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W7 Global patterns of phytoplankton dynamics in coastal ecosystems
An ecological status report for phytoplankton and microbial plankton in the North Atlantic
and adjacent seas
William K.W. LiBedford Institute of Oceanography, Canada
Todd D. O’BrienNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA
Xosé
Anxelu G. MoránInstituto Español de Oceanografía, Spain
W7 Global patterns of phytoplankton dynamics in coastal ecosystems
1.
Context and timeline
2.
Ecological status report
3.
Pan‐North Atlantic patterns
4.
Case studies
5.
Future plans
An ecological status report for phytoplankton and microbial plankton in the North Atlantic
and adjacent seas
WGPME (Working Group on Phytoplankton and Microbial Ecology)
ICES Mission
To advance the scientific capacity to give advice on
human activities affecting, and affected by, marine
ecosystems.
What is ICES?
The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
coordinates and promotes marine research on oceanography, the
marine environment, the marine ecosystem, and on living marine
resources in the North Atlantic. Members of the ICES community
now include all coastal states bordering the North Atlantic and the
Baltic Sea. ICES cooperates with organizations and institutes on
an
international scale.
BelgiumCanadaDenmark (including Greenland and Faroe Islands)EstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyIcelandIrelandLatvia
LithuaniaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRussiaSpainSwedenUnited KingdomUnited States of America
ICES Member Countries (20)
WGPME (Working Group on Phytoplankton and Microbial Ecology)
2007 – by correspondence
2008 ‐
Halifax
WGPME (Working Group on Phytoplankton and Microbial Ecology)
2009 ‐
Berlin
WGPME (Working Group on Phytoplankton and Microbial Ecology)
2010 Aberdeen
2011 Galway
2012 Málaga
WGPME (Working Group on Phytoplankton and Microbial Ecology)
Thematic area 1 - Understanding Ecosystem Functioning•
Climate change processes and predictions of impacts;
• Fish life history information in support of ecosystem approach to management (EAM);
• Biodiversity and the health of marine ecosystems;
• The role of coastal‐zone habitat in population dynamics of commercially exploited species;
• Top predators (marine mammals, seabirds, and large pelagics) in marine ecosystems;
• Sensitive ecosystems (deep‐sea coral, seamounts, Arctic) as well as rare and data‐poor species;
• Integration of surveys in support of EAM.
Thematic area 2 - Understanding Interactions of Human Activities with Ecosystems• Impacts of fishing on marine ecosystems;
• Carrying capacity and ecosystem interactions associated with mariculture;
• Influence of development of renewable energy resources (e.g. wind, hydropower, tidal and waves) on marine habitat and biota;
• Population and community level impacts of contaminants, eutrophication, and habitat changes in the coastal zone;
• Introduced and invasive species, their impacts on ecosystems and interactions with climate change processes.
Thematic area 3 - Development of options for sustainable use of ecosystems•
Marine living resource management tools;
• Operational modelling combining oceanographic, ecosystem, and population processes;
• Marine spatial planning, including the effectiveness of management practices
(e.g. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)), and its role in the conservation of biodiversity;
• Contributions to socio-economic understanding of ecosystem goods and services, and forecasting of the impact of human activities.
ICES Science Plan 2009‐20133 Thematic areas16 Research topics
WGPME (Working Group on Phytoplankton and Microbial Ecology)
Towards an ecological status report for
phytoplankton and microbial plankton in
the North Atlantic
Here we (WGPME) describe work in progress
aimed at establishing trends at various scales of
space and time for phytoplankton and other
microbial plankton (and associated variables such
as inorganic nutrients), with a view towards
understanding climatic and anthropogenic signal
propagation through ocean ecosystems.
2011
WGPME (Working Group on Phytoplankton and Microbial Ecology)
ICES Phytoplankton and Microbial
Plankton Status Report
In this first full report, the ecological status of
phytoplankton and microbial plankton of the
North Atlantic and adjacent seas is presented by
reference to seven geographical regions
containing 61 monitoring locations, and to 40
standard areas of the Continuous Plankton
Recorder survey. Coverage stretches from the
subpolar waters of the Labrador Sea to the
subtropical waters of southwestern Iberia, and
extends into the Mediterranean Sea.
