View
226
Download
1
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
AP BIOLOGY SRING SEMESTER EXAM
___1. When the sun rises and a leaf begins the process of photosynthesis, which sequence of
events results in the appearance of the stomata and guard cells as in X?
a. 2,1,6, 7 b. 6,8,3,2 c. 1,6,4,5 d. 5,7,1,4 e. 3,7,5,2
___2. The ions, whose movement into and out of the guard cells cause the stomata to appear
as in X or Y are
a.
Na+ ions b. OH- ions c. Ca++ ions d. I- ions e. K+ ions
___3. Which of the long day plants would flower under the conditions described above?
a. 1 and 3 b. 2 and 4 c. 3 and 5 d. 2 and 3 e. 1 and 5
___4. Which of the 5 plants is the control in this experiment?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5
___5. All of the following are growth-stimulating substances in plants except
a. indoleacetic acid b. abscisic acid c. gibberelin d. cytokinin e. none
___6. Which of the following is an effect typical of animal hormones but not plant hormones
a. they primarily control growth and development of cells
b. their effects depend on the site of action and stage of growth in the organism
c. their hormone signals can be amplified by membrane proteins
d. their effect depends on the hormone balance relative to the concentration of
other hormones present
e. they may respond to environmental cues by adjusting behavior
___7. Transfusion #2 results in agglutination because the
a. recipient has Anti-A antibodies d. donor has A and B antigens
b. donor has Anti-B antibodies e. donor can receive AB blood
c. recipient has Anti-B antibodies
___8. The reason Transfusions #9, 10, and 11 cause no reaction is that AB blood
a. contains A antigens b. contains B antigens c. donors are considered
universal donors
d. cannot be transfused into A, B, or O blood e. does not contain Anti-A and Anti-B
antibodies
___9. The animals in one particular phylum have two tissue layers, a gastrovascular cavity,
and radial symmetry. Which of the following is an additional characteristic of the animals of
this phyla?
a. simple nervous system c. a two chambered heart e. an open
circulatory system
b. anterior cephalization d. a complete digestive system
___10. Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?
a. control of activity of phosphofructokinase in glycolysis by excess ATP
b. control of thyroxin over the production of TSH by the pituitary gland
c. control of blood sugar levels by insulin and glucagon
d. control of calcium levels by calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
e. control of uterine contractions by the pressure of the fetus's head
___11. In the diagram: Extracellular digestion is occurring in organism(s)
a. I b. II c. III d. a and c e. b and c
___12. In the diagram, a gastrovascular cavity is found in organism(s)
a. I b. II c. III d. a and c e. b and c
___13. Which of the following is correct about the fetal-maternal dissociation curve for
hemoglobin illustrated on the previous page?
a. the pH of maternal blood is higher than fetal blood
b. maternal blood contains more red blood cells than fetal blood
c. fetal blood is saturated at a higher oxygen partial pressure than maternal blood
d. the partial pressure of oxygen is lower in maternal blood at 60% saturation
e. fetal hemoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen at lower partial pressure
___14. Steroid hormones take longer than other hormones to produce their effect. This is
because
a. their target cells must formulate new proteins before an effect can take place
b. second messengers act slowly
c. they are large molecules and move slowly through the blood
d. because they are large polar molecules, they do not enter cells easily
e. they are synthesized in very small quantities by their glands
___15. Information carried by your optic nerve is perceived as "sight" whereas information
carried by your auditory nerve is perceived as "sound". Which of the following best explains
this?
a. the information is carried to different areas of your brain
b. the structure of neurons in the optic nerve differs from those in the auditory
nerve
c. light energy and sound waves are different from each other
d. different ions enter and leave the axons of the two different nerves
e. action potentials that carry visual information are of a different amplitude and
frequency than those carrying sound information
___16. Which of the following can contribute to density-dependent regulation of
populations?
