“Designing MRDB and multi -scale DCMs: sharing experience ... · – Incremental automatic update...

Report of ICA / EuroSDR NMA Symposium 2013

“Designing MRDB and multi-scale DCMs: sharing experience between governmental mapping agencies” 21-22 March 2013, Barcelona, hosted by the Institut Cartografic de Catalunya

Cécile Duchêne, Jantien Stoter, Dirk Burghardt

GENESIS AND OBJECTIVE OF THE SYMPOSIUM

• Generalisation workshop in Istanbul, September 2012 => many NMAs working on building MRDBs and using them to produce multi-

scale DCMs => interest of several NMAs for a meeting to share experience

• Previous meetings of the same kind hosted by the ITC (2005) and

Swisstopo (2010)

• Invitation through classical ICA and EuroSDR channels

• The meeting took place in Barcelona, hosted by the ICC (Catalonia)

23 August 2013 2 2013 ICA/EuroSDR Barcelona NMA Symposium report

ORGANISATION OF THE SYMPOSIUM

• 23 people from 12 NMAs attended the symposium – Represented NMAs (country/region):

• IGN-B (Belgium) • ICC (Catalonia) • GST (Denmark) • NLS (Finland) • IGN-F (France) • AdV (German regions) • OSGB (Great Britain) • OSI (Ireland) • Kadaster NL (Netherlands) • IGN-S (Spain) • Swisstopo (Switzerland) • USGS (USA-visioconference)

ORGANISATION OF THE SYMPOSIUM

• 1.5 day meeting – Each NMA made a presentation – Breakout discussions

• Content of presentations:

– Include a « derivation scheme » (operational/planned): – Describe whole production architecture (operational/planned) – And/or focus on particular aspect(s):

• building an MRDB • workflow for a particular DCM • delivery on the web, etc.

DLM1 DCM1 DCM2 …

Different approaches & focuses in NMAs (1/4)

« Derivation schemes » presented by NMAs

AdV (German regions) IGN-F (France) OSI (Ireland)

ICC (Catalonia) OSGB (Great Britain) Swisstopo (Switzerland) IGN-B (Belgium)

GST (Denmark) NLS (Finland) IGN-S (Spain)

• Derivation schemes: star vs ladder?

STAR VS LADDER?

« Star » approach « Ladder » approach

[EuroGeographics, 2005]

Mixed approaches

DCM1 DCM2

DCM3 DCM4

• Derivation schemes: star vs ladder? – Most NMAs have a mixed approach (confirms survey by [Foerster et al. 2010])

• Distinguish DLMs and DCMs? (and model vs cartographic generalisation) – Some NMAs do, some others don’t

DLM DCM

« DLCM »

• Distinguish DLMs and DCMs? (and model vs cartographic generalisation)

• Used tools? – Always commercial software + ad hoc developments – Developments: home made most of the time, sometimes outsourced to

software providers

• Distinguish DLMs and DCMs? (and model vs cartographic generalisation)

• Used tools?

• Degree of automation – Semi-automatic (scripts chained manually) (e.g. NLS-Finland, all lods) – Automatic stage + manual edits (e.g. Swisstopo, IGN-F 10k => classical 25k) – Fully automatic (e.g. OSGB 1.25-10k => light 25k; IGN-F 10k => light 25k; KNL 10k=>50k;)

DEGREE OF AUTOMATION

23 August 2013 2013 ICA/EuroSDR Barcelona NMA Symposium report 16

Fully automated

Source data (2.5-10k)

OS VectorMap® District Beta (light 1:25k)

Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright Kadaster NL

Source data (10k)

50k DCM

Automated + manual edits Swisstopo 1:25k

IGN-France

« Scan express » (light 1:25k)

• Degree of automation and cartographic quality expectations – Cartographic quality expectations have changed in some NMAs...