North Atlantic Sites
Site analysis: monthly‐adjusted multi‐year trend
Site analysis: monthly‐adjusted multi‐year trend
p
< 0.01
p
< 0.01
p
< 0.01
p
< 0.01
p
> 0.05
p
< 0.05
p
> 0.05
Site overview
Pan‐North Atlantic description (2001‐2010)
++ p <0.05
‐‐
p <0.05
+++ p <0.01
‐‐‐
p <0.01
+ p >0.05
‐
p >0.05
INCR
EASE
DEC
REAS
E
++ p <0.05
‐‐
p <0.05
+++ p <0.01
‐‐‐
p <0.01
+ p >0.05
‐
p >0.05
INCR
EASE
DEC
REAS
E
Pan‐North Atlantic description (2001‐2010)
Pan‐North Atlantic description (1981‐2010)
++ p <0.05
‐‐
p <0.05
+++ p <0.01
‐‐‐
p <0.01
+ p >0.05
‐
p >0.05
INCR
EASE
DEC
REAS
E
++ p <0.05
‐‐
p <0.05
+++ p <0.01
‐‐‐
p <0.01
+ p >0.05
‐
p >0.05
INCR
EASE
DEC
REAS
E
Pan‐North Atlantic description (1981‐2010)
61 sites (2001‐2010) 61 sites (1981‐2010)
CPR Areas (2001‐2010) CPR Areas (1981‐2010)
Pan‐North Atlantic description: simple count
Sea
surface te
mpe
rature
Wind speed
Chlorop
hyll
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Diatom/(Diatom+D
inoflagellate)
Picoe
ukaryotic
algae
Synecho
coccus
Bacteria
2001‐2010 Local Sites Percent of positive slopes 27% 62% 60% 47% 59% 44% 80% 83% 38%(number of positive slopes) 17/61 38/61 29/48 23/48 28/47 21/47 8/10 10/12 5/13
1981‐2010 Local Sites Percent of positive slopes 98% 62% 89% 53% 48% 48%(number of positive slopes) 60/61 38/61 17/19 14/26 12/25 12/25
2001‐2010 CPR areas Percent of positive slopes 67% 40% 31% 38% 18% 79%(number of positive slopes) 27/40 16/40 11/35 13/34 6/32 27/34
1981‐2010 CPR areas Percent of positive slopes 100% 60% 88% 56% 28% 76%(number of positive slopes) 40/40 24/40 22/25 14/24 7/25 19/25
> 50% positive
> 50% negative
Year1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Silicate
‐0.6
‐0.4
‐0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Year1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Phosph
ate
‐0.6
‐0.4
‐0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Year1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Nitrate
‐0.6
‐0.4
‐0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6Year
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Wind speed
‐2
‐1
0
1
2
Year1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Salin
ity
‐1.5
‐1.0
‐0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5Year
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Tempe
rature
‐3
‐2
‐1
0
1
2
Pan‐North Atlantic description: site‐averaged annual average anomaly
+
‐0 0
0 0p
= 0.001
p
= 0.4
p
= 0.1
p
= 0.000005
p
= 0.09
p
= 0.9
Year1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Dinoflagellates
‐1.0
‐0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Year1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Picoph
ytop
lank
ton
‐0.6
‐0.4
‐0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Year1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Chloroph
yll a
‐0.6
‐0.4
‐0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
+
+ +
‐
Year1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Diatoms
‐1.0
‐0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Year1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Datom
to Dinoflagellate ra
tio
‐0.6
‐0.4
‐0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0p
= 0.00002
p
= 0.007
p
= 0.7
p
= 0.0004
p
= 0.05
Pan‐North Atlantic description: site‐averaged annual average anomaly
Site‐averaged annual average anomaly : Gross summary 1980‐2010
INCREASE DECREASE NO CHANGETemperature Nitrate SalinityChlorophyll a Diatom:Dinoflagellate ratio Wind speedPicophytoplankton PhosphateDinoflagellates Silicate
Diatoms
Site‐averaged annual average anomaly : Gross summary 1980‐2010
INCREASE DECREASE NO CHANGETemperature Nitrate SalinityChlorophyll a Diatom:Dinoflagellate ratio Wind speedPicophytoplankton PhosphateDinoflagellates Silicate
Diatoms
?
