Applied bacterial metabolism and geneticsguralnl/gural/318Applied bacterial... · Applied bacterial...

Applied bacterial metabolism and genetics

• Food microbiology• Industrial• Environmental• Biological Warfare &

Bioterrorism

Human Insulin from E. Coli

Food Microbiology

• Fermented foods• Starter cultures

Examples

Industrial

• Batch production = organisms ferment their substrate until exhausted and then end product is harvested.

• Continuous flow production = Vat is constantly fed nutrients and product and wastes are removed

Industrial

Water and waste water treatment

• Drinking water• Wastewater treatment

Methane from a landfill

Potable Drinking water

• Sedimentation• Filtration• Disinfection

Water quality testing

Filtration then EMB agar

Treatment of Wastewater

• Primary treatment• Secondary Treatment• Biological oxygen

demand• Tertiary treatment =

removal on nutrients

Methods

Artificial wetlands

Bioremediation

• Acid mines• Oil eating bacteria

Microbial ecology

• Importance in Ecosystems

• Primary producers• Biogeochemical

cycles• Nitrogen fixation• Decomposers

Biological warfare & Bioterroism

• Criteria1. Public health impact2. Delivery potential3. Public perception4. Preparedness

Biotechnology

• Genomes• Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic agents• Agricultural applications• Ethics

Overview

Genomes and mapping

Candida albicans: fungal infections 2000 more genes than yeast, switch from yeast to filamentous state

Disease diagnosis

Products of DNA technology

Agricultural applications

• Herbicide resistance• Salt tolerance• Pest resitance• Freezing tolerance• Nutritional value• Vaccines

Gene Therapy

Bioethics

• Cost and benefits to society• Engineering animals for human uses• Genes can move to non-target species• Routine genetic screening