a. the accumulation of toxic wastes d. all of the above are true
b. intraspecific competition for nutrients e. none of the above
c. predation
___17. A goiter is associated with improper functioning of which gland
a. parathyroid b. adrenal c. thyroid d. pancreas e. ovaries and testes
___18. Which of the following characterizes relatively K-selected populations
a. offspring with good chances of survival d. a high intrinsic rate of increase
b. many offspring per reproductive episode e. early parental reproduction
c. small offspring
___19. An example of Mullerian mimicry is
a. an insect that resembles a twig
b. two poisonous frogs that resemble one another in coloration
c. a butterfly that resembles a leaf
d. a beetle that resembles a scorpion
e. a moth with spots that look like large eyes
___20. One function of the corpus luteum
a. convert into a hormone-producing follicle after ovulation d. produce prolactin in
the alveoli
b. nourish and protect the egg cell e. stimulate ovulation
c. produce progesterone and estrogen
___21. An example of cryptic coloration is the
a. stripes of a skunk
b. green color of a plant
c. markings of a viceroy butterfly
d. colors of an insect pollinated flower
e. mottled coloring of peppered moths living in the unpolluted regions of
England
___22. An oat seedling above is exposed to light. The tip is removed, rotated 180, and then
replaced. The seedling is placed in complete darkness. Which of the below experiments best
describes the condition of the coleopile tip at the end of the experiment?
___23. Organisms in a food web responsible for recycling the nutrients of dead plants and
animals are the
a. producers b. primary consumers c. secondary consumer d. decomposers e.
tertiary consumers
___24. Meiosis occurs within all of the following flower parts except the
a. ovule b. style c. megasporangium d. anther e. ovary
___25. The clonal selection theory implies that
a. related people have similar immune response d. memory cells are
present at birth
b. antigen activate specific lymphocytes e. only certain cells
produce interferon
c. the body selects which antigens it will respond to
___26. Which of the following causes the Earth’s seasons
a. global air circulation d. changes in the Earth’s distance from the sun
b. global wind patterns e. the tilt of the Earth’s axis
c. ocean currents
___27. Carrying capacity (K)
a. is calculated as the product of annual per capita birth rate (r)
b. remains constant in the presence of density dependent population regulation e.
none
c. differs among species, but does not vary within a given species
d. is often determined by energy limitation
___28. In a tide pool, 15 species of invertebrates were reduced to 8 after one species was
removed. The species removed was likely a/an
a. community facilitator c. herbivore e. mutualistic organisms
b. keystone predator d. resource partitioner
___29. Which of the following cells produce testosterone
a. sperm cells b. hypothalamus c. interstitial cells d. anterior pituitary e. seminiferous
tubules
___30. In the diagram, skeletal muscle is illustrated by type(s)
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 1 and 2 e. 1 and 3
___31. In the diagram, cardiac muscle is illustrated by type(s)
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 1 and 3 e. 2 and 3
___32. Which of the following is descriptive of protostomes
a. spiral and indeterminate cleavage, coelom forms as split in solid mass of
mesoderm
b. spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth, schizocoelous
development
c. spiral and determinate cleavage, enterocoelous development
d. radial and determinate cleavage, enterocoelous development, blastopore
becomes anus
e. radial and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth, schizocoelous
development
___33. All of the following are characteristics of arthropods except
a. an exoskeleoton c. jointed appendages e. dorsal nerve cord
b. numerous species d. a diversity of gas exchange structures
___34.Corals are most closely related to
a. jellyfish b. hydras c. sea anemones d. sponges e. comb jellies
___35. In which class did jaws first occur?
a. Agnatha b. Chondrichthyes c. Osteichthyes d. Ostracodermi e.
Placodermi
___36. Which of the following is not a vertebrate
a. duck billed platypus b. penguin c. salamander d. toad e. starfish
___37. The class Osteichthyes is characterized by
a. a bony endoskeleton, operculum, and swim bladder d. an amniotic egg
b. a cartilaginous endoskeleton e. a maternal pouch called a
marsupium
c. teeth that are replaced regularly
___38. Which of the following is a correct statement about sugar movement in phloem
a. diffusion can account for the observed rates of transport
b. movement can occur both upward and downward in the plant
c. sugar is translocated from sinks to sources
d. only phloem cells with nuclei can perform sugar movement
e. sugar transport does not require energy
___39. Which of the following is a correct statement about the cells of the human retina?
a. cone cells can detect color and rod cells cannot
b. cone cells are more sensitive to light than rod cells are
c. cone cells, but not rod cells, have a visual pigment
d. rod cells are most highly concentrated in the center of the retina
e. rod cells require higher illumination for stimulation than do cone cells
___40. All of the following statements about learning and behavior are correct except
a. insight learning involves the ability to reason
b. associative learning involves linking one stimulus with another
c. operant conditioning is a type of innate behavior that involves drive
d. behavior can be modified by learning, but some apparent learning is due to
maturation
e. imprinting is a learned behavior with an innate component acquired during a
critical period
___41. The most common kind of dispersion in nature
a. clumped b. random c. uniform d. indeterminate e. dispersive
___42. The relationship between existing between cattle egrets and cattle
a. parasitism b. mutualism c. inhibition d. facilitation e. commensalism
___43. Which of these ecosystems accounts for the largest amount of Earth’s primary
productivity
a. tundra b. savanna c. salt marsh d. open ocean e. tropical rain forest
___44. The second meiotic division occurs during stage
a. 1 b. 1-2 c. 2-3 d. 3-4 e. 5-6
___45. The reproductive processes illustrated above are
a. spermatogenesis and fertilization d. mitosis and cytokinesis
b. oogenesis and fertilization e. fertilization and gastrulation
c. fertilization and cleavage
___46. According to the hypothesis of island biogeography, species richness would be
greatest on an island that is
a. small and remote c. large and close to a mainland e. environmentally homogeneous
b. large and remote d. small and close to a mainland
___47. When you first walk from a brightly lit area into darkness, which of the following
occurs?
a. the photopsins in your cones become bleached
b. your rod cells become hyperpolarized
c. the receptor cells release less neurotransmitter
d. lateral inhibition caused by your horizontal cells ceases
e. your rhodopsin is still dissociated into retinal and opsin and your rods are
temporarily nonfunctional
___48. The archenteron develops into the
a. mouth in protostomes c. placenta e. endoderm
b. blastocoel d. lumen of digestive tract
___49. Which of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its action?
a. oxytocin-stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth
b. thryoxine- stimulates metabolic processes
c. insulin- stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver
d. ACTH- stimulates the release of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex
e. Melatonin- affects biological rhythms, seasonal reproduction
___50. Which of the following tropic hormones is incorrectly paired with its effect?
a. FSH-stimulates production of eggs and sperm
b. TSH-stimulates the thyroid gland
c. Epinephrine-decreases blood glucose levels
d. Glucagon-raises blood glucose levels
e. Mineralocorticoids-promotes excretion of K+ and reabsorbtion of Na+ from
the kidneys
___51. The key difference between an ectotherm and an endotherm is that
a. ectotherms generate energy mainly from fermentation; endotherms mainly
from cell respiration
b. ectotherms are mostly aquatic animals; endotherms are mostly terrestrial
c. ectotherms warm their bodies by absorbing environmental heat; endotherms
mainly use metabolic heat to warm their bodies
d. ectotherms are "cold-blooded" animals with a body temperature that cannot
reach the high body temperatures of endotherms
e. ectotherms are all invertebrates; endotherms are all vertebrates
___52. Which of the following results in long-term immunity?
a. the passage of maternal antibodies to her developing fetus
b. the inflammatory response to a splinter
c. the administration of serum obtained from people immune to rabies
d. the administration of the chickenpox vaccine
e. the passage of maternal antibodies to her nursing infant
___53. In negative pressure breathing, inhalation results from
a. forcing air from the throat down into the lungs d. contracting the diaphragm
b. using muscles of the lungs to expand the alveoli e. contracting the abdominal muscles
c. relaxing the muscles of the rib cage
___54. Simple cuboidal epithelium usually functions in
a. secretion of substances by glands d. covering body surfaces
b. lining internal surfaces subject to abrasion e. attaching muscles to bone
c. packing and padding body parts
___55. Buds and sprouts often form on tree stumps. Which of the following hormones would
you expect to stimulate their formation?
