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Air Conditioning Experiment
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Delaware
Members:– Pamela McDowell– Sean Gallagher– Brian Davison– Prathana Vannarath
Sponsors:– Dr. Suresh Advani– Dr. Tony Wexler
Advisor:– Dr. Mike Keefe
Presentation Overview
Background Concept Generation
– Benchmarking Concept Selection Concept Development
– Test Results, Modifications Budget Questions
Project Background New Curriculum for Mechanical Engineers
“ME 2000 Curriculum” Joint Laboratory Classes for
Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
Two aspects of this issue:– Hardware
Single lab apparatus for multiple labs
– Lab Experiments Increased understanding of Thermodynamic and
Heat Transfer fundamentals
Mission
Design a set of thermodynamic and heat transfer experiments for the University of Delaware, Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Laboratory, using a window air conditioner, that will be completed by April for no more than $4000.
Problem Description
Hardware– Develop a lab
apparatus using a window air conditioner and sensors
– Develop a Data Acquisition Program
Lab Experiments– Develop a set of
experiments that include a variety of Thermodynamic and Heat Transfer Principles
Customers Wants Dr. Wexler
Dr. Advani Undergraduate students
Graduate students Judy Green: Educational Expert Dr. Sun William Davison Manufacturers: Hampden,
Armfield Ltd. Other Schools: Georgia Tech,
Penn State
Effective learning tool Easy to Use Self Evident Easy to set up Cost Effectiveness Multiple Purposes LabView compatible data
acquisition Forgiving of incompetence Quiet Quick
Constraints (Prioritized)
Portable
Schedule dictated by NCDA
Budget set by Sponsor
Metrics (Prioritized) Effective Learning Tool/ Self
Evident – Fun– Number of Fundamentals– Clear Lessons/Objectives– Logical Procedure– Real World Connection to Students– Keeps Students’ Interests– Hands-on/Interactive
Survey scored 1-5: target value 5 (1-poor, 5-excellent)
Easy to Use– Visible Components
Physically look at chosen apparatus and rate 1 - 5, target value 5.
– Accessible Components same as above
Metrics Cont’d Easy to set up
– Time Target value 15 minutes
– Self Contained Complete Apparatus in
one moveable unit
Cost EffectivenessLow initial price
Target value $4000Low operating cost
Target value $22.Durable
Target value 10 yearsParts availability
Target value: 2 week lead time
Metrics Cont’d Quiet
– Low noise level Target value of 60 dB
Quick– Time
Target Value within set lab time (2 hrs)
Forgiving of Incompetence– Years of experience
Target value 2 years engineering experience
Systems Benchmarking(Major Competitors)
Hampden Basic Refrigeration Cycle Trainer Hampden Basic Refrigeration Cycle and Heat Pump
Trainer Hampden Refrigeration Demonstrator Hampden Heat Pump Trainer Armfield Heat Exchanger Training Equipment Series Armfield Heat Transfer Teaching Equipment Series Armfield Temperature Measurement Bench Others
Functional Benchmarking Omega Engineering - Sensors
– Carries every type of sensor we will require– Catalogs are an excellent technical reference
Optrand - Sensors– Fiber-optic pressure transducer
Air Conditioning Manufacturers - AC units University of Delaware HVAC - sample AC
Concept Generation
Complete Solution (includes 1 from each section)
– Number of Experiments– Lab Experiments– Presentation of Lab Reports– Apparatus– Sensors
Number of Experiments
4 - 7 Experiments– Easy to set up– Multiple Purposes – More effective learning tool than
Number of Fundamentals Keeps students interests
1 Experiment using different sensors– Not an effective
learning tool– Difficult to set up
13 Experiments– Easy to set up– Multiple Purposes– More effective learning tool than
Number of Fundamentals
Lab Experiment
By Fundamental– Self Evident: clear
lessons– Quick: can be
completed in lab time
By Component– Self Evident: clear
lessons– Quick: can be
completed in lab time– More effective
learning tool than Keeps Procedure
Logical
Presentation of Lab Reports
Standard Lab Reports– Self Evident: clear
lessons
Short Lab Reports & Technical Paper– Self Evident: clear lessons – More effective learning
tool than Keeps students interests Recommended by Judy
Green: Educational Expert
Apparatus Other
– Quick: can be completed in lab time
– Easy to set up: can be set up in less than 15 min.
