-triangular-trade-video.htm
The Policy of Apartheid in South Africa
• In 1948 the White minority government of South Africa instituted a policy of apartheid or complete separation of races.
• In 1912 blacks founded the African National Congress (ANC) to fight for their rights.
• *A lasting effect of Apartheid still evident today is that white South Africans are much wealthier and have more opportunities than black South Africans.
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/29503-assignment-discovery-apartheid-in-south-africa-video.htm
Colonialism
• After World War I, Britain and France divided the lands of the Ottoman Empire.
• Colonialism is the extension of a state’s authority through conquest and/or settlement. This term is often used to describe the pattern of global control exercised by the European powers from around the 1400s until after World War II.
• *South Africa still has many of the cultural traits of its former British colonial rulers
Legacy of Colonialism• Africa is still recovering from the effects of
colonialism. • Europeans invested little in Africa. They left
behind no money to develop roads, airports, or a productive educational system.
• The area is rich in natural resources, however money and infrastructure are needed to develop these resources. They only built transportations systems like railroads because it helped to get resources out of Africa.
Berlin Conference• *Europeans did not want to
fight over Africa so they convened the Berlin Conference in order to divide Africa and obtain it’s resources.
• Liberia and Ethiopia remained free of European control.
14 States divided up Africa withoutconsideration of cultures• Results of superimposed
boundaries• African peoples were divided.• Unified regions were ripped
apart.• Hostile societies were thrown
together.• Hinterlands were disrupted.• Migration routes were closed off.
Health Care in Africa
• AIDS has become a pandemic.
• A pandemic is an uncontrollable outbreak of a disease over a large area.
• Some Geographers predict that the worst affected countries population could decline by 10 to 20 percent.
MALARIA
Malaria is probably Africa's No. 1
most widely spread disease and
in most regions of Africa you
should take protective measures.
Although it is not possible to
protect yourself totally you can
reduce the risk of getting a
serious, sometimes life
threatening, bout of the disease.
Malaria can take from 7 days to
several months to incubate and
the symptoms range from
headaches, pain and flu-likes
aches to sometimes experiencing
disorientation and high
temperatures. www.africaguide.com
Kimberly Process• The Kimberley Process is
an attempt to halt the sales of diamonds from conflict areas, where those funds are used to support the unlawful and illegal operations of rebel, military and terrorist groups.
• The Kimberly Process has been successful at preventing the sale of blood diamonds.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21134540/vp/38583776#38583776
Conflict in Sub Saharan Africa
Causes Contributing to Conflict• Poverty• Ethnic/Religious
differences• Poor education• Competition for natural
resources• Political boundaries• Internal power
transitions• Changes in the balance
of power among states
How many of these do you think relate to Sub-Saharan Africa?
• ©2012, TESCCC
Effects of Conflict
• Civil War• Destruction of
infrastructure• Poverty• Refugees• Migration• Terrorism• High death tolls• Corruption• Genocide
How many of these effects can be seen in Sub-Saharan Africa?
• ©2012, TESCCC
Rwanda Genocide
• Civil War between the Hutu and Tutsi groups in Rwanda. Resulted in almost 1 million deaths. Ethnic conflict resulting in mass migration and refugee camps.
• ©2012, TESCCC
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