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TURKEYINHORIZON2020ALTUN/HORIZ/TR2012/0740.14-2/SER/005
“Intellectual Property & Horizon 2020: How to deal with your intellectual Assets”
IntellectualPropertyinEuropeandTurkey
VeroniqueChappelartIPRExpert
Istanbul,2/2/2016
WhatisIntellectualPropertyinEurope?
Intellectualpropertyconsistsofproducts,workorprocessesthatyouhavecreatedandwhichgiveyouacompetitiveadvantage.Thereare3subcategories:
• Industrialproperty:inventions(patents),trademarks,industrialdesigns,newvarietiesofplantsandgeographicindicationsoforigin
• Artisticworkprotectedbycopyright:originalliteraryandartisticworks,music,televisionbroadcasting,software,databases,architecturaldesigns,advertisingcreationsandmultimedia
• Commercialstrategies:tradesecrets,know-how,confidentialityagreements,orrapidproduction.
WhatisWIPO?Youcanprotectyourintellectual propertybymeansoftheintellectual propertyrights(IPR)laiddownbytheWorldIntellectual PropertyOrganisation(WIPO)
WhatisWIPO?
WIPOistheglobalforumforIntellectual propertyservices, policy,informationandcooperation.
WIPOisaselffundingagencyoftheUnitedNations,with188members.
TurkeyjoinedWIPOin1976,therefore,Turkeyfulfilstheconditionstobeamember ofWIPO.TheWIPOConventionprovidesthatmembershipisopentoanystatethatis:
• AmemberoftheParisUnionfortheprotectionofIndustrialProperty(ParisConvention)
• memberoftheBerneUnionfortheProtectionofLiteraryandArtisticWorks;or
• amemberoftheUnitednations,orofanyoftheUnitedNations’Specialised Agencies,oroftheInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency,orthat ispartytotheStatueoftheInternationalCourtofJustice, or
• InvitedbytheWIPOGeneralAssemblytobecome amemberstateoftheOrganisation
TurkeywhojoinedWIPOin1976 wasatthattimeamember oftheParisUnion(since1925)andoftheBerneUnion(accession in1951,entryintoforcein1952)
IPTypes
• TheformofprotectiondependsonthetypeofIP:• trademarks - protectthenameofyourproductby
preventingotherbusinessfromsellingaproductunderthesamename
• patents - allowyoutostopthirdpartiesfrommaking,usingorsellingyourinventionforacertainperioddependingonthetypeofinvention,ingeneralminimum20years
• copyright - informsothersthatyou(astheauthor)intendtocontroltheproduction,distribution,displayorperformanceofyourwork.Copyrightisgrantedautomatically,withnoneedforformalregistration.Youcanstartusingthecopyrightsymbolimmediately.
ANationalmatter
IPRsarestillchieflyprotectedbynationalratherthanEUlaws.• DefendingthemineachindividualEUcountrycan
becomplicatedandcostly.YoucansavetimeandmoneybyprotectingyourintellectualpropertyatEUlevel.• Thiswillmakesurethatyourinnovationsand
creationsareprotectedacrosstheEU,andthatyouarerewardedforthem.
1.Trademark
AtrademarkcanbeprotectedatEUlevelthroughwithanEUtrademark(ETM).
Why?
• Ifyoudobusiness inmorethanoneEUcountry,anEUtrademark(ETM)offersyouprotection throughout theEU.
• ETMsareregisteredinAlicante(Spain), attheOfficeforHarmonizationintheInternalMarket(OHIM).
• Undertheprovisionsofthe 2015amending Regulation(REGULATION(EU)2015/2424OFTHEEUROPEANPARLIAMENTANDOFTHECOUNCILof16December2015), thenameoftheOfficewillchangetotheEuropeanUnionIntellectualPropertyOffice.
• Thischangewillcomeintoeffecton23March2016,whenthelegislationentersintoforce.
EuropeanTradeMark
• AETMgivestheownerprotectionforallEUMemberStatesinonesingleregistration.
• TheETMisanall-or-nothingdeal:eitheryougetitforalltheMemberStates,oryoudonotgetaETMatall.
• IfyoudobusinessinonlyoneEUcountry,youcanregisteryourtrademarkatanationalofficeandgetprotectionforyourbrandandallthevalueitentailswhereyouneedit.
OHIM/EuropeanUnionIntellectualPropertyOffice?
WhatistheEuropeanUnionIntellectualPropertyOffice(OHIM)?
