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Ancient Greece: Ancient Greece: The Classical SpiritThe Classical Spirit
Part IIPart II
Early GreeceEarly Greece
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreecePart IIPart II
Bronze Age and Mycenaean Civilization Bronze Age and Mycenaean Civilization end 1100 BCE (Dorian Invasion)end 1100 BCE (Dorian Invasion)
New civilization begins in 1000 BCENew civilization begins in 1000 BCE– Geometric period 1000-700 BCEGeometric period 1000-700 BCE– Orientalizing period 700-600 BCEOrientalizing period 700-600 BCE– Archaic period 600-480 BCEArchaic period 600-480 BCE
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceGEOMETRIC PERIOD (1000-700BCE)GEOMETRIC PERIOD (1000-700BCE)
Also known as the Heoric AgeAlso known as the Heoric Age
No political center = independent city No political center = independent city states states – Polis ruled by council of aristocratsPolis ruled by council of aristocrats– IndependentIndependent
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceGEOMETRIC PERIOD (1000-700BCE)GEOMETRIC PERIOD (1000-700BCE)
PotteryPottery– Geometric styleGeometric style
decorative decorative geometric geometric bandsbands cover the surface cover the surfaceShows concern for Shows concern for proportionproportion and and thoughtful composition thoughtful composition and and placement placement of of elementselementsCommonly Commonly narratenarrate funeral processionfuneral processionKraterKrater large vase with a large vase with a wide mouth, used as a wide mouth, used as a burial markerburial marker
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceGEOMETRIC PERIOD (1000-700BCE)GEOMETRIC PERIOD (1000-700BCE)
PotteryPottery
What are the differences between the Geometric style and the Aegean style?
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceGEOMETRIC PERIOD (1000-700BCE)GEOMETRIC PERIOD (1000-700BCE)
SculptureSculpture– Not much exists because the material was Not much exists because the material was
perishableperishable– Mostly animalsMostly animals
Most likely used as sacrifices to the gods in place Most likely used as sacrifices to the gods in place of real animalsof real animals
What exists was found in burial tombsWhat exists was found in burial tombs
Simple, abstract and sophisticatedSimple, abstract and sophisticated
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceGEOMETRIC PERIOD (1000-700BCE)GEOMETRIC PERIOD (1000-700BCE)
SculptureSculptureAbstract styleAbstract style
Hat and beltHat and belt
Pinched Pinched wastewaste
Exaggeration Exaggeration of important of important featuresfeatures
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient Greece
GEOMETRIC PERIOD (1000-700BCE)GEOMETRIC PERIOD (1000-700BCE) Known as the Heroic Age because of Known as the Heroic Age because of Iliad and OdysseyIliad and OdysseyBecomes the “basis for Greek education because of Becomes the “basis for Greek education because of model of conduct—of heroism and pride, of cunning and model of conduct—of heroism and pride, of cunning and loyalty” (Benton and Yanni 69).loyalty” (Benton and Yanni 69).