Behrenfeld et al. 2006 Nature 444:752‐755
Bacteria
Booth Bay
Bedford Basin
Western Scotian Shelf
Central Scotian Shelf
Eastern Scotian Shelf
Labrador Shelf
Labrador Basin
Greenland Shelf
Gijón/Xixón
A Coruña
Blanes Bay
Kaštela Bay
StončicaGdańsk Basin
Procholorococcus
Gijón/Xixón
A Coruña
Blanes Bay
Synechococcus
Thau Lagoon
Booth Bay
Bedford Basin
Western Scotian Shelf
Central Scotian Shelf
Eastern Scotian Shelf
Labrador Shelf
Labrador Basin
Greenland Shelf
Gijón/Xixón
A Coruña
Blanes Bay
Picoeukaryotic algae
Booth Bay
Bedford Basin
Western Scotian Shelf
Central Scotian Shelf
Eastern Scotian Shelf
Labrador Shelf
Labrador Basin
Greenland Shelf
Gijón/Xixón
A Coruña
Blanes Bay
Thau Lagoon
Bedford Basin (Site 3)
Meteorology (Shearwater) : AIR TEMPERATURE
Air temperature
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Tem
pera
ture
(o C)
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Meteorology (Shearwater) : PRECIPITATION
Precipitation
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Prec
ipita
tion
(mm
)
0
100
200
300
400
Hydrometry (Sackville River) : FRESHWATER DISCHARGE
Sackville River discharge
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Riv
er d
isch
arge
0
5
10
15
20
25
Bedford Basin : TEMPERATURE
Temperature
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Tem
pera
ture
(o C)
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Bedford Basin : SALINITY
Salinity
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Salin
ity (p
su)
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Bedford Basin : STRATIFICATION
Stratification
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Stra
tific
atio
n (k
g m
-4)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
Bedford Basin : NITRATE (+NITRITE)
Nitrate
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Nitr
ate
(mm
ol m
-3)
0
5
10
15
20
Bedford Basin : PICOPHYTOPLANKTON
Picophytoplankton
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Pico
phyt
opla
nkto
n (lo
g ce
lls m
l-1)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Bedford Basin : PICOEUKARYOTIC ALGAE
Picoeukaryotes
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Bedford Basin : PICOPROKARYOTIC CYANOBACTERIA
Synechococcus
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Bedford Basin : DIAGNOSTIC PIGMENTS (BUT-FUCO, HEX-FUCO, ALLO, FUCO, PERID, CHLB, ZEA)
Diagnostic pigments
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Dia
gnos
tic p
igm
ents
(log
mg
m-3
)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Bedford Basin : FUCOXANTHIN
Fucoxanthin
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Fuco
xant
hin
(log
mg
m-3
)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Bedford Basin : DIADINOXANTHIN
Diadinoxanthin
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Dia
dino
xant
hin
(log
mg
m-3
)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Bedford Basin : CHLOROPHYLL c1 +c2
Chlorophyll c1+c2
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Chl
orop
hyll
c 1+c 2 (
log
mg
m-3
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
AIR TEMPERATURE → WATER TEMPERATURE → PICOPHYTOPLANKTON → COMMUNITY SIZE
Water temperature-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Pico
phyt
opla
nkto
n
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Water temperature-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Mea
n ES
D
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5Air temperatureWater temperaturePicophytoplankton
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Norm
alized annual anomalies (ESD
, Bacteria) →
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
mean ESDBacteria
PRECIPITATION → RIVER DISCHARGE → SALINITY → STRATIFICATION
Salinity-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Stra
tific
atio
n
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
River discharge-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Salin
ity
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5River dischargeStratificationPrecipitation
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Norm
alized annual anomalies (Salinity) →
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Salinity
STRATIFICATION → CHLOROPHYLL a → DIAGNOSTIC PIGMENTS → FUCOXANTHIN
Stratification-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Fuco
xant
hin
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Stratification-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Dia
gnos
tic p
igm
ents
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5Chlorophyll aDiagnostic pigmentsFucoxanthin
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Norm
alized annual anomalies (Stratification) →
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Stratification
SURFACE CHL a → DEEP CHL a → DEEP POC → DEEP NH4
Surface chlorophyll a-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Dee
p ch
loro
phyl
l a
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Deep POC-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Dee
p N
H4
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Year92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Nor
