ANATOMI osteologi 2

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Human anatomyHuman anatomy

SKELETAL SYSTEMSKELETAL SYSTEM

  dr. Thontowi Djauhari NS,Mkesdr. Thontowi Djauhari NS,Mkes

Fakutas !mu Kesehatan " Fisiotera#iFakutas !mu Kesehatan " Fisiotera#i

$ni%ersitas Muhammadiyah Maan&$ni%ersitas Muhammadiyah Maan&

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The Axial & Appendicular SkeletonThe Axial & Appendicular Skeleton

SlideFigure 5.6

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Fungsi Axial SkeletonFungsi Axial Skeleton

1.1. Rangka tubuh (framework),Rangka tubuh (framework),

melindungi organ-organ pentingmelindungi organ-organ penting

..

 !empat sense organs !empat sense organs".".  !empat bergantung otot-otot !empat bergantung otot-otot

skeletalskeletal

#.#. $agian spongiosa berisi %aringan$agian spongiosa berisi %aringanhemopoitik untuk pembentukan selhemopoitik untuk pembentukan sel

darah merahdarah merah

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&ranium (Skull)&ranium (Skull)

 !erdiri atas ' !erdiri atas '

1.1. tulang-tulang ranial (ranial bones)tulang-tulang ranial (ranial bones)

(neuro-ranium) ang melindungi(neuro-ranium) ang melindungiotakotak

.. !ulang-tulang wa%ah (faial bones) !ulang-tulang wa%ah (faial bones)

atau (splanhno ranium) tulang-atau (splanhno ranium) tulang-

tulang ang membentuk wa%ahtulang ang membentuk wa%ah

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&ranium dilihat dari berbagai-bagai pandangan (*iew)&ranium dilihat dari berbagai-bagai pandangan (*iew)

1.1. Anterior +iewAnterior +iew

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. osterior +iew. osterior +iew

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". Superior +iew". Superior +iew

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4. n!erior "#a$al% ie'4. n!erior "#a$al% ie'

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()()/9/9

. ateral +iew. ateral +iew

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((((/9/9

6. Sagittal Sectional ie'6. Sagittal Sectional ie'

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(*(*/9/9

//. 0nternal +iew ($asis. 0nternal +iew ($asis

&ranial)&ranial)

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(3(3/9/9

anmark ang terdapat dianmark ang terdapat di

tengkoraktengkorak

1.1. labellalabella

terletak di bagian anterior ranium,terletak di bagian anterior ranium,

superior dari os.nasal diantarasuperior dari os.nasal diantara

orbitaorbita

.. terionterion

terletak di bagian lateral raniumterletak di bagian lateral raniumpertautan antara os.frontal, parietalpertautan antara os.frontal, parietal

dan temporaldan temporal

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(4(4/9/9

SuturaSutura

2erupakan sendi 3brosa diantara tulang-2erupakan sendi 3brosa diantara tulang-

tulang ranium, ang tidak bisa bergeraktulang ranium, ang tidak bisa bergerak

 !erdiri dari # ang besar ' !erdiri dari # ang besar '

1.1.  Sutura oronalSutura oronal

 terletak diantara os.frontal danterletak diantara os.frontal dan

os.parietalos.parietal

.. SSutura lambdoidutura lambdoid

 terletak antara os.parietal danterletak antara os.parietal dan

os.oipitalos.oipital

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Sutura.........Sutura.........

Sutura sagittalisSutura sagittalis

terletak diantara kedua os.parietalterletak diantara kedua os.parietal

#.#. Sutura s4uamosalSutura s4uamosal

terletak diantara os.temporal danterletak diantara os.temporal dan

os.parietalos.parietal

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(6(6

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obang-lobang ang terdapat padaobang-lobang ang terdapat pada

raniumraniumNo 'anais, (issura atau(oramen

Lokasi Struktur yan&meaui

(. +anali$ carotid "ticu$% ,ar$ petro$ao$.te-porali$

 A. caroti$ interna

*. Fora-ina cri#ro$a a#irinth cri#ro$a o$$ileth-oidali$ . ol!actoriu$

3. Fora-en la$eru- diantara o$. te-poral0o$.$phenoid dano$.occipital

 1 

4. Fora-en -agnu- o$.occipitali$ -edulla $pinali$arteri 2erte#rali$

5. Fora-en o2ale ala -agnao$$i$$phenoidale

. -andi#ullari$

6. Fora-en rotundu- ala -agnao$$i$$phenoidale

. -eningea-edia

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No 'anais, (issura atau(oramen