• OHIM/EuropeanUnionIntellectualPropertyOffice istheEuropeanUnionagency
responsibleformanagingtwoimportantvehiclesfortheprotectionofcreativityand
innovation– theCommunitytrademarkandtheregisteredCommunitydesign.
• BasedinAlicante(Spain).
• TheregulationestablishingOHIMwasadoptedbytheCounciloftheEuropeanUnionin
December1993andrevisedin2009.
• ItcreatedtheCommunitytrademarkasalegalinstrumentinCommunitylawand
establishedOHIMasaCommunitybodywith legal,administrativeandfinancial
autonomy.
• CouncilRegulation(EC)No6of2002createdtheregisteredCommunitydesign.
SubmitforanEUTradeMark
• AnonlineETMapplicationcosts€900andisfiledinjustonelanguage.Thefeeforapaperformis€1050
• WhenOHIMreceivesaETMapplication,OHIMchecksitandprocessesit.
• Onceregistered,yourETMcanberenewedindefinitelyeverytenyears.
• Thesameprinciplesapplytodesigns.
HowcanyouprotectyourIPinEurope?
Conclusionontheadvantages
• ThemajoradvantageoftheEUtrademarksystemisthatit
makespossibletheuniformidentificationofproductsand
servicesbyenterprisesthroughouttheEuropeanUnion
(EU).
• AuniqueprocedureappliedbytheOfficefor
HarmonisationintheInternalMarket (OHIM)allowsthem
toregistertrademarkswhichwillbenefitfromunitary
protectionandbefullyapplicable ineverypartoftheEU.
RightsbyETM
• TherightsconferredbytheETMREGULATION(EU)2015/2424OFTHEEUROPEANPARLIAMENTAND
OFTHECOUNCILof16December2015
• AEUtrademarkconfersonitsproprietor exclusiverights.Theproprietorisentitledtoprohibitall
thirdpartiesfromusinginthecourseoftrade,inrelationtogoodsorservices,anysignwhere:
• (a) thesignisidenticalwiththeEUtrademarkandisusedinrelationtogoodsorserviceswhichare
identicalwiththoseforwhichtheEUtrademarkisregistered;
• (b) thesignisidenticalwith,orsimilarto,theEUtrademarkandisusedinrelationtogoodsorservices
whichareidenticalwith,orsimilarto,thegoodsorservicesforwhich theEUtrademarkisregistered,if
thereexistsalikelihoodofconfusiononthepartofthepublic;thelikelihoodofconfusionincludesthe
likelihoodofassociationbetweenthesignandthetrademark;
• (c) thesignisidenticalwith,orsimilarto,theEUtrademarkirrespectiveofwhether itisusedinrelationto
goodsorserviceswhichareidenticalwith,similartoornot similartothoseforwhich theEUtrademarkis
registered,wherethelatterhasareputationintheUnionandwhereuseofthatsignwithoutduecause
takesunfairadvantageof,orisdetrimentalto,thedistinctivecharacterorthereputeoftheEUtrademark.
Regulationexamples
TheRegulationsetexamplesofwhatcanbeprohibited,butthelistisnot
exhaustive:
(a)affixing thesigntothegoodsortothepackaging thereof;
(b)offering thegoods,puttingthemonthemarket,orstockingthemforthose
purposesunderthesign,orofferingorsupplyingservicesthereunder;
(c)importingorexportingthegoodsunder thesign;
(d)using thesignasatradeorcompanynameorpartofatradeorcompanyname;
(e)usingthesignonbusinesspapersandinadvertising;
(f)usingthesignincomparativeadvertising inamanner thatiscontrarytoDirective
2006/114/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncil(*).
Righttoprohibitpreparatoryacts
• TheRegulationevengrantstherighttoprohibitpreparatoryactsinrelationto
theuseofpackagingorothermeans,wheretheriskexiststhatthepackaging,
labels,tags,securityorauthenticityfeaturesordevicesoranyothermeansto
whichthemarkisaffixedcouldbeusedinrelationtogoodsorservicesandsuch
usewouldconstituteaninfringementoftherightsoftheproprietorofanEU
trademark.
• TherightsconferredbyanEUtrademarkshallprevailagainst thirdpartiesfrom
thedateofpublicationoftheregistrationofthetrademark.
LimitationsofEUTradeMarkeffects
LimitationoftheeffectsofanEUtrademark.
• AnEUtrademarkshallnotentitletheproprietortoprohibitathird
partyfromusing,inthecourseoftrade:
• (a)thenameoraddressofthethirdparty,where thatthirdpartyisanaturalperson;
• (b) signsorindicationswhicharenotdistinctiveorwhichconcernthekind,quality,
quantity,intendedpurpose,value,geographicalorigin,thetimeofproductionofgoods
orofrenderingoftheservice,orothercharacteristicsofthegoodsorservices;
• (c) theEUtrademarkforthepurposeofidentifyingorreferring togoodsorservicesas
thoseoftheproprietorofthattrademark,inparticular,wheretheuseofthattrade
markisnecessarytoindicatetheintendedpurposeofaproductorservice,inparticular
asaccessoriesorspareparts.
ImportantArticlesonREGULATION2015/2424
TheRegulationgoesintodeepdetailsregardingnewissues:
• Interveningrightoftheproprietorofalaterregisteredtrademarkasa
defenceininfringementproceedings(Article13a)
• Transferofatrademarkregisteredinthenameofanagent(Article18)
• ProcedureforenteringlicencesandotherrightsintheRegister(Article
22a)
• ProcedureforcancellingormodifyingtheentryintheRegisterof
licencesandotherrights(Article24a)
PleaseseetheRegulationformoredetails.
HowtoregisteraETM?
• OnlineontheOHIMWebsiteApplicationonline.
• AETMregistrationlastsfor10yearsbutcanbe
renewedindefinitely.
• Every10yearsyouwillbefacedwiththequestion:
doIwanttorenewmytrademark?
• Theanswerdependsonyourbrandstrategy.
Whathappensaftertheapplication?
• Receiptofapplication
• Examination
• Publicationoftheapplication
• Oppositionperiod
• Registration
• Publicationoftheregisteredmark
Videoonwhathappensaftertheapplication
Videoonenforcingyourtrademark
2.Patents
• Youcanapplyforanationalpatentatapatentofficeinyour
owncountryorforaEuropeanpatentthroughthe
EuropeanPatentOffice.
• BasedinMunich, theEuropeanPatentOffice(EPO)offers
inventorsauniformapplicationprocedurewhichenables
themtoseekpatentprotectioninupto40European
countries.
• TheOfficeistheexecutivebodyoftheEuropeanPatent
organisation.
TheEuropeanPatentOrganisation(EPO)
• TheEuropeanPatentOrganisation isanintergovernmental
organisationthatwassetupon7October1977onthebasis
oftheEuropeanPatentConvention(EPC)signedinMunich
in1973.
• Ithastwobodies,theEuropeanPatentOfficeandthe
AdministrativeCouncil,whichsupervisestheOffice's
activities.
• TheOrganisationcurrentlyhas38MemberStates.
• TurkeybecameaMemberStateon1November2000
EPOMemberStates
EuropeanPatents
• However,aEuropeanpatentneedstobevalidatedbythe
nationalpatentofficeineachcountrywhereprotectionis
required.
• Dependingonthecountry’slaw,youmayhavetoprovide
translationsorpayfeesbyacertainperiod.
• Whydoesthistranslationrequirementexists?Becauseof
the3languagesusedinEPO.
HowtoapplyforaEuropeanPatent?
BeforeapplyingforaEuropeanpatent
1.Itisimportanttoknowwhatinventionsandpatentsare.
2.Application:
• TheEuropeanPatentOfficeacceptsapplicationsunderthe
EuropeanEuropeanPatentConvention(EPC)andthePatent
CooperationTreaty(PCT).
• Ifyouareseekingprotectioninonlyafewcountries,itmaybe
besttoapplydirectforanational patenttoeachofthenational
offices.
PartsofaEuropeanPatent
AEuropeanpatentapplicationconsistsof:
1. arequestforgrant
2. adescriptionoftheinvention
3. claims
4. drawings(ifany)
5. anabstract.
ApplicationscanbefiledattheEPOinanylanguage. However,theofficiallanguages
oftheEPOareEnglish,FrenchandGerman.
Iftheapplication isnotfiledinoneoftheselanguages, atranslationhastobe
submitted.
FillingandFormalitiesexamination
ThefirststepintheEuropeanpatentgrantingprocedureistheexaminationonfiling.Thisinvolvescheckingwhetherallthenecessaryinformationanddocumentationhasbeenprovided, sothattheapplicationcanbeaccordedafilingdate.Thefollowingarerequired:
1. anindicationthataEuropeanpatentissought
2. particularsidentifyingtheapplicant
3. adescriptionoftheinventionor
4. areferencetoapreviouslyfiledapplication.
Ifnoclaimsarefiled,theyneedtobesubmittedwithintwomonths.
Thisisfollowedbyaformalitiesexaminationrelatingtocertainformalaspectsoftheapplication, including theformandcontentoftherequestforgrant,drawingsandabstract,thedesignationoftheinventor,theappointmentofaprofessionalrepresentative,thenecessarytranslationsandthefeesdue.
Howtosearchforapatent?
• Whiletheformalitiesexaminationisbeingcarriedout,aEuropean
searchreportisdrawnup,listingallthedocumentsavailabletothe
Officethatmayberelevanttoassessingnoveltyandinventivestep.
• Thesearchreportisbasedonthepatentclaimsbutalsotakesinto
accountthedescriptionandanydrawings.
• Afterithasbeendrawnup,thesearchreportissenttotheapplicant
togetherwithacopyofanyciteddocumentsandaninitial opinion asto
whethertheclaimedinventionandtheapplicationmeetthe
requirementsoftheEuropeanPatentConvention
PublicationoftheApplication
• Theapplicationispublished- normallytogetherwiththesearchreport- 18monthsafter
thedateoffilingor,ifprioritywasclaimed,theprioritydate.
• Applicantsthenhave6monthstodecidewhetherornottopursuetheirapplicationby
requestingsubstantiveexamination.
• Alternatively,anapplicantwhohasrequestedexaminationalreadywillbeinvitedto
confirmwhethertheapplicationshouldproceed.
• Withinthesametimelimittheapplicantmustpaytheappropriatedesignationfeeand,if
applicable,theextensionfees.
• Fromthedateofpublication,aEuropeanpatentapplicationconfersprovisionalprotection
onthe inventioninthestatesdesignatedintheapplication.
• However,dependingontherelevantnationallaw,itmaybenecessarytofileatranslation
oftheclaimswiththepatentofficeinquestionandhavethistranslationpublished.
SubstantiveExamination
• Aftertherequestforexaminationhasbeenmade,theEuropeanPatent
OfficeexamineswhethertheEuropeanpatentapplication andthe
inventionmeettherequirementsoftheEuropeanPatentConvention
andwhetherapatentcanbegranted.
Grantofapatent
• Iftheexaminingdivisiondecidesthatapatentcanbegranted,itissuesa
decisiontothateffect.
• Amentionofthegrantispublished intheEuropeanPatentBulletinonce
thetranslationsoftheclaimshavebeenfiledandthefeeforgrantand
publicationhavebeenpaid.
• Thedecisiontogranttakeseffectonthedateofpublication. The
grantedEuropeanpatentisa"bundle"ofindividual nationalpatents.
Validation
• Oncethementionofthegrantispublished, thepatenthastobe
validatedineachofthedesignatedstateswithinaspecifictimelimitto
retainitsprotectiveeffectandbeenforceableagainstinfringers.
• Inanumberofcontractingstates,thepatentownermayhavetofilea
translationofthespecificationinanofficial languageofthenational
patentoffice.
• AccordingtotheEuropeanPatentConvention(Article2),Turkeyhasto
provideatranslationofthecompletepatentspecification
• Dependingontherelevantnational law,theapplicantmayalsohaveto
payfeesbyacertaindate.
Opposition
• AftertheEuropeanpatenthasbeengranted,itmaybe
opposedbythirdparties– usuallytheapplicant’s
competitors– iftheybelievethatitshouldnothavebeen
granted.
• Noticeofoppositioncanonlybefiledwithin9monthsof
thegrantbeingmentionedintheEuropeanPatentBulletin.
• Oppositionsaredealtwithbyoppositiondivisions
Limitation/Revocation
• Thisstagemayalsoconsistofrevocationorlimitation
proceedingsinitiatedbythepatentproprietorhimself.
• Atanytimeafterthegrantofthepatent,thepatent
proprietormayrequesttherevocationorlimitationofhis
patent.
• ThedecisiontolimitortorevoketheEuropeanpatenttakes
effectonthedateonwhichitispublished intheEuropean
PatentBulletinandappliesabinitiotoallcontractingstates
inrespectofwhichthepatentwasgranted.
Appeal
• DecisionsoftheEuropeanPatentOffice– refusingan
applicationorinoppositioncases,forexample– areopento
appeal.
• Decisionsonappealsaretakenbytheindependentboards
ofappeal
RoutetoapplyforEuropeanPatent
Fillingoptions
• Onlinefiling:severaloptionsEPOnewonlinefiling(CMS)ortheEPOwebformfiling.• Fillingonpaperorfax:applications forEuropeanpatentscanbefiledbypost,fax(excludingauthorisationsandprioritydocuments)orbyhandattheEPO'sheadquarters inMunich,itsbranchinTheHagueanditsBerlinsub-office.
Seeonlinefilingoptions.
NationalRouteonPatent
• IfyouintendtoapplyforapatentinjustafewEuropeancountries,it
maybebettertochoosethenationalrouteandfileyourapplicationat
theIPofficesinthecountriesforwhichyouareseekingprotection.
• PatentlawintheEPOmemberstateshasbeenextensivelyharmonised
withtheEuropeanPatentConvention(EPC) intermsofpatentability
requirements.However,thenational routegenerallyleadstonational
rightswhichconferprotectionofdifferingextent.
• FurtherinformationontheIPOfficeinTurkey
http://www.tpe.gov.tr/TurkPatentEnstitusu/
WhatnextinEurope?
• ThefutureUnitaryPatentandtheUnifiedPatentCourt
• Whatistheunitarypatent- or"Europeanpatentwithunitaryeffect"?
• ItisaEuropeanpatent,grantedbytheEPOundertherulesandproceduresofthe
EuropeanPatentConvention,towhich,uponrequestofthepatentproprietor,
unitaryeffectisgivenfortheterritoryofthe25MemberStatesparticipatingin
theunitarypatentscheme(Croatia,PolandandSpainarenotpartofthe
scheme).
• Theunitarypatentwillco-existwithnationalpatentsandwithclassicalEuropean
patents.
• Patentproprietorswillinfuturebeabletochoosebetweenvariouscombinations
ofclassicalEuropeanpatentsandunitarypatents.
HowcanyouprotectyourIPinEurope?
• Forexample:
• aunitarypatentforthe25MemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnionwhich
participateintheunitarypatentscheme;
• togetherwithaclassicalEuropeanpatenttakingeffectinoneormoreEPC
ContractingStateswhichdonotparticipateinthescheme,suchasSpain,Italy,
Switzerland,Turkey,Norway,Iceland,etc.
• On11December2012theEuropeanParliamentvotedpositivelyinafirstreading
ontheEUCouncil'scompromiseproposalsfortwodraftEUregulationsona
unitarypatentforEurope.
• Findoutmore:http://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/intellectual-
property/patents/unitary-patent/index_en.htm
WhyaUnifiedPatentCourt?
• Currently,national courtsandauthoritiesofthecontractingstatesof
theEuropeanPatentConventionarecompetenttodecideonthe
infringementandvalidityofEuropeanpatents.
• Inpractice,thisgivesrisetoanumberofdifficulties:highcosts,riskof
divergingdecisionsandlackoflegalcertainty.
• Forumshopping isalsoinevitable.
AgreementonUnifiedPatent
• TheAgreementontheUnifiedPatentCourtaddressestheseproblemsby
creatingaspecialisedpatentcourt("UnifiedPatentCourt",orUPC)with
exclusivejurisdictionforlitigationrelatingtoEuropeanpatentsandEuropean
patentswithunitaryeffect(unitarypatents).
• TheUPCwillcompriseaCourtofFirstInstance,aCourtofAppealanda
Registry.TheCourtofFirstInstancewillbecomposedofacentraldivision(with
seatinParisand twosectionsinLondonandMunich)andbyseverallocaland
regionaldivisionsintheContractingMemberStatestotheAgreement.The
CourtofAppealwillbelocatedinLuxembourg.
• TheAgreementwassignedby25EUMemberStateson19February2013.It
willneedtoberatifiedbyatleast13states,includingFrance,Germanyandthe
UnitedKingdomtoenterintoforce(seestatusofratification).
Copyright
• Informsothersthatyou(astheauthor)intendtocontrolthe
production,distribution,displayorperformanceofyourwork.
• Copyrightisgrantedautomatically,withnoneedforformalregistration.
• Youcanstartusingthecopyrightsymbolimmediately.
ProtectionagainstCounterfeiting
• Counterfeiting☛ unauthorised imitationofabrandedgood
• Piracy☛ unauthorisedcopyingofanitemcoveredbyan
intellectualpropertyright
• DependingonthelawintheEUcountryinquestionandthe
sourceofcounterfeitgoods,theauthoritiestoturntoare:
• customs,marketsurveillance(tradingstandards),thepolice
orthepatentandtrademarkoffices
Thankyouforyourattention
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