Air Conditioning Unit– Quick: can be completed in lab time– Easy to set up: can be set up in less
than 15 min.– More self evident than – Easier to use than – More cost effective – More effective learning tool than
Real World Connections for Students Hands-on/Interactive
Sensors
Fully Instrumented with Redundancy– Most expensive: Over Budget
Fully Instrumented without Redundancy– Most feasible
Economically Instrumented– Least expensive but sacrifices functionality
Concept SelectionLab Experiments
Number of Experiments– 4 - 7 Experiments
Easy to set up Effective
learning tool Multiple
Purposes
Presentation of Lab Reports– Short Lab
Reports & Technical Paper
Self Evident: clear lessons
Effective learning tool
Lab ExperimentsBy Component
Self Evident: clear lessonsQuick: can be completed in lab timeEffective learning tool
Concept SelectionHardware
Window Air Conditioner– Quick: can be completed in lab time
– Easy to set up: can be set up in less than 15 min.
– Effective learning tool – Self evident– Easy to use: Visible & Accessible Components, Self Contained
– Cost effective: see budget
– Quiet: see demonstration
Sensors– Fully Instrumented without Redundancy
Educational Testing Students of the current Heat Transfer and
Thermodynamics classes performed the experiments in groups, simulating an actual lab, and completed a survey (1 is poor and 5 is excellent).
Note: Testing of the hardware was performed by team members and resulted in prototype completion, and the results shown here are for the Lab Reports.
First Round Test Results Survey Questions
– Fun …………………..– Number of
Fundamentals……….– Clear
Lessons/Objectives...– Real World Connection
to Students……………..– Keeps Students’
Interests……………..– Hands-on/Interactive.
Suggestions/Comments– Labeling the elements on the
AC– More interesting than most
labs because of its relevance to daily life
– Good setup. Good integration of LabView software.
3 4 5 7% 27% 66%
13% 47% 40%
7% 50% 43%
0% 12% 88%
3% 33% 64%
5% 37% 58%
Modifications Based on suggestion from Student Surveys in
First Round Testing– Wrote a Lab Manual to supplement the lab
experiments– Improved the labeling on the unit
Second Round Test Results Survey Questions
– Fun …………………..– Number of
Fundamentals……….– Clear
Lessons/Objectives...– Real World Connection
to Students……………..– Keeps Students’
Interests……………..– Hands-on/Interactive.
Suggestions/Comments– Beneficial changes - clarified
ambiguities– Improved Labeling– Improved procedure– Made it more apparent how
the AC unit worked
3 4 5 4% 25% 71%
9% 43% 48%
6% 44% 50%
0% 8% 92%
2% 28% 69%
5% 33% 62%
Test Conclusions Overall testing conclusions
– Percentage of 4’s and 5’s increases between testing rounds Shows that improvements were successful
– All survey’s had positive comments and no 1’s or 2’s in either round
– Duration of experiment always well within time constraint Average time - 20 minutes
– All lab sessions collected data that was approximately the same, therefore, forgiving of incompetence
– Window air conditioner proved to be a good experimental apparatus
Unit Unit Price Quantity Total Price
Air Conditioner 200.00$ 1 200.00$
Lab Cart 150.00$ 1 150.00$
Relative Humidity Sensor 265.00$ 1 265.00$
Mass Flow Sensor 480.00$ 1 480.00$
Thermocouples 16.25$ 4 65.00$
Pressure Transducer 185.00$ 4 740.00$
Velocity Probe 330.65$ 1 330.65$
Power Meter 424.15$ 1 424.15$
Various Pipe Fittings 33.00$ 1 33.00$
Wiring and Connectors 12.00$ 1 12.00$
Misc. Fabrication Costs 18.00$ 1 18.00$
Total Budget 2,717.80$
Fully Instrumented Budget: Team 99.10, ME Air Conditioning Lab
Project Labor Time Fabrication time
– 116 hours
LabVIEW time– 30 hours
Testing/Modifications– 45 hours (includes team testing of apparatus and student testing of educational
effectiveness)
Lab Manual/Lab Experiments– 15 hours
HVAC Shop– Approx. 10 hours - (free of charge)
Conclusions According to our customer wants and
constraints, as evaluated by the metrics, we have met all the criteria for the project.
See demonstration
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