mal
ized
ann
ual a
nom
alie
s
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5 Surface Chlorophyll aDeep Chlorophyll aDeep POCDeep NH4
Stratification-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Ligh
t atte
nuat
ion
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Deep PON-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Dee
p N
H4
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Deep Chlorophyll a-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Dee
p PO
C
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Surface Chlorophyll a-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Dee
p C
hlor
ophy
ll a
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Precipitation-0.5 0.0 0.5
Riv
er d
isch
arge
-0.5
0.0
0.5
Salinity-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Stra
tific
atio
n
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
River discharge-0.5 0.0 0.5
Salin
ity
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Multiyear signal propagation
Sedimentation Transformation Remineralisation
Atmosphere/Hydrosphere Plankton
Plankton Benthos
Stratification-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Dia
gnos
tic p
igm
ents
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Stratification-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Fuco
xant
hin
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Stratification-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
f-pic
o
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Air temperature-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Wat
er te
mpe
ratu
re
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Multiyear effect of temperature
Water temperature-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Pico
euka
ryot
ic a
lgae
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Water temperature-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Syne
choc
occu
s
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Water temperature-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Nan
ophy
topl
ankt
on
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Water temperature-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
mea
n ES
D
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
PICO S‐NANO L‐NANO
Picophytoplankton
Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
log
cells
ml-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
Small nanophytoplankton
Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
log
cells
ml-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
Large nanophytoplankton
Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
log
cells
ml-1
1
2
3
4
Mean cell size in assemblage
Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Mea
n eq
uiva
lent
sph
eric
al d
iam
eter
( μm
)
0
5
10
15
Temperature
Monthly data distribution and Means1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Tem
pera
ture
(o C)
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Cell size versus Temperature
Temperature (C)-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Mea
n eq
uiva
lent
sph
eric
al d
iam
eter
( μm
)
0
5
10
15
Within-year effect of temperature
Global warming benefits the small in aquatic ecosystems (Daufresne, Lengfellner, Sommer 2009 PNAS 106:12788–12793)
Does “Global warming benefit the small in aquatic ecosystems”?
Morán XAG, López‐Urrutia Á, Calvo‐Díaz A, Li WKW 2010. Global Change Biology 16:1137–1144
Increasing importance of small phytoplankton in a warmer ocean ??
Diatoms and Dinoflagellates (Continuous Plankton Recorder)
Year1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Dinoflagellates
‐1.0
‐0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
+Year
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Diatoms
‐1.0
‐0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
0p
= 0.7
p
= 0.0004
Monitoring stations: site‐averaged annual average anomaly
Wind speed‐1.0 ‐0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Diatom:(D
iatom+D
inoflagellate)
‐0.6
‐0.4
‐0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Temperature‐2 ‐1 0 1 2
Diatom:(D
iatom+D
inoflagellate)
‐0.6
‐0.4
‐0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Helgoland Roads
JAN + FEB +MAR
APR + MAY + JUN
JUL + AUG +SEP
OCT + NOV + DEC
ANNUAL
Helgoland Roads
JAN + FEB +MAR
APR + MAY + JUN
JUL + AUG +SEP
OCT + NOV + DEC
ANNUAL
Bay of Fundy (Site 2) – Northwest Atlantic Shelf
Bothnian Sea (sites 12-14) – Northern Baltic
Bornholm Sea (Site 24) – Baltic Sea
Helgoland Roads (Site 30) – North Sea
REPHY Point 1 SRN Boulogne (Site 34) – English Channel
Northwest Coast Ireland (Site 45) – Northeast Atlantic Shelf
REPHY Ouest Loscolo (Site 47) – Bay of Biscay
RADIALES A Coruña Station 2 (Site 53) – Western Iberian Shelf
REPHY Lazaret A (Site 57) – Mediterranean Sea
Gulf of Naples LTER-MC (Site 59) – Mediterranean Sea
Diatoms and Dinoflagellates : century‐scale perspective
1905
1950
2003Diatomophyceae and dinophyceae are by far the most
important groups. Their ratio is still close to unity.
