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AnimationAnimation
Jon JohanssonJon Johansson
AnimationAnimation
• Webster, defines “animation” as• a: “a motion picture made by
photographing successive positions of inanimate objects (as puppets or mechanical parts)”
• b: “Animated Cartoon, a motion picture made from a series of drawings simulating motion by means of slight progressive changes."
• Webster, defines “animation” as• a: “a motion picture made by
photographing successive positions of inanimate objects (as puppets or mechanical parts)”
• b: “Animated Cartoon, a motion picture made from a series of drawings simulating motion by means of slight progressive changes."
AnimationAnimation
• Animation - The best visual cue of depth and time is one of motion.
• Single frame animation - generate a series of frames and convert them to an mpeg
• mpeg_encode (Berkley mpeg encoder)
• ppmtompeg (Berkley mpeg encoder distributed with libpbm)
• Animation - The best visual cue of depth and time is one of motion.
• Single frame animation - generate a series of frames and convert them to an mpeg
• mpeg_encode (Berkley mpeg encoder)
• ppmtompeg (Berkley mpeg encoder distributed with libpbm)
AnimationAnimation
• Parallax - the "apparent motion" of an object against a distant background because of a perspective shift
• parallax can help our brain organize the relative positions of points
• Parallax - the "apparent motion" of an object against a distant background because of a perspective shift
• parallax can help our brain organize the relative positions of points
AnimationAnimation
• the object rotates counterclockwise
• red point appears to move to the left relative to the background
• magenta point appears to move to the right
• the object rotates counterclockwise
• red point appears to move to the left relative to the background
• magenta point appears to move to the right
AnimationAnimation
• for our purposes we will generate a series of images, one for each step– time step– spatial movement
• for our purposes we will generate a series of images, one for each step– time step– spatial movement
AnimationAnimation
• scientific visualization packages generally include some ability to generate a series of successive frames
• scientific visualization packages generally include some ability to generate a series of successive frames
MPEG EncodingMPEG Encoding
• A compression standard for audio, video, and data established by the International Telecommunications Union and International Standards Organization.
• A compression standard for audio, video, and data established by the International Telecommunications Union and International Standards Organization.
MPEG-1MPEG-1
• MPEG-1 standard– established in 1992– designed to produce reasonable quality
images and sound at low bit rates (e.g., 352x288 images with VHS quality at 1.5 Mbits/sec)
• portable results
• MPEG-1 standard– established in 1992– designed to produce reasonable quality
images and sound at low bit rates (e.g., 352x288 images with VHS quality at 1.5 Mbits/sec)
• portable results
MPEG-2MPEG-2
• MPEG-2 standard– established in 1994– designed to produce higher quality images
at higher bit rates (e.g., 720x480 studio quality CCIR-601 images at up to 15 Mbits/sec)
– DVD video is usually encoded from digital studio master tapes to MPEG-2 format
• MPEG-2 standard– established in 1994– designed to produce higher quality images
at higher bit rates (e.g., 720x480 studio quality CCIR-601 images at up to 15 Mbits/sec)
– DVD video is usually encoded from digital studio master tapes to MPEG-2 format
Berkley MPEG-1 EncoderBerkley MPEG-1 Encoder• Available from: http://bmrc.berkeley.edu
/frame/research/mpeg/• Known to compile on several Unixes:
– SunOS 4.1.3 – HPUX 9.0.3 – Ultrix 4.4 – OSF – IRIX v4 – IRIX v5
• Available from: http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/frame/research/mpeg/
• Known to compile on several Unixes:– SunOS 4.1.3 – HPUX 9.0.3 – Ultrix 4.4 – OSF – IRIX v4 – IRIX v5
MPEG Software Simulation Group (MSSG)
MPEG Software Simulation Group (MSSG)• Provide a free encoder for MPEG 1 and
2– mpeg2encode
• Available from http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/MSSG/
• Works under Windows 2000 (I use this)
• Compiles under some unixes as well
• This encoder is also distributed with ImageMagick
• Provide a free encoder for MPEG 1 and 2– mpeg2encode
• Available from http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/MSSG/
• Works under Windows 2000 (I use this)
• Compiles under some unixes as well
• This encoder is also distributed with ImageMagick
MPEG EncoderMPEG Encoder• Encoder is included in the VisWorkshop.zip
package available by copying from – /scratch/jonj
• This version compiles under Irix and the executable is included
• Mpeg_encode is already installed on aurora so you just have to type– mpeg_encode param_file
• Have some work to do to set up the parameter file
• Sample images are available from– /scratch/dthornto/Workshop/FramesMHeimpel
• Encoder is included in the VisWorkshop.zip package available by copying from – /scratch/jonj
• This version compiles under Irix and the executable is included
• Mpeg_encode is already installed on aurora so you just have to type– mpeg_encode param_file
• Have some work to do to set up the parameter file
• Sample images are available from– /scratch/dthornto/Workshop/FramesMHeimpel
MPEG EncoderMPEG Encoder
• The mpeg_tutor directory contains several parameter files– Read explained.par for a good description
• quality.par contains parameters for a good quality mpeg
• The mpeg_tutor directory contains several parameter files– Read explained.par for a good description
• quality.par contains parameters for a good quality mpeg
Mpeg_encode parametersMpeg_encode parameters# Hi-Quality mpeg_encode parameter file
# Robert Wenzlaff
#
# ******* Stuff you NEED to set ************************
OUTPUT quality-f-lc.mpg
BASE_FILE_FORMAT PPM
YUV_SIZE 360x288
#INPUT_CONVERT tgatoppm * # If you have ppm files comment this out
INPUT_DIR . # Read from the current directory
INPUT
Regframe.*.ppm [1000-1098]
END_INPUT
# Hi-Quality mpeg_encode parameter file
# Robert Wenzlaff
#
# ******* Stuff you NEED to set ************************
OUTPUT quality-f-lc.mpg
BASE_FILE_FORMAT PPM
YUV_SIZE 360x288
#INPUT_CONVERT tgatoppm * # If you have ppm files comment this out
INPUT_DIR . # Read from the current directory
INPUT
Regframe.*.ppm [1000-1098]
END_INPUT
NetPBMNetPBM• utilities for primitive manipulation of
graphic images
• converters from one graphics format to another
• mpegs by:– ppmtompeg
• can be built on many Unices including: Linux, AIX, Irix
• get the package from– http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/
• utilities for primitive manipulation of graphic images
• converters from one graphics format to another
• mpegs by:– ppmtompeg
• can be built on many Unices including: Linux, AIX, Irix
• get the package from– http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/
IrfanView (Windows)IrfanView (Windows)
• freeware by Irfan Skiljan from Austria
• http://www.irfanview.com/
• converts between almost 100 image formats
• allows for some basic image manipulation
• I use this almost every day – I find it extremely useful
• freeware by Irfan Skiljan from Austria
• http://www.irfanview.com/
• converts between almost 100 image formats
• allows for some basic image manipulation
• I use this almost every day – I find it extremely useful
TMpgEnc (Windows)TMpgEnc (Windows)
• originally the Tsunami Mpeg Encoder
• http://www.tmpgenc.net/
• shareware by Hiroyuki Hori from Japan
• mpeg 1 encoding is free – must license to do mpeg 2 encoding past a 30 day trial
• originally the Tsunami Mpeg Encoder
• http://www.tmpgenc.net/
• shareware by Hiroyuki Hori from Japan
• mpeg 1 encoding is free – must license to do mpeg 2 encoding past a 30 day trial
Mpeg EncodingMpeg Encoding
• in order to create an mpeg animation from a set of frames I will typically:
• use IrfanView to convert the batch of images to .bmp format
• point TMpgEnc at the first .bmp in the series and click on “start”
• the default values for encoding are very good, but the quality can be made better by simply increasing the bitrate
• in order to create an mpeg animation from a set of frames I will typically:
• use IrfanView to convert the batch of images to .bmp format
• point TMpgEnc at the first .bmp in the series and click on “start”
• the default values for encoding are very good, but the quality can be made better by simply increasing the bitrate
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