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Appendix AInformation Systems Hardware
Information Systems TodayInformation Systems TodayLeonard Jessup and Joseph ValacichLeonard Jessup and Joseph Valacich
Appendix A Objectives
Understand key elements of information Understand key elements of information systems hardwaresystems hardware
Understand types of computers used in Understand types of computers used in organizations todayorganizations today
Key Elements of IS Hardware
Input DevicesInput Devices Processing DevicesProcessing Devices Output DevicesOutput Devices
Input Devices Entering text and numbersEntering text and numbers Pointing and selecting informationPointing and selecting information Entering batch dataEntering batch data Entering audio and videoEntering audio and video
Input Devices
Entering text and numbersEntering text and numbers KeyboardKeyboard
RegularRegularCordless (radio frequency waves)Cordless (radio frequency waves)
ErgonomicsErgonomicsRepetitive stress injuriesRepetitive stress injuries
Input Devices
Pointing and Selecting InformationPointing and Selecting Information ExamplesExamples
Touch screenTouch screenLight penLight penMouseMouseTouchpadTouchpad
Input Devices
Entering Batch DataEntering Batch Data Batch inputBatch input ScannersScanners Text recognition softwareText recognition software
Input Devices
Types of ScanningTypes of Scanning Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) Optical Character Recognition (OCR)Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Bar Code ReadersBar Code Readers Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
Input Devices
Smart CardsSmart Cards A credit card with:A credit card with:
magnetic stripmagnetic stripmicroprocessor chipmicroprocessor chipmemory circuitsmemory circuits
Input Devices Entering Audio and VideoEntering Audio and Video
Video recordingVideo recording Voice inputVoice input
Speech recognition Speech recognition MIDIMIDI
Musical Instrument Digital InterfaceMusical Instrument Digital Interface Video inputVideo input
Digital camerasDigital camerasStreaming videoStreaming videoStreaming mediaStreaming media
Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Binary codeBinary code
Machine languageMachine language Bit – binary digitBit – binary digit Byte – 8 bits or one typed characterByte – 8 bits or one typed character
Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Elements of computer storageElements of computer storage
MeasurementMeasurement Approximate number Approximate number of charactersof characters
ByteByte 11
KilobyteKilobyte 1 thousand1 thousand
MegabyteMegabyte 1 million1 million
GigabyteGigabyte 1 billion1 billion
TerabyteTerabyte 1 trillion1 trillion
Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs
Binary codesBinary codes ASCIIASCII
American Standard Code for Information InterchangeAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange EBCDICEBCDIC
Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange CodeExtended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code UnicodeUnicode
Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs
System UnitSystem Unit MotherboardMotherboard Central Processing Unit (CPU)Central Processing Unit (CPU) RAM and ROMRAM and ROM Drives: hard, diskette, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM Drives: hard, diskette, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM PortsPorts
Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs
MotherboardMotherboard Contains components that do the processingContains components that do the processing Power supplyPower supply
Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Central Processing Unit (CPU)Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Performs mathematicsPerforms mathematics
Control UnitControl Unit Fetch instructionsFetch instructions Decode instructionsDecode instructions Retrieve dataRetrieve data Store resultsStore results
Moore’s LawMoore’s Law
Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs
Primary Storage (volatile)Primary Storage (volatile) Random-Access Memory (RAM)Random-Access Memory (RAM) Read-Only Memory (ROM)Read-Only Memory (ROM) Secondary Storage (nonvolatile)Secondary Storage (nonvolatile)
Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs
Secondary Storage (nonvolatile)Secondary Storage (nonvolatile) Hard drivesHard drives Diskette drivesDiskette drives Zip drivesZip drives Optical disksOptical disks CD-ROMCD-ROM DVD-ROMDVD-ROM TapesTapes
Output Devices
OutputOutput Video Output (CRT and LCD)Video Output (CRT and LCD) Printers and PlottersPrinters and Plotters Audio OutputAudio Output
Types of Computers
SupercomputersSupercomputers MainframesMainframes Midrange computersMidrange computers WorkstationsWorkstations Microcomputers (personal computers)Microcomputers (personal computers)
Network computersNetwork computers Portable computersPortable computers
Notebook computersNotebook computers Handheld computersHandheld computers
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