Lokasi Struktur yan&meaui

(3. Fora-en$tlo-a$toideu-

diantara proce$$u$-a$toideu$ dan$tloideu$

. !aciali$

(4. Fi$$ura or#itali$$uperior 

$. $phenoidale$ . occulo-otoriu$

 . trochleari$

. opthal-icu$

. a#du$cen$

. opthal-icu$

(5. Fora-en $upraor#itali$

$. !rontal A. Supra or#itali$

 . Supra or#itali$

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TASTAS

:ile'ati oleh apa $aa lo#anglo#ang ang:ile'ati oleh apa $aa lo#anglo#ang ang

ada di craniu-0 ela$kan.ada di craniu-0 ela$kan.

;i$alkan < !ora-en -agnu-;i$alkan < !ora-en -agnu-  dile'atidile'ati

oleh -edulla $pinali$oleh -edulla $pinali$

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*(*(/9/9

.. +omer+omer

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****/9/9

". 6s.". 6s.

alatinumalatinum

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*3*3/9/9

#.#. 2axilla2axilla

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*4*4/9/9

. 2andibulla. 2andibulla

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,arana$al Sinu$e$,arana$al Sinu$e$

SlideCopyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

• =ollo' portion$ o! #one$ $urroundingthe na$al ca2it

Figure 5.()

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Fronta )one

*y&omati+ )one

Nasa )one

Maia

Mandi)e

S#henoid )one

 #arieta )one 

Tem#ora )one

-++i#ita )one

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*8*8/9/9

&olumna +ertebralis&olumna +ertebralis

 !erdiri atas 8 tulang !erdiri atas 8 tulang2asing-masing bersendi dengan2asing-masing bersendi dengan

tulang diatas dan dibawahnatulang diatas dan dibawahna

Fungsi 'Fungsi '-- mensupport untuk menegakkanmensupport untuk menegakkantubuhtubuh

-- menahan beban kepalamenahan beban kepala

-- membantu mentransfer beratmembantu mentransfer berattulang axialtulang axial ke extremitas inferiorke extremitas inferior

-- melindungi medulla spinalismelindungi medulla spinalis

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,rinciple$ o! =u-an Anato- and ,h$iolog0 ((e,rinciple$ o! =u-an Anato- and ,h$iolog0 ((e 3(3(

:i$cu$ inter2erte#rali$:i$cu$ inter2erte#rali$

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Structure o! a Tpical erte#raeStructure o! a Tpical erte#rae

Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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,er-ukaan

ata$

,er-ukaan

#a'ah

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. +>?+AS . +>?+AS "atla$%"atla$%

(. Tu#erculu- po$teriu$(. Tu#erculu- po$teriu$

*. Arcu$ po$terior *. Arcu$ po$terior 

3. Sulcu$ arteria 2erte#rali$3. Sulcu$ arteria 2erte#rali$

4. Fo2ea articulari$ $uperior 4. Fo2ea articulari$ $uperior 

5. Fo2ea articulari$ in!erior 5. Fo2ea articulari$ in!erior 6. Fora-en tran$2er$ariu-6. Fora-en tran$2er$ariu-

7. ,roce$u$ tran$2er$u$7. ,roce$u$ tran$2er$u$

8. ;a$$a laterali$8. ;a$$a laterali$

9. Arcu$ anterior 9. Arcu$ anterior 

(). Fo2ea denti$(). Fo2ea denti$

((. Tu#erculu- anteriu$((. Tu#erculu- anteriu$

(

*

3

6

7

4

() (( 9 8

  () (( 9 8

(

*

6

7

5

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. +>?+AS . +>?+AS "axi$/epi$tropheu$%"axi$/epi$tropheu$%

(. :en$ epi$tropheu$(. :en$ epi$tropheu$

*. Facie$ articulari$ anterior *. Facie$ articulari$ anterior 

3. Facie$ articulari$ po$terior 3. Facie$ articulari$ po$terior 

4. Facie$ articulari$ $uperior 4. Facie$ articulari$ $uperior 

5. ,roce$$u$ articulari$ in!erior 5. ,roce$$u$ articulari$ in!erior 6. +orpu$6. +orpu$

