AFRICAN AMERICAN Innovations In Science & Technology

AFRICAN AMERICAN

InnovationsIn

Science&

Technology

TIMBUKTU• 1500th and 1600th

Centuries

• African Intellectual Center famed for its

Law and Medical Universities

Ned ( Slave) : Cotton Cultivator

• 1800s Mississippi

. Persons of bondage not allowed patents

• Invention of farming equipment that could do work equal to four humans and four horses.

Benjamin Banneker, Mathematician

1731-1806 (Maryland)

1. Developed first clock in U. S.

2. Studied astronomy and developed an almanac.

3. 3. Appointed by President George Washington to create

layout out for Washington, D. C.

George Washington Carver,Botanist

1860-1943 (Missouri)

Former slave who became a world renown authority

on plant diseases.

Matthew Henson, Explorer

1866-1955 (Maryland)

First known human to reach the North Pole.

Garrett Morgan, Traffic Signal

• 1877-1963 (Kentucky)

• Inventions also included the gas masks used by both firemen and soldiers.

Madame C. J. Walker, Chemist

• 1867-1919 (Louisiana)

. First self-made woman millionaire.

. Revolutionized the hair care industry.

Lloyd A. Hall, Chemist

1894-1971 (Illinois)

Developed curing salts that revolutionized the processing and preserving of meats

and produce.

Ernest E. Just, Zoologist

1883-1940 (South Carolina)

Pioneered the study of cell life, human metabolism and egg fertilization.

Charles R. Drew, Biologist

1904-1950 (Washington, D.C.)

Introduction of BloodPlasma revolutionizedMedical profession.

Blood Bank’s Founder and first Director.

Dr. Louis T. Wright, Scientist

1891-1952 (Georgia)

Cancer and Clinical Antibiotic research

innovator.

Frederick M. Jones, Electronics

1892-1961(Ohio)

Invented the first automatic refrigeration system for trucks, ships and railroad cars

•

Dr. Percy Julian, Organic Chemist

1899-1975 (Alabama)

Synthesized both cortisone used in treating rheumatoid arthritis and the drug physostigmine

for treating glaucoma.

Dr. Samuel Kountz, Surgeon

1930-1981 (Arkansas)

Innovator of kidney

transplant machine

that preserves post donor kidneys for

up to fifty hours.

Ralph Gardner, Chemist

1922- (Ohio)

Researcher on the

Manhattan Project

resulting in the creation of the

Atomic Bomb.

Dr. Earl Shaw, Physicist

1937- (Mississippi)

Inventor of free electron laser used in study of chemical reactions, biological functions and

semiconductors.

Dr. George Carruthers, Astronomy

1940- (Chicago)

Developer of the lunar surface ultraviolet camera and spectrograph used on the moon by Apollo 16.

Dr. Mary Harris, Molecular Genetics

.Founder and CEO of Bio Technical Communications which specializes in the root causes of

health disparities.

Dr. Shirley A. Jackson, Physicist

. First woman to chair the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

‘ Current President of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

John Thompson, Computer Scientist

- (New York)

Invented lingo programming used in Macromedia Director and Shockwave.

Dr. Mark Dean, Computer Scientist

1957- (Tennessee)

Led design team that

created the first

1-gigahertz processor chip.

Otis Boykin, Computer Engineer

1920-1983 ( Texas)

Invented the electrical resistor used in cardiac

pacemakers and

other electrical

devices.

Dr. Patricia Bath, Ophthalmologist

• Invented the “Laserphaco Probe”

• This device used for initial cataract surgery decreases

discomfort while increasing accuracy.

Dr. Paul Gilbert,RESEARCH CIVIL ENGINEER

.1944 – (Mississippi)

Selected among top 200 U. S. Scientists.

Civil Engineering Research Projects inRussia, England andHarvard University.

Dr. Ronald NcNair,Physicist & NASA Astronaut

1950 – 1986

(South Carolina/

NC A&T Graduate)

Nationally Renown in

field of Laser Physics

Final launch of Space

Shuttle Challenger

on 01-28-1986.

Credits

www.blackinventor.com

www.mathbuffalo.edu

Brodie, J. M. Brodie, J. M. Created Equal: Black American Created Equal: Black American

InnovatorsInnovators . New York: Quill, 1993 . New York: Quill, 1993

Haskins, J. Haskins, J. One More River To CrossOne More River To Cross . New . New York: Scholastic, 1992 York: Scholastic, 1992