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Byk additives, the effect that additives have on coatings.
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2012 Cal Poly
Wetting and Dispersing Additives+ Defoaming Additives
4/30/2012, Page 2, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
4/30/2012, Page 3, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Pigment Dispersion
Dispersion
Flocculation
AgglomerateFlocculate
Flocculated Deflocculated
Primary Particle(Ideal Dispersion)
4/30/2012, Page 4, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Flocculation
4/30/2012, Page 5, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Pigment Properties
Chemistry determines: Shade Fastness Cost
Particle shape & size determines: Opacity / transparency Strength Rheology Dispersibility
Surface treatment determines: Durability Dispersibility
Primary Particle
4/30/2012, Page 6, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing ProcessWetting and Dispersing Process
Wetting and Dispersion Stabilizing
additives
4/30/2012, Page 7, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting Additives
4/30/2012, Page 8, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting Additives
4/30/2012, Page 9, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Dispersing Additives
4/30/2012, Page 10, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Pigment Stabilization
Coating System Stabilization Mechanism
• Solvent-Borne
• Water-Reducible
• Emulsion
• Steric Hindrance
• Charge / Steric Hindrance
• Charge
4/30/2012, Page 11, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Pigment Stabilization - Solvent
Steric Hindrance
4/30/2012, Page 12, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
hydrophilic
lipophilic
Wetting Additives
Disperbyk®-181/187
4/30/2012, Page 13, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
–
–
–
––
–
Dispersing Additives
BYK®-156
–
––
4/30/2012, Page 14, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Pigment Stabilization - Water
W 0032 07/98
Electrostatic Repulsion
– +–––
––
– –
– ––
––––– – +
+
++
+
++
++
+
++++
–+–––
––
––
–– –––––––
++
++
+
+
+
++
+
+ + ++
4/30/2012, Page 15, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing Additives
Deflocculating
Controlledflocculating
4/30/2012, Page 16, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing Additives
Deflocculating
Higher glossLower hazeHigher color strengthImproved hiding powerBetter transparencyLow viscosity / Newtonian Flow No flooding & floating
For Appearance
Advantages of deflocculation:
Possible side-effects:SaggingSettling
4/30/2012, Page 17, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesControlledflocculating
Better sag resistanceBetter anti-settlingNo color separation
For Function
Advantages:
Possible side-effects:Lower glossReduced hiding power
4/30/2012, Page 18, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Low molecular weight Higher molecular weight
Wetting and Dispersing Additives
4/30/2012, Page 19, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Higher molecular weight
Excellent steric stabilization
No negative influence on weathering / durability
Larger number of pigment anchoring groups
Strong & permanent adsorption on pigment surface
Higher MW Additives: Properties
4/30/2012, Page 20, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
High Molecular Weight W&D Additives
4/30/2012, Page 21, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Different pigments in the same resin system
can carry different charges
2-pack acrylic resinControl
Bayferrox 130 M +Special black 4 - - -Cinquasia red Y FT 859 D + +Chromophtal red A 2 B - -
+,++,+++ = weak, strong, very strong positive charge-,--,--- = weak, strong, very strong negative chargeo = no detectable charge
Pigment Charges
4/30/2012, Page 22, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
+
- + - +
Pigment Charges
4/30/2012, Page 23, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Different pigments in the same resin system
can carry different charges
2-pack acrylic resinControl With Additive
Bayferrox 130 M + ++Special black 4 - - - ++Cinquasia red Y FT 859 D + + ++Chromophtal red A 2 B - - ++
+,++,+++ = weak, strong, very strong positive charge-,--,--- = weak, strong, very strong negative chargeo = no detectable charge
Pigment Charges
4/30/2012, Page 24, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
+
- + - +
+
+ +++
Proper stabilization
Pigment Charges
4/30/2012, Page 25, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Set-up for Charge Measurement