The total phytoplankton biomass has roughly doubled in
the course of the last century.
Mecklenburg Bight (Site 26) – Baltic Sea
Mecklenburg Bight (Site 26) – other phytoplankton
Mecklenburg Bight (Site 26) – other phytoplankton
Mecklenburg Bight (Site 26) – other phytoplankton
Summary
TOPIC SUMMARY1. Context and timeline 2007 PGPYME ‐ 2010 WGPME ‐ 2012 CRR
2. Ecological status report 7 geographical regions61 monitoring stations40 CPR areasFROM: subpolar (Labrador Sea)TO: subtropical (Iberia Shelf)INCLUDING: Mediterranean Sea
3. Pan‐North Atlantic patterns INCREASE: SST, Chl a , picophytoplankton, dinoflagellatesDECREASE: nitrate, diatom:dinoflagellate ratio
4. Case studies picoplanktondiatom:dinoflagellate ratio
5. Future plans Data: drill down (seasonal effects, species, etc)Time series: hydrography ‐ phytoplankton/microbes ‐ zooplanktonICES: integrated ecosystem assessment
Ocean ClimatePhytoplanktonand Microbes Zooplankton Climate Change
NORTH ATLANTIC
2012/2/SSGEF11 Workshop on the synthesis of hydrographic, phytoplankton, microbial plankton and
zooplankton time series in the North Atlantic and adjacent seas (WKSERIES), chaired by Lidia Yebra, Spain
(WGZE), and Alexandra Kraberg, Germany (WGPME), will be held at ICES Headquarters, Copenhagen,
Denmark, in late 2013.
Contributors to the Cooperative Research ReportContributor CountryMurielle LeGresley Canada
William Li CanadaJennifer Martin CanadaNada Krstulović CroatiaDanijela Šantić Croatia
Stefanija Šestanović CroatiaMladen Šolić Croatia
Sirpa Lehtinen FinlandEric Abadie France
Béatrice Bec FranceYves Collos France
Alain Lefebvre FranceDanièle Maurer France
Myriam Perrière Rumèbe FranceDominique Soudant FranceAlexandra Kraberg GermanyGünther Nausch Germany
Norbert Wasmund GermanyKaren Wiltshire GermanyCaroline Cusack Ireland
Joe Silke IrelandKevin Kennington Isle of Man
Diana Sarno ItalyAdriana Zingone ItalyAnetta Ameryk Poland
Sławomira Gromisz PolandJanina Kownacka Poland
Marianna Pastuszak PolandMariusz Zalewski Poland
Contributor CountryAna B. Barbosa Portugal
Rita V. Domingues PortugalHelena M. Galvão Portugal
Eileen Bresnan ScotlandSilvia G. Acinas SpainAntonio Bode SpainÁngel Borja SpainEva Calvo Spain
Alejandro de la Sota SpainAlmudena Fontán Spain
Javier Franco SpainJosep M. Gasol Spain
Aitor Laza‐Martínez SpainCelia Marrasé Spain
Ramon Massana SpainXosé Anxelu G. Morán Spain
Emma Orive SpainCarlos Pedrós‐Alió Spain
Carles Pelejero SpainFrancesc Peters SpainMarta Revilla Spain
M. Montserrat Sala SpainRenate Scharek SpainSergio Seoane Spain
Rafel Simó SpainVictoriano Valencia Spain
Dolors Vaqué SpainManuel Varela Spain
Contributor CountryMarie Johansen SwedenMartin Edwards UK
Tim Smyth UKRowena Stern UKGlen Tarran UK
Claire Widdicombe UKTodd D. O’Brien USANicole Poulton USA
Michael Sieracki USA
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