a. auxin b. cytokinins c. abscisic acid d. ethylene e. gibberellins
___56. Stomata open when guard cells
a. sense an increase in CO2 in the air spaces of the leaf
b. flop open because of a decrease in turgor pressure
c. become more turgid because of an influx K+, followed by the osmotic entry of
water
d. close aquaporins, preventing uptake of water
e. accumulate water by active transport
___57. Acts like a fixed lens
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5
___58. Area of the retina rich in cone cells for color vision
a. 6 b. 7 c. 8 d. 9 e. 10
___59. Wood consists of
a. bark b. periderm c. secondary xylem d. secondary phloem e. cork
___60. Only an animal species with a diaphragm can be expected to have
a. hair b. feathers c. scales d. lungs e. moist
skin
___61. Which of the following is not true of the chelicerates
a. they have antenna
b. their body is divided into a cephalothorax and an abdomen
c. the horseshoe crab is one surviving marine member
d. they include ticks, scorpions, and spiders
e. their anterior appendages are modified as pincers or fangs
___62. Organisms having body type 2 would be known as
a. acoelomates b. coelomates c. pseudocoelomates d. schizocoelomates e.
entercoelomate
___63. An organism described as a deuterostome would have body type
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 2 and 3 e. 1 and 3
___64. Which of the following principles does the diagram on the previous page illustrate?
a. greenhouse effect c. eutrophication e. commensalism
b. soil conservation d. succession
___65. The climax vegetation is the
a. pinewoods b. oakwoods c. foredunes d. beech-maples e. cottonwoods
___66. In the above terrestrial food web, the available free energy is the greatest in which of
the following species?
a. A b. C c. B, C, and D d. E and F e. G
___67. If, in county I, infant mortality declined and the birth rate remained the same, then
initially the population would be expected to
a. be more evenly distributed among the age classes d. increase in the oldest
age classes
b. be even more concentrated in the young age classes e. increase in the median
age classes
c. c. stabilize at the illustrated level for all age classes
___68. In Country I, approximately what percentage of the individuals were younger than
fifteen years of age?
a. 10% b. 21% c. 42% d. 52% e. cannot
be estimated from the graph
___69. The relationship of a fungus and an alga in a lichen
a. symbiosis c. energy pyramid e. net primary productivity
b. law of tolerance d. ecological succession
___70. Accounts for water being held to the walls of xylem vessels
a. root pressure b. transpiration c. translocation d. adhesion e. guttation
___71. The embryo of which of the following species does not have an amnion?
a. bird b. turtle c. lizard d. fish e. human
___72. The banding pattern of viceroy butterflies is an example of
a. mimicry b. homology c. polymorphism d. mutualism e. commensalism
___73. Cells migrate over the dorsal lip of the blastopore
a. cleavage b. organogenesis c. gastrulation d. neurulation e. fertilization
___74. This process establishes the germ layers
a. cleavage b. organogenesis c. gastrulation d. neurulation e.
fertilization
___75. The answer is E
Answer each essay on your own sheet of paper.
76. To survive, organisms must be capable of avoiding, and/or defending against, various
types of environmental threats. Respond to EACH of the following: describe how
adaptive coloration, mimicry OR behavior function as animal defenses against
predation. Include TWO examples in your answer, and compare the human immune
response with the secondary immune response to the same antigen
76. Survival depends on the ability of an organism to respond to changes in the
environment. Some plants flower in response to changes in day length. Some
mammals may run or fight when frightened. For BOTH examples, describe the
physiological mechanisms involved in the response
77. Biological recognition is important in many processes at the molecular, cellular,
tissue, and organismal levels. Select TWO of the following and for EACH you
choose, explain how the process of recognition occurs and give an example.
a. organisms recognize others as members of their own species
b. antigens trigger antibody responses
c. target cells respond to specific hormones
ANSWERS
1. D
2. E
3. E
4. D
5. B
6. E
7. C
8. E
9. A
10. E
11. E
12. B
13. E
14. A
15. A
16. D
17. C
18. A
19. E
20. C
21. E
22. D
23. D
24. B
25. B
26. E
27. D
28. B
29. C
30. C
31. B
32. B
Recommended