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8/11/2019 Aplikasi Prinsip Gc Pada Kad
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SUSTAINABILITY IN (Analytical)
CHEMISTRYGreen Chemical Analysis
Green of Analytical Chemistry
Application of the principles of green chemistryin analytical chemistry
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12 Principles of green chemistry
1. Pollution Prevention
2. Atom Economy
3. Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis
4. Designing Safer Chemicals
5. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries 6. Design for Energy Efficiency
7. Use of Renewable Feed stocks
8. Reduce Derivatives
9. Catalysis
10. Design for Degradation
11. Real-time analysis for Pollution Prevention
12. Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention
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Analytical Chemistry
The main role of analytical chemistry is to be a controlling tool orset of tools in chemistry.
As a tool, the analytical procedures give information about chemicalsubstances, their occurrence in organisms, and the environment.
It has supported the development of chemical engineering and
technology for production of chemicals. The product life-cycle analysis is impossible without the chemical
analysis of components and degradation products.
The development of the standards and specifications to be used inindustry and agriculture is strongly based on the evidence obtained
by analytical chemistry and controlled by chemical methods. Analytical chemistry is the only way to justify the environmental
friendliness of new methods, processes, and products.
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Green Chemical Analysis
The relationship between green chemistry and analyticalchemistry can be treated in two ways : Analytical chemistry is a subject to control and justify green
chemistry.
Kimia analitik berperan menjustify apakah produk kimia atauteknologi kimia hijau atau tidak
Analytical chemistry becomes an object of application of the principlesof green chemistry, and can be the target of a green chemistryapproach similarly to other areas of chemistry and chemicaltechnology.
On the other hand, chemical analysis methods need solvents,reagents, and energy, and they generate wastememenuhiprinsip green chemistry ?
Dalam aktivitas analisis kimia juga harus diterapkan prinsip-prinsipgreen chemistry
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Green Chemical Analysis
The principles of green chemistry, suggested by Anastas and
Warner [6], are directly related to analytical chemistry as well,
the most important of them being
prevention of waste generation (1)
safer solvents and auxiliaries (5)
design for energy efficiency (6) ; and
safer chemistry to minimize the potential of chemical
accidents (12).
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Green chemical analysis
What is green analytical chemistry?
The goal of green analytical chemistry is to use analyticalprocedures that generate less hazardous waste and thatare safer to use and more benign to the environment.
The main analytical result is related to an increase ofanalysis reliability, higher precision, and time saving, whichvery positively combineswith a substantial reduction ofwaste.
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Tahapan dalam Analisis Kimia
The general scheme of an analytical system.
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PREPARASI SAMPEL
Identifikasi ketidakgreenan
Greening(menghijaukan) prosedur analisis
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Identifikasi ketidakgreenan prosedur dalam
analisis kimia
Sample preparation and separation :
Bahan kimiaBahan kimia
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Preparation : wet destruction
Sample : Inorganic Solidfor metal determination
Sampel padatAsam anorganik
kuat-pekat (HNO3)
Larutan
Larutan siap analisis
Suhu tinggi
Pelarut
Prinsip 1 Prinsip 5 Prinsip 6 Prinsip 12
Prevention
of waste
generation
Safer
Solvents
and
Auxiliaries
Design for
Energy
Efficiency.
Safer
Chemistry
to minimize
accident
potential
x v x x
Gas NO2toksik
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Dry destruction
Sample organic solidfor metal determination
Prinsip 1 Prinsip 5 Prinsip 6 Prinsip 12
Prevention
of waste
generation
Safer
Solvents
and
Auxiliaries
Design for
Energy
Efficiency.
Safer
Chemistry
to minimize
accident
potential
X X X
Sampel padat
Ashing aid(MgO)
Pembakaran
T = 500-600oC
HCl
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Greening
Pengunaan microwave digester
Gelombang mikro
Tanpa asam/volume asam kecil
Microwave Digestion increases
reaction rates while decreases
digestion times for sample
preparation through the use of
sealed, high-pressure, high-
temperature vessels
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Additional energy saving is possible when a microwave
treatment or even just microwave heating is incorporated into
the process.
An ultrasonic irradiation may also have a strong effect on
several sample treatments.
The development of photochemical methods is a highly green
way in analytical chemistry as well.
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PENGUKURAN/ANALISIS
Metode yang digunakan :
Volumetri
Gravimetri
Spektrofotometri
Elektrometri
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Identifikasi ketidakgreenan
RingkasanMetode analisis Deskripsi Greenless identified Prinsip Green
Chemistry yang
dilanggar
Volumetri Didasarkan pada
reaksi-reaksi kimia
Digunakan zat-zat
kimia sebagai pereaksi
Pencegahan
terbentuknya limbah
Tidak sensitif Penggunaan volumezat kimia yang besar
Dihasilkan limbah
Gravimetri Didasarkan pada
pembentukan endapan
yang dikeringkan
melalui pemijaran
pada suhu 600oC
Diperlukan pereaksi
kimiadihasilkan
limbah
Pencegahan
terbentuknya limbah
Perlu energy listrik
yang besar
Aktivitas yang hemat
energiSpektrofotometri Sampel harus dalam
bentuk larutan
Diperlukan proses
preparasi dengan
asam-asam dengan
volum yang besar
Pencegahan
terbentuknya limbah
Diperlukan pereaksi
dan pelarut organic
ekstraksi
Digunakan pereaksi-
pereaksi kimia dan
pelarut organik
Kimia yang aman
Dihasilkan limbah
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Greening
modifying an old method to incorporate procedures that
either use less hazardous chemicals or use lesser amounts
of hazardous chemicals. developing new analytical methodologies
Use of direct techniques of analysis,
i.e. different laser-spectroscopic methods
or solventless processes of analysis instrumental methods in analysis is a decrease in sample
volume needed for analysis.
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Greening Signal Acquisiton
1. Spectroscopy
2. Electrochemistry 3. Bioanalytical chemistry
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Contoh developing an old method to incorporate procedures
that either use less hazardous chemicals or use lesser
amounts of hazardous chemicals.
Identifikasi kation : penggunaan berbagai pereaksi kimia)diganti
dengan metode AAS Analisis COD : digunakan K2Cr2O7merupakan oksidator, sebagai
larutan standar sebagai sumber oksigenCr(VI) bersifat toksik
diganti dengan oksidator lain yang tidak toksik, misal KMnO4
Penentuan konsentrasi ion logam dan semi logam (S, V) dengan AAS
dan spektrofotometri Visibelmemerlukan preparasi dan pereaksikimiadiganti dengan metode XRF atau AAN
Gravimetridiganti dengan Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA)
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