Applied Biostatistics

Applied Applied BiostatistiBiostatistics cs

TITLE:ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WORKING MEMORY AND

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE, NUTRITION AND

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH STUDENTS YEAR 2 - 3 SESSION 2010/2011

PROPOSAL PRESENTATION

GRO

UP

5 M

EMBE

RSG

ROU

P 5

MEM

BERS

AIMI SYAMIMA BT. ABDUL MANAP A123309CHIANG HUI HUI A123070CHOW SI YEE A123170MUHAMMAD NURHAKIM B. MISWAN A123533MUNIRAH BT. AHMAD MUNAWAR A123575NOR IZHAN BIN YANG GHAZALI A123653RAMANAESH RAO A/L RAMAKRISHNA A123419WINNIE HII LIN LIN A122995WONG CHOON XIAN A123234YAP HUI CIN A123456YONG MEI CHIT A122572

SUPERVISOR: CIK NURUL FARHANA

IntroductioIntroductionn

~a non-unitary model of short-term memory that constitutes:

Central Executive

Phonological loop(speech-based information) Visuo-spatial sketch pad

(visual and spatial information)

(Michael Grimley and Gloria Banner et al. 2007).

1. VERBAL WORKING MEMORY use sound to test the memory of one

individual.

calculated as the set size where the

participant could recall the last words in

three out of the five sets.

(Geiger John F. et al , 2005)

2. VISUAL WORKING MEMORY concerned with the way in which information is

whether represented by images. (Grimley M. et al. 2007)

Visual appearance, including dynamic aspects

is represented as features and object files

(bound features). (Hubert D. Zimmer, 2008)

FactoFactorr

1. GENDER

- female is better at recall for objects. (Beck, L. et al 2007)

2. AGE

- older person have a decreased in memory. (Pilar

Andres et al. 2004)

3. SLEEP HOURS

-Working memory scanning speed improved over a 9

day period in participants who were given an 8 hour

sleep period per night. (Melynda D. Casement et al., 2005)

FactoFactorr4. MEMORIZING TECHNIQUES

- good memorizers often use mnemonics techniques

to organize, remember and recall large amounts of

visual and verbal memories. (Mijail Demian Serruya et al.,

2008)

5. SUPPLEMENT INTAKE

-nutrient and supplement antioxidants were selected for

their efficacy in the cognitive. (Carol M. Baldwin et al., 2005)

6. ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE (CGPA)

- high working memory, high CGPA.

(Michael Grimley et al. 2007)

YES!

RESEARCH RESEARCH JUSTIFICATIONJUSTIFICATION

•To acknowledge the importance of working memory in order

to obtain better academic performance.

•Studies indicate that the complex processing required in

Mathematic and Science constrains the educational

attainment with low working memory. (Michael Grimley,

2007)

•Thus, our research can reveal the power of working memory

will assist Health Science students to excel in their academy.

RESEARCH RESEARCH QUESTIONQUESTION

Is there any association between working memory and

academic performance in UKM second year and third year

Biomedical Science, Nutrition and Environmental Health

students?

HYPOTHESIHYPOTHESISS

There is an association between working memory and

academic performance (CGPA) among UKM Biomedical

Science, Nutrition and Environmental Health students.

GENERAL GENERAL OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

SPECIFIC SPECIFIC OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

1) To determine the percentage working memory of

between years, course and gender.

2) To compare the average of working memory

between years, course and gender.

3) To compare the average of working memory

between supplement intake.

4) To compare the average of working memory

between memorizing techniques.

SPECIFIC SPECIFIC OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

5) To compare the average of working memory

between study styles.

6) To determine the association between working

memory and sleep hours.

7) To determine the association between CGPA

and working memory.

Conceptual Conceptual FrameworkFramework

Academic Performance

(CGPA)

Working Memory

Gender (Male/Female)

Supplement Intake

Memorizing Techniques

Sleeping hour

Year/Course(2nd/3rd)

Course(Biomed/

Nutrition/EVH)

Study Style

Research Design

Our research involves cross sectional study. Questionnaire will be used for survey research.

METHODOLOGY

Target Population

Undergraduate students from National University of Malaysia Campus Kuala Lumpur.

Undergraduate students from Faculty of Health Sciences National University of Malaysia Campus Kuala Lumpur.

