Anatomy of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Prokaryotic Cell Structure Cell size, shapes, and arrangements...

Anatomy of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes• Prokaryotic Cell Structure

• Cell size, shapes, and arrangements

• Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell

• Glycocalyx: slime layer or capsule

• Fimbriae and sex pilus, flagella

• Cell wall and plasma membrane (g+, g-, mycobacteria, archaebacteria)

• Plasma membrane and material transport; osmosis

• Nuclear Area (Nucleoid), Plasmids, Ribosomes

• Endospores • Eukaryotic Cell Structure

• Cytoplasm (open streets and city squares)

• Nucleus (library)

• Ribosomes (construction factories)

• Internal membrane System: ER, Golgi, Lysosomes

• Mitochondria (power station)

• Chloroplasts (food synthesis factory)

• Cytoskeleton (pulling ropes,& lumber)

Plasma or Cell Membrane

Figure 4.14a

Types of Transport Across a Selectively Permeable Cell Membrane

Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells

• Osmosis is the passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

• Water moves across a membrane from high concentration (high purity) to low concentration (low purity)

Figure 4.18c-e

Osmosis: Water Moving From High Purity to Low Purity

Bacterial growth media is made to be isotonic with cells ( ~ 1% dissolved substances)

(outside) (outside)

Anatomy of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes• Prokaryotic Cell Structure

• Cell size, shapes, and arrangements

• Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell

• Glycocalyx: slime layer or capsule

• Fimbriae and sex pilus, flagella

• Cell wall and plasma membrane (g+, g-, mycobacteria, archaebacteria)

• Plasma membrane and material transport; osmosis

• Nuclear Area (Nucleoid), Plasmids, Ribosomes

• Endospores, Cytoskeleton

• Eukaryotic Cell Structure• Cytoplasm (open streets and city squares)

• Nucleus (library)

• Ribosomes (construction factories)

• Internal membrane System: ER, Golgi, Lysosomes

• Mitochondria (power station)

• Chloroplasts (food synthesis factory)

• Cytoskeleton (pulling ropes,& lumber)

Inclusions and Other Membranes

Figure 4.6a

Inclusion

Nucleoid (Nuclear Area)

Plasmid

Ribosomes

Figure 4.19

Ribosomes from eukaryotes are larger and constructed differently

• Metachromatic granules (phosophate) Polysaccharide granules

• Lipid inclusions

• Sulfur granules

• Carboxysomes

• Thylakoids/photsynthetic membranes

• Gas vacuoles

• Magnetosomes

Intracellular Membranes and Inclusions

Figure 4.21a

Endospore Formation

Endospores are heat-resistant, UV resistant, and chemically resistant

Bacterial Cell Walls Include Scaffolding Proteins (Cytoskeleton)

Proteins similar to actin in eukaryotes help in expanding the peptidoglycan during bacterial growth by acting as scaffolds

Anatomy of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes II• Prokaryotic Cell Structure

• Cell size, shapes, and arrangements

• Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell

• Glycocalyx: slime layer or capsule

• Fimbriae and sex pilus, flagella

• Cell wall and plasma membrane (g+, g-, mycobacteria, archaebacteria)

• Plasma membrane and material transport; osmosis

• Nuclear Area (Nucleoid), Plasmids, Ribosomes

• Endospores, Cytoskeleton

• Eukaryotic Cell Structure• Cytoplasm (open streets and city squares)

• Nucleus (library)

• Ribosomes (construction factories)

• Internal membrane System: ER, Golgi, Lysosomes (Construction & shipping)

• Mitochondria (power station)

• Chloroplasts (food synthesis factory)

• Cytoskeleton (pulling ropes,& lumber)

Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Greater Size, Complexity, and Nucleus in Eukaryotes

Figure 4.22b

Figure 4.21a

Eukaryotic Cells:Protists, Plants, Animals, & FungiQuickTime™ and a

decompressorare needed to see this picture.Cell wall

(if present)

Anatomy of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes• Prokaryotic Cell Structure

• Cell size, shapes, and arrangements

• Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell

• Glycocalyx: slime layer or capsule

• Fimbriae and sex pilus, flagella

• Cell wall and plasma membrane (g+, g-, mycobacteria, archaebacteria)

• Plasma membrane and material transport; osmosis

• Nuclear Area (Nucleoid), Plasmids, Ribosomes

• Endospores • Eukaryotic Cell Structure

• Cytoplasm (open streets and city squares)

• Nucleus (library)

• Ribosomes (construction factories)

• Internal membrane System: ER, Golgi, Lysosomes

• Mitochondria (power station)

• Chloroplasts (food synthesis factory)

• Cytoskeleton (pulling ropes,& lumber)