7. Fora-en tran$2er$ariu-7. Fora-en tran$2er$ariu-

8. ,roce$$u$ tran$2er$u$8. ,roce$$u$ tran$2er$u$

9. ,roce$$u$ $pino$u$9. ,roce$$u$ $pino$u$

(

3

4

7

8

6

9

(

*

4

6

5

8

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>?T>@?A>?T>@?A

+>?+AS+>?+AS

(. ,roce$$u$ articulari$(. ,roce$$u$ articulari$$uperior $uperior 

*. ,roce$$u$ articulari$*. ,roce$$u$ articulari$

in!erior in!erior 

3. +orpu$ 2erte#rae3. +orpu$ 2erte#rae

4. Fora-en tran$2er$ariu-4. Fora-en tran$2er$ariu-

5. ,roce$$u$ tran$2er$u$5. ,roce$$u$ tran$2er$u$

6. ,roce$$u$ $pino$u$6. ,roce$$u$ $pino$u$

7. Tu#erculu- po$teriu$7. Tu#erculu- po$teriu$

8. Tu#erculu- anteriu$8. Tu#erculu- anteriu$9. Sulcu$ ner2i $pinali$9. Sulcu$ ner2i $pinali$

(). a-ina arcu$ 2erte#rae(). a-ina arcu$ 2erte#rae

((. nci$ura 2erte#rali$((. nci$ura 2erte#rali$

$uperior $uperior 

(

*

6

6

()

(((

7

9

8

3

4

5

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>?T>@?A>?T>@?A(

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  >?T>@?A>?T>@?ASA+?ASSA+?AS

(. ,roce$$u$ articulari$ $uperior (. ,roce$$u$ articulari$ $uperior 

*. ,roce$$u$ -a-illari$*. ,roce$$u$ -a-illari$

3. ,ar$ laterali$3. ,ar$ laterali$

4. Tu#ero$ita$ $acrali$4. Tu#ero$ita$ $acrali$

5. Facie$ auriculari$5. Facie$ auriculari$

6. +ri$ta $acrali$ laterali$6. +ri$ta $acrali$ laterali$

7. +ri$ta $acrali$ inter-edia7. +ri$ta $acrali$ inter-edia8. +ri$ta $acrali$ -ediana8. +ri$ta $acrali$ -ediana

9. Fora-en $acrale dor$ale9. Fora-en $acrale dor$ale

(). =iatu$ $acrali$(). =iatu$ $acrali$

((. +ornu $acrali$((. +ornu $acrali$

(*. Apex $acrali$(*. Apex $acrali$(3. @a$i$ $acrali$(3. @a$i$ $acrali$

(4. nci$ura 2erte#rali$ $uperior (4. nci$ura 2erte#rali$ $uperior 

(5. Fora-ina $acralia pel2ina(5. Fora-ina $acralia pel2ina

(6. ineae tran$2er$ae(6. ineae tran$2er$ae

(7. +anali$ $acrali$(7. +anali$ $acrali$

(

*

6

7

8

9

(*

4

5

()

((

(3

  (5 (6

(7

 (4

3

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S +STA>S +STA>

(. +aput(. +aput

*. Facie$ articulari$ capiti$ co$tae*. Facie$ articulari$ capiti$ co$tae

$up.$up.

3. Facie$ articulari$ capiti$ co$tae3. Facie$ articulari$ capiti$ co$tae

in!.in!.

4. +ri$ta capiti$ co$tae4. +ri$ta capiti$ co$tae

5. +ollu- co$tae5. +ollu- co$tae

6. Tu#erculu- co$tae6. Tu#erculu- co$tae

7. Facie$ articulari$ tu#erculi co$tae7. Facie$ articulari$ tu#erculi co$tae

8. Angulu$ co$tae8. Angulu$ co$tae

9. Sulcu$ co$tae9. Sulcu$ co$tae(). +orpu$ co$tae(). +orpu$ co$tae

((. +ri$ta coli co$tae((. +ri$ta coli co$tae

(*. Sulcu$ arteria $u#cla2ia(*. Sulcu$ arteria $u#cla2ia

(3. Tu#erculu- -. $caleni anterior (3. Tu#erculu- -. $caleni anterior 

(4. Tu#ero$ita$ -. $errati anteriori$(4. Tu#ero$ita$ -. $errati anteriori$

(* (3 (4

(5

6

((

7

8

()

9

*

4

3

S

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ST>?;ST>?;

(. nci$ura ugulari$(. nci$ura ugulari$

*. nci$ura cla2iculari$*. nci$ura cla2iculari$3. nci$ura co$tali$ 3. nci$ura co$tali$

4. nci$ura co$tali$ 4. nci$ura co$tali$

5. ;anu#riu- $terni5. ;anu#riu- $terni

6.+orpu$ $terni6.+orpu$ $terni7 proce$$u$ xiphoideu$7 proce$$u$ xiphoideu$

8. Angulu$ $terni8. Angulu$ $terni

(

*

5

38

4

6

7

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9isamping itu terdapat pula *ertebra9isamping itu terdapat pula *ertebra

ang memiliki keistimewaanang memiliki keistimewaan

1. &1. &11 (atlas)(atlas)

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4646/9/9

9isamping itu terdapat pula *ertebra9isamping itu terdapat pula *ertebra

ang memiliki keistimewaanang memiliki keistimewaan

.. && (axis)(axis)

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TASTAS

@edakan o$ cer2ical (0 *0 3 dengan <@edakan o$ cer2ical (0 *0 3 dengan <

o$ thoracalo$ thoracal

o$ lu-#alo$ lu-#al

S+SS

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S+SSS+SS

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Sa+rumSa+rum ,er-ukaan anterior<,er-ukaan anterior<

#romontorium#romontorium0 !ora-en0 !ora-en

$acral anterior "e-pat$acral anterior "e-pat

pa$ang%pa$ang% 

,er-ukaan po$terior <,er-ukaan po$terior < +rista sa+rais media+rista sa+rais media00

! ! ora-en $acrali$ po$terior0ora-en $acrali$ po$terior0canali$ hiatu$ $acral0canali$ hiatu$ $acral0

cri$ta $acrali$cri$ta $acrali$ ateral part<ateral part<

auricula0 tu#ro$ita$ $acral0auricula0 tu#ro$ita$ $acral0coxaecoxae

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: d " h % di# k l h: d "th % di# t k l h

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:ada "thorax% di#entuk oleh<:ada "thorax% di#entuk oleh<

  (* pa$ang tlg iga "co$tae% (* pa$ang tlg iga "co$tae%

  a. co$ta < co$tae 2erae/2erte#ro$ter a. co$ta < co$tae 2erae/2erte#ro$ter 

  nali$nali$

  #. co$ta C< co$tae $puriae0 tdd<#. co$ta C< co$tae $puriae0 tdd<

  #(. +S A!!ixae < C#(. +S A!!ixae < C

  #*. +S Fluctuante$ < CC#*. +S Fluctuante$ < CC (* 2erte#ra thoracale$ (* 2erte#ra thoracale$

  $ternu- $ternu-

=u#ungan antara co$ta & 2erte#ra<=u#ungan antara co$ta & 2erte#ra<

  (. :iarthro$i$(. :iarthro$i$  Art. +o$to2erte#rali$ Art. +o$to2erte#rali$  Art. +o$totran$2er$aria Art. +o$totran$2er$aria

  *. Snarthro$i$*. Snarthro$i$  liga-entu- gliga-entu- g

-elekat $ekitar $endi-elekat $ekitar $endi

"$nde$-o$i$%"$nde$-o$i$%

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ST>?;ST>?;

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ST>?;ST>?;

(. nci$ura ugulari$(. nci$ura ugulari$

*. nci$ura cla2iculari$*. nci$ura cla2iculari$3. nci$ura co$tali$ 3. nci$ura co$tali$

4. nci$ura co$tali$ 4. nci$ura co$tali$

5. ;anu#riu- $terni5. ;anu#riu- $terni

6.+orpu$ $terni6.+orpu$ $terni7 proce$$u$ xiphoideu$7 proce$$u$ xiphoideu$

8. Angulu$ $terni8. Angulu$ $terni

(

*

5

38

4

6

7

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