Iliad Iliad = great deeds on the battlefield, military glory, = great deeds on the battlefield, military glory, narrow viewnarrow view– Achilles’ tale of purely physical strengthAchilles’ tale of purely physical strength
OdysseyOdyssey = values of home and hearth, patience and = values of home and hearth, patience and wisdomwisdom– Odysseus’ tale of wisdom gained through sufferingOdysseus’ tale of wisdom gained through suffering– Conflict to return home as prince or experience adventure and Conflict to return home as prince or experience adventure and
test himself as a herotest himself as a hero
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceORIENTALIZING PERIOD (700-600 BCE)ORIENTALIZING PERIOD (700-600 BCE)
Polis’ begin trading with the East (Egypt, Polis’ begin trading with the East (Egypt, Persia and Phoenicia)Persia and Phoenicia)
First see human form sculpturesFirst see human form sculptures
Unified language with introduction of an Unified language with introduction of an alphabetalphabet
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceORIENTALIZING PERIOD (700-600 BCE)ORIENTALIZING PERIOD (700-600 BCE)
PotteryPottery– Inspired by the orientalInspired by the oriental– Move away from geometric as form more Move away from geometric as form more
important (animals, human, etc)important (animals, human, etc)– Color reveals origin of vasesColor reveals origin of vases– Symmetry evidentSymmetry evident– Human form influenced by Egypt and animal Human form influenced by Egypt and animal
form influenced by Mesopotamiaform influenced by Mesopotamia
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceORIENTALIZING PERIOD (700-600 BCE)ORIENTALIZING PERIOD (700-600 BCE)
PotteryPottery
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceORIENTALIZING PERIOD (700-600 BCE)ORIENTALIZING PERIOD (700-600 BCE)
SculptureSculpture
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)ARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)
Study of human form, naturalismStudy of human form, naturalism– PotteryPottery– SculptureSculpture– ArchitectureArchitecture– LiteratureLiterature
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)ARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)
PotteryPottery– Black Figure VasesBlack Figure Vases
Black glaze over a Black glaze over a natural red clay vase natural red clay vase
Designs etched in and Designs etched in and filled with colorfilled with color
Imperfect silhouettesImperfect silhouettes
SymmetrySymmetry
Human form vs. Human form vs. animalsanimals
Limited by toolsLimited by tools
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)ARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)
PotteryPottery
Narratives told stories of mythology, battles and winners of olympic games
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)ARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)
PotteryPottery– Red Figure StyleRed Figure Style– Background around Background around
subject is glazed in subject is glazed in black and figures are black and figures are painted on with a painted on with a brushbrush
– Details are no longer Details are no longer etched in = more detail etched in = more detail and sophisticationand sophistication
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)ARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)
PotteryPottery
Composition is detailed and in rectangle to follow the shape of the vase.
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)ARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)
ArchitectureArchitectureDoric style = simple, severe, powerful and not Doric style = simple, severe, powerful and not decorativedecorativeAppears disproportionate and awkwardAppears disproportionate and awkward
Thick heavy columns.
Shaft abruptly tapers at the capital = bulge look of the column
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)ARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)
SculptureSculpture– Kouros: life-size Kouros: life-size
representation of nude male representation of nude male youth, standing with one foot youth, standing with one foot forward and arms at sidesforward and arms at sides
– KoréKoré: softer or female version. : softer or female version. Clothing softened statueClothing softened statue
Eastern influencesEastern influences
– Stylized, painted and Stylized, painted and decorateddecorated
Later became more Later became more naturalistic (true human form)naturalistic (true human form)Proportions become natural Proportions become natural (waist)(waist)
Rise of Ancient GreeceRise of Ancient GreeceARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)ARCHAIC PERIOD (600-480 BCE)
Art in Early GreeceArt in Early Greece
The Archaic period: 650-490 B.C. The Archaic period: 650-490 B.C. Progression from the Egyptian modelsProgression from the Egyptian models
NaturalismNaturalism: attempt to represent objects : attempt to represent objects as they appear in natureas they appear in nature
Vase painting: red-figure technique: Vase painting: red-figure technique: figures left unpaintedfigures left unpainted
Greeks’ range of feelings and actionsGreeks’ range of feelings and actions
Early Greek PoetryEarly Greek Poetry
Homeric epics: long narrative poems; Homeric epics: long narrative poems; heroic deeds; hero who brings pride to heroic deeds; hero who brings pride to country. country. Iliad Iliad and and Odyssey: Odyssey: First First masterpieces of Western literature.masterpieces of Western literature.
““distant and communal perspective…”distant and communal perspective…”
Heroes: Achilles and OdysseusHeroes: Achilles and Odysseus
Despite man’s frailties, his life is nobleDespite man’s frailties, his life is noble
Sappho’s Lyric PoetrySappho’s Lyric Poetry
Lyric poems: brief, expressing feelings, Lyric poems: brief, expressing feelings, often accompanied by a lyre.often accompanied by a lyre.
Sappho’s poems expressed her love for Sappho’s poems expressed her love for her women friends.her women friends.
Lived her life on the island of LesbosLived her life on the island of Lesbos
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