Sampling Method

Stratified random sampling method will be used to select the sample population.

METHODOLOGY

Sample Frame

Second and third year students from Biomedical Science, Nutrition and Environmental HealthTotal amount of students: 310 persons

Sample UnitIndividual (s)

METHODOLOGY

Exclusion Criteria

• Biomedical Science students from Biostatistic Group 5.• Students age less than 20 or more than 23 years old.• First and fourth year students in Biomedical Science, Nutrition and Environmental Health.

METHODOLOGYInclusion Criteria• Students in Biomedical Science, Nutrition and Environmental Health. •Students age 20 – 23 years old. •Second and third year students in Biomedical Science, Nutrition and Environmental Health.

METHODOLOGY

Sample SizeStratified Sampling

n =

D= (estimating μ)4

2B

22

22

ii

i

ii

NDNwN

METHODOLOGY

Sampling SizeSystemic Sampling for each strata

n =

D =

2

2

)1(

DNN

4

2B

QuestionnaireThere are 3 parts in the questionnaire:

Part A : Demographic factors

Part B :Visual Working memory test and

Arithmetic test

Part C :Opinions

MATERIAL

Objective Dependent variables

Independent variables Test(s)

To determine the percentage of

working memory between years,

course and gender.

Working Memory score

(Numerical)

Years*Second*Third

(Nominal)

Descriptive test

Course*Biomedical

Science*Nutrition

*Environmental Health

(Nominal)

Gender*Female*Male

(Nominal)

Statistical Statistical analysisanalysis

Objective Dependent variables

Independent variables Test(s)

To compare the average of working memory between years, course and

gender.

Working Memory score

(Numerical)

Years*Second*Third

(Nominal)

Independent t test Or

Mann Whitney Test

Course*Biomedical

Science*Nutrition

*Environmental Health

(Nominal)

ANOVA Or

Kruskal Wallis Test

Gender*Female*Male

(Nominal)

independent t testOr

Mann Whitney Test

Statistical Statistical analysisanalysis

Objective Dependent variables

Independent variables Test(s)

To compare the average of working memory between

supplement intake, memorizing

technique and study style.

Working Memory score

(Numerical)

Supplement intake

(Numerical)

Independent t test Or

Mann Whitney Test

Memorizing technique

(Numerical)

ANOVA Or

Kruskal Wallis Test

Study style(Numerical)

ANOVA Or

Kruskal Wallis Test

Statistical Statistical analysisanalysis

Statistical Statistical analysisanalysis

Objective Dependent variables

Independent variables Test(s)

To determine the association between working memory and

sleep hours.

Working Memory

score(Numerical)

Sleep hours(Numerical)

Pearson Correlation

Or Spearman Correlation

To determine the strength association between CGPA and

working memory

Working Memory

score(Numerical)

CGPA(Numerical)

Pearson Correlation

Or Spearman Correlation

Gannt chartGannt chart

QuestionnairQuestionnairee

Part 1 : Demographic factors

1. Gender2. Year3. Course4. CGPA

Part 2: Visual and Verbal Word Span Test

Section 1 :Visual test

Section 2 : Arithmetic test

QuestionnaiQuestionnairere

QuestionnaiQuestionnairere Part 3 : Opinions

Supplement takingMemorizing techniqueSleeping hoursStudy style

Example:

1) Do you take any supplement to improve your memory in study?

A. Yes, please state out:................... (eg. Vitamins, Scott’s oil)

B. No, please proceed to question 3.

QuestionnaiQuestionnairere

REFERENCEREFERENCE Grimley M., Banner G. 2007. Working memory, cognitive style,

and behavioural predictors of GCSE exam success. Educational Psychology 28(3): 341 – 351.

Andres P., Linden M.V., Parmentier F.B. 2004. Directed forgetting in working memory: Age-related differences. Memory 12(2): 248 – 256.

Casement M.D., Broussard J.L., Mullington J.M., Press D.Z. 2005. The contribution of sleep to improvements in working memory scanning speed: A study of prolonged sleep restriction. Biological Psychology 11: 1-5.

Serruya M.D., Kahana M. J., 2008. Techniques and devices to restore cognition. Behavioural Brain Research 4:149-165.

Baldwin C. M., Bootzin R.R. , Schwenke D.C., Quan S.F., Antioxidant nutrient intake and supplements as potential moderