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C. fruticosa leaf extracts as antibacterial agents against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis
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7/21/2019 Antibacterial Properties of Cordyline Fruticosa L.
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Antibacterial Activity of Cordyline fruticosa L.Ethanolic Leaf Extract
Abordo, Ma. Liciel Q.1, Iglesias, Eloisa Marie C.1
1Department of Biology, College of Science, olytec!nic"ni#ersity of t!e !ilippines
Abstract
Cordyline fruticosa L. which is widely known as Good luck plant or
Tungkod- pare in the Philippines is said to have antibacterial properties.
The purpose of this study is to determine which type of bacteria does the
extracts from the sample were tested through disk diffusion method
against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Escherichiacoli with the antibiotic, treptomycin as the control. !esults show
moderate antibacterial effect of the leaf extract against E. coli and massive
antibacterial effect against B. subtilis
sKey words: Cordyline fruticosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli .
Introduction
Cordyline fruticosa L. belongs to the family "sparagaceae, which comprises
more than #$% species distributed to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. &t isknown in the Philippines as 'Tungkod-pare( and 'Good luck plant( )C. fruticosa around
the house was believed to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck*. C. fruticosa is an
evergreen shrub with reddish purple or glossy green leaves. &t is native to outheast
"sia and Papua +ew Guinea. &t is widely used as an ornamental plant but traditionally, it
is used as a treatment of various diseases the leaves are used to treat sore throat and
neck pain, as haemostatic, and to induce abortion the roots are used for toothache,
laryngitis and infections of mammary glands.
e postulate that leaf ethanolic extracts of C. fruticosa will inhibit the growth of
Bacillus subtilis and Eschirichia coli under a room temperature for /$-0# hours.
The purpose of this experiment is to determine if C. fruticosa ethanolic leaf
extract has antibacterial activity on Gram positive B. subtilis and Gram negative E. coli
bacteria and to know which type of bacteria it is more effective to. "lso, this study aims
to contribute to the few studies and researches that has been conducted about
Cordyline fruticosa.
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Methodology
Collection of Plant
Cordyline fruticosa leaves were gathered from 1strella 2eights ubdivision in
!odrigue3, !i3al during the month of "ugust 0%/4.
Extraction
5resh leaves were washed with water and wiped with clean tissue to remove
unnecessary materials such as soil and dust. The leaves were cut into tiny pieces and
crushed using a blender. /4%g of crushed leaves were put in a clean container were
soaked in /4%ml of 647 ethanol for 0# hrs. "fter 0# hrs, the mixture underwent
decantation and filtered using hatman filter paper. The li8uid from the mixture was
nearly put to boil and was cooled.
" /%ml ali8uot was diluted to 4%7 v9v.
Preparation of Paper Disk
5or each bacteria, three paper disks were prepared.
terile filter paper disks were taken in a petri dish containing the diluted leaf extract.
"nother sterile filter paper disks were placed in another petri dish which contains the
concentrated leaf extract. The two sets of disks were submerged in their corresponding
solution for a minute. The same procedure was done for preparing antibiotic paper disks
using treptomycin.
Inoculation of the ! agar plate
:sing a sterile cotton swab, get the microorganism from the mother culture andinoculate the agar by streaking the swab with the inoculum. "llow the surface of the
medium to dry for ;-4 minutes but not longer than /4 minutes to allow for absorption of
excess moisture.
Two types of bacteria were used Gram positive )Bacillus subtilis* and Gram
negative )Escherichia coli *.
Place"ent of the filter paper disks
The plates were divided into three 8uadrants 8uadrant one for /%%7 leaf extract,
8uadrant two for 4%7 leaf extract and 8uadrant three for antibiotic.
:sing a forceps, place the paper disks into their designated 8uadrants.
Incubation of the plates
The <2 agar plates with bacteria were incubated at room temperature for 0# hrs.
easuring the #one of inhibition
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The 3one of inhibition is a clear region around the paper disk which indicates the
sensitivity of bacteria to a drug. :sing a ruler, the 3one of inhibition was measured in
terms of millimeters while viewing the back of the petri dish.
Results and Discussion
=one of inhibitionB. subtilis E. coli
>uadrant / )/%%7 Leaf
extract*
/4 mm /4 mm
>uadrant 0 )4%7 Leaf
1xtract*
0% mm /4 mm
>uadrant ; )treptomycin* 04 mm ;% mmTable 1. $ntibacterial acti%ity of C. fruticosa ethanolic leaf extract
The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of C. fruticosa at differentconcentrations )/%%7 and 4%7%&% * against Gram positive B. subtilis and Gram negative
E. coli )Figure 1 and 2* was presented in able 1. /%%7 Leaf extract showed activity
against B. subtilis )/4mm* and E. coli )/4mm, but the inhibition was not very clear, Fig.
1*. "t 4%7 leaf extract, it showed activity against B. subtilis )0%mm* and E. coli )/4mm,
but the inhibition was not very clear, Fig. 1*. The treptomycin showed activity against
B. subtilis )04mm* and E. coli );%mm*.
1thanolic leaf extracts of ?ordyline fruticosa produced moderate antibacterial
effect on 1. coli. @iameters of the 3ones of inhibition did not change in different
concentration. This means that the concentration does not affect the antibacterial
activity of the leaf extract. The control )treptomycin* antibiotic disk created a clear
Fig.1 Fig. 2 B.
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region of inhibition measuring );%mm*. This is because 1. coli is Gram negative
bacteria. The Gram-negative cell wall contains a thinner layer of peptidoglycan
surrounded by an outer membrane and treptomycin crosses the outer cell wall of 1.
coli by passive diffusion until it penetrates the intracellular area of the bacteria.
)a* )b*
Fig. 3 Plates showing the 3one of inhibition using C. fruticosa and treptomycin. !a" E. coli !b"
B. subtilis
5or the test in A. subtilis, ethanolic leaf extract shows massive antibacterialactivity. The extract is more efficient when diluted to 4%7 )0%mm* than when
concentrated )/4mm* while the control antibiotic )treptomycin* disk gives a smaller
inhibition 3one than in 1. coli, measuring 04mm. This is because A. subtilis is a Gram
positive bacteria. Gram positive bacteria contains a thick layer of pepditoglycan in its
cell wall and the thickness of the cell wall inhibits the transport.
#onclusion
Aased on the results, ?ordyline fruticosa ethanolic leaf extract showed
antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. &t is moreeffective to Gram positive bacteria, A. subtilis )as it created larger 3one of inhibition*
than to Gram negative bacteria )1.coli*. 5or further study of this plant, the active
ingredient)s* in the plant should be investigated.
References
7/21/2019 Antibacterial Properties of Cordyline Fruticosa L.
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