Power Supply
1 2
34
1 Power Supply 0-60V DC2 Glass plate3 Copper tape4 Gap 0.7-0.9 mm (not drawn to scale)
4/30/2012, Page 26, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
4/30/2012, Page 27, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Higher molecular weight
Excellent steric stabilization
No negative influence on weathering / durability
Larger number of pigment anchoring groups
Strong & permanent adsorption on pigment surface
Uniform positive charge on stabilized pigment particles
Higher MW Additives: Properties
4/30/2012, Page 28, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Pigment Stabilization
Coating System Stabilization Mechanism
• Solvent-Borne
• Water-Reducible
• Emulsion
• Steric Hindrance + Charge
• Charge / Steric Hindrance
• Charge
4/30/2012, Page 29, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Disperbyk®-160 - Family
Wetting and Dispersing Additives
Disperbyk®-182 / Disperbyk®-184
4/30/2012, Page 30, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Disperbyk®-190 Disperbyk®-191
Wetting and Dispersing Additives
4/30/2012, Page 31, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Pigment Stabilization
Coating System Stabilization Mechanism
• Solvent-Borne
• Water-Reducible
• Emulsion
• Steric Hindrance + Charge
• Charge / Steric Hindrance
• Charge + Steric
4/30/2012, Page 32, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Pigment Properties
Chemistry determines: Shade Fastness Cost
Particle shape & size determines: Opacity / transparency Strength Rheology Dispersibility
Surface treatment determines: Durability Dispersibility
Primary Particle
4/30/2012, Page 33, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Pigment Properties
Color / Shade
Hiding Power
Transparency
... Optimal properties obtained by complete pigment deflocculation
4/30/2012, Page 34, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
70
75
80
85
90
95
0 1 2 3
Gloss 20° [%]
Disperbyk 162(cationic)
Disperbyk 110(anionic)
Disperbyk 180(electroneutral)
CR-50 (Ishihara) Dispersant level s.o.p.[%]
Stabilization of TiO2 with BasicSurface Treatment
Treatment:Al2O3/SiO2
4/30/2012, Page 35, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
0 1 2 3
Gloss 20° [%]
Disperbyk 162(cationic)Disperbyk 110
(anionic)
Disperbyk 180(electroneutral)
CR-90 (Ishihara)Dispersant level s.o.p.[%]
Stabilization of TiO2 with Neutral Surface Treatment
Treatment:Al2O3 /SiO2
4/30/2012, Page 36, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
0102030405060708090100
0 1 2 3
Gloss 20° [%]
Disperbyk 162(cationic)
Disperbyk 110(anionic)
Disperbyk 180(electroneutral)
Dispersant Level s.o.p.[%]
Stabilization of TiO2 with Acidic Surface Treatment
Treatment: SiO2
4/30/2012, Page 37, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesSteric hindrance
4/30/2012, Page 38, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesSteric hindrance
4/30/2012, Page 39, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesSteric hindrance
4/30/2012, Page 40, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesSteric hindrance
4/30/2012, Page 41, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesSteric hindrance
4/30/2012, Page 42, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesIncompatibility
4/30/2012, Page 43, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesIncompatibility
4/30/2012, Page 44, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesIncompatibility
4/30/2012, Page 45, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesIncompatibility
4/30/2012, Page 46, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesIncompatibility
4/30/2012, Page 47, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesIncompatibility
4/30/2012, Page 48, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesIncompatibility
4/30/2012, Page 49, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesIncompatibility
4/30/2012, Page 50, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
4/30/2012, Page 51, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Flooding
Vertical pigment separation = flooding
Uniform color in surface
Color is differentunderneath the surface
4/30/2012, Page 52, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
4/30/2012, Page 53, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
FloatingBénard cells
Eddy currents during drying
Horizontal pigment separation= floating
due to
differentdegreesof flocculation
4/30/2012, Page 54, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Why is there Flooding and Floating?