Idea: the users might prefer more up to date information with lowest graphical quality ⇒Compromises are made regarding

• the level of refinement • acceptance rate of graphical errors remaining on the map

– ... but not in all NMAs/not for all products other strategies exist with higher amount of manual corrections to improve

graphical quality

– Challenge to find the right balance to satisfy user requirements

• MRDB management (links btw lods) – Several NMAs have begun to manage MRDBs and believe in incremental

updating – But some issues related to the management of unique IDs

• Lack of tools e.g. to manage unique IDs not internal to the sofware • Other identified problems: cf. presentation of IGN-Belgium + breakout session

report – To date, in prduction:

• Some automated tools to detect relevant changes • Propagation of updates is not automated

• Incremental updating vs full re-derivation

– Both approaches exist even in a same NMA – Depends notably on degree of automation, expected data stability over time

for users

• Maps for delivery on the web – All NMAs now deliver both paper and web maps, and have geoportals

Although considered map scales are still mainly « traditional » (paper) scales

– Some NMAs concentrated on web delivery first, others on automation first => more or less sophisticated viewers/geoportals

– Topics studied in several NMAs: • homogeneizing symbols across scales for web maps • producing dedicated content & symbols for backdrop maps • services to enable online customisation

USGS viewer

MAJOR RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS

• Survey by [Foerster et al. 2010]: – “full automated generalisation processes do not exist” – only 5 out of the 11 considered NMAs had made major steps towards automation

• Today – 11 out of the 12 NMAs present in Barcelona have automated generalisation in production – Automated generalisation is good enough to provide acceptable products without or with

minor manual edits

⇒ Full/almost full automation is partly enabled by changing view on the problem : solutions do not need to be perfect but “good enough”

⇒ But also: gap btw research and production partly filled, thanks to

– Maturity in research – Investment of NMAs in development – Progress made by commercial software – Collaboration between researchers/NMAs/software vendors [e.g. this workshops series,

EuroSDR project]

BREAKOUT SESSIONS IN BARCELONA

Six topics discussed • Incremental updates (and need for keeping links between lods) • Cartographic quality vs up-to-dateness • Sharing experience on generalisation tools • On-demand mapping: how far can we go? • Future challenges for NMAs • Possible further collaborations between NMAs

BREAKOUT SESSIONS IN BARCELONA

Six topics discussed • Incremental updates (and need for keeping links between lods) • Cartographic quality vs up-to-dateness • Sharing experience on generalisation tools • On-demand mapping: how far can we go? • Future challenges for NMAs • Possible further collaborations between NMAs

Identified future challenges for NMAs (1/3)

• Technical challenges – On-demand mapping: exploiting MRDB for specific requirements

• + on-the-fly generalisation would increase flexibility

– Incremental automatic update – Supporting “analytical products” (especially at smaller scales):

• analytical products = product mixing NMA data (backdrop) + user/third party data

– Management of 3D data

• Challenges regarding resources and business models – Resources

• pressure about more products in shorter time with less resources • how to minimize cost to capture data, maintain data

– Responsibility • Some NMA have outsourced part of their work risk that know how gets lost

– Business models • debate about free data (should NMA give their data free) • OSM, Google, etc. => it seems data have less value – How to cope with that?

⇒ services on top of the data? ⇒better cartographic quality? ⇒how to convince (especially young) people that good cartographic products

enable better decision making?

• Challenges regarding user requirements – Is there a high value in high quality cartographic data ?

• assumption: quality cartographic products enable better decision making • does lower cartographic quality satisfy user requirements as well?

– Need to invest more time to understand user requirements

CONCLUSION / FUTURE

• All participants found the meeting useful and are interested in having this kind of meetings regularly

• Also a means of doing benchmarking for the community

• Material available

– Presentations available on generalisation.icaci.org, « Previous events » section – Reports from breakout sessions not yet published, expected soon – No written report (yet), but… – …a chapter of the new ICA book on generalisation is about generalisation

within NMAs (chapter 11) • Contains written contributions from 7 NMAs present in Barcelona + JRC • Contains a section summarising main achievements and future challenges. Input:

written contributions + presentations and discussions in Barcelona

Thank you! Questions?

DEGREE OF AUTOMATION

Fully automated

Source data (2.5-10k)

OS VectorMap® District Beta (light 1:25k)

Source data (10k)

50k DCM

Automated + manual edits Swisstopo 1:25k

IGN-France

« Scan express » (light 1:25k)

Full automation possible depending on: –considered scales, –used/developed tools, –level of exigence in cartographic quality, –density of buildings kept in urban zones

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