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Animal Farm
Russian Revolution How It Started
oCzar Nicolas II oAbsolute power oHuge social gulf between the
peasants and the land owner and the elite
oPeasants and workers begin rebelling against the Czar in 1905
Bolshevik power
oVladimar Lenin was leader oGained control in 1917 oHad the Romanov family
murdered in 1918 oWanted Communism
Communism
oComes from the root word of “community”
oEqual distribution of wealth and possessions among Russia’s citizens
LeninoMarxist revolutionist oLed Bolsheviks oUsed the Red Guard to stop others
from taking over Russia, then used it to take over Russia himself
oLed a campaign of “Red Terror”in 1918 - a systematic plot to execute opponents of communism
Lenino Created a New Economic Policy o Allowed for limited private ownership of land and business
o Called it ‘breathing space” for Communism to prevail
LeninoMoved capital to Moscow oRenamed Russia to Soviet
Union in 1922 o Named his party the Communist party in 1917
o “October Revolution” killed many to gain control and instate Communism
LeninoNamed Joseph Stalin -Secretary General
oPowerful position in Communist party
oAbility to make appointments to other positions of power
oAbility to gain important allies
Lenino1922- Lenin suffers
paralyzing strokes oRemoved from leadership
position o1924- Lenin dies oStalin and Trotsky struggle
for power
Stalin wins!
oStalin out-maneuvers Trotsky and gains control
oStalin starts to isolate Trotsky within the party because he is a threat
Leon Trotsky oGifted speaker and writer oPolitical genius oTried to end Russian
involvement in WWII oGreat thoughts and plans but
had trouble actually installing them
oWas not liked by Lenin
Joseph Stalin
o1924- Assumes full control after Lenin dies
oRuled as absolute dictator throughout WWII and until his death in 1953
Stalin’s Repression & Terror
oTerrorized country with widespread arrests and executions
oAnyone thought to be opposed to Stalin and Communism was executed on the spot
“Reign of Terror” o 1934 “great purges” and
“show trials” o Sent millions to Soviet
labor camps o 2-7 million innocent
citizens are murdered o Forced confessions o Public accusations
“Reign of Terror”
oEmployed KGB to repress any opposition
oUsed publications to report statistics inaccurately in his favor
Stalin
o1928 First “Five Year Plan” oAttempt to make Russia a modern industrial state
o“Comrades” need to work harder so Soviet Russia can be a beacon of hope to workers everywhere
Stalin in Power
o1933 Second “Five Year Plan”- emphasized rapid growth of Soviet Industry
oThis worked fairly well, by the end Soviet Russia was a formidable world power
Secret Agreement
o“German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact”: secret agreement between Stalin and Hitler
oNeither country would attack each other
Liar!
oHitler lied! o1941- “Operation
Barbarossa” oGermany fully attacks Russia!
Symbolism oRussian
Revolution
oStalin
oCommunism
Animal Farm
Napoleon
“Animalism”
Allegory
Underlying meaning and surface meaning o Grand in scope
Fable
A short story that has a moral and has animals as
characters
Satire
A story that makes fun of something
George Orwell
Real name: Eric Blair oDisapproved of Communism
oA socialist
George Orwell
oCommunism was not pure socialism because:
o Gulf in society o Control of the peasants o Hypocritical
George Orwell/author
o Used his writings to communicate a political message o Wrote 1984 o Big Brother rules a society o Everyone is watched 24 hours a day
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