Flocculation increases (secondary) particle size (1-3 magnitudes)
Particles are segregated by currents during film formation (big particles move with the currents)
A basic understanding of pigment dispersion, stabilization and flocculation phenomena is needed to solve the problem
4/30/2012, Page 55, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Use Wetting and Dispersing Additives
Wetting and dispersing additives for all applications
Controlled flocculating or deflocculating types
Solvent-based systems
Water-based systems
With or without grinding resin
4/30/2012, Page 56, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
The Measure of Success!
4/30/2012, Page 57, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Wetting and Dispersing Additives
Questions?
4/30/2012, Page 58, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
What’s foam
How defoamers work
Test methods
4/30/2012, Page 59, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
4/30/2012, Page 60, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Definition of Foam
Dispersion of gas (air) bubbles in a liquid
Foam is characterized as an extremely large interface of gas and liquid with the gas (normally air) encapsulated within the interface
4/30/2012, Page 61, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Bubbles Rise to Surface
V = Velocity of riser = Bubble radius = Viscosity of theliquid
V r2
Stoke’s Law
4/30/2012, Page 62, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Foam Stabilization
hydrophobic / non polar
hydrophilic / polar
Surfactant
4/30/2012, Page 63, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Foam
wet foam dry foam
4/30/2012, Page 64, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Insoluble
Incompatible
Positive spreading coefficient
Defoamers Characteristics
Positive Entering coefficient
4/30/2012, Page 65, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
4/30/2012, Page 66, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Defoamers – How they work
Chemistry and particle size dependent
4/30/2012, Page 67, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Defoaming through Hydrophobic Particles
Hydrophobicparticle
Foam lamella
Saturation will reduce efficiency
4/30/2012, Page 68, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Defoamers - Air Release Agents
DefoamersAct at the surface
Air Release AgentsAct in the film
4/30/2012, Page 69, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Defoamers and Air Release Selection
Low Polarity High
De f
o am
i ng
p rop
e rti e
s
Deaeration properties
Mol
ecul
ar W
eigh
t
High
Low
4/30/2012, Page 70, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Air Release Additive Replaces Interfacially Active Substances
InterfaciallyInterfacially active active substancessubstances
Air release additiveAir release additive
LiquidLiquid
4/30/2012, Page 71, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
BYK 054
4/30/2012, Page 72, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Defects
compatible/soluble
incompatible/insoluble
Defoaming
Foam
Optimum
Air Release Additive Selection
4/30/2012, Page 73, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Defoamer Selection
Foam
Defoaming
Foam
compatible/soluble
incompatible/insoluble
Defects
Optimum
4/30/2012, Page 74, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Defoamer test methods - Low Shear
4/30/2012, Page 75, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Defoamer test methods - High Shear
4/30/2012, Page 76, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
What is controlled incompatibility?
4/30/2012, Page 77, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
Defoamer: Selection Criteria
Duration of shear
Defoamerselection
Point ofaddition
Shear forces available for incorporation
Use level
4/30/2012, Page 78, Forename Surname, Company or Department, Title of the Presentation
ANTI-TERRA®, BYK®, BYK®-DYNWET®, BYK®-SILCLEAN®, BYKANOL®, BYKETOL®, BYKOPLAST®, BYKUMEN®, DISPERBYK®, DISPERPLAST®, LACTIMON®, NANOBYK®, SILBYK® and VISCOBYK®
are registered trademarks of BYK-Chemie. AQUACER®, AQUAFLOUR®, AQUAMAT®, CERACOL®, CERAFAK®, CERAFLOUR®, CERAMAT®, CERATIX® and MINERPOL® are registered trademarks of BYK-Cera.
This information is given to the best of our knowledge. Because of the multitude of formulations, production, and application conditions, all the above mentioned statements have to be adjusted to the circumstances of the processor. No liabilities, including those for patent rights, can be derived from this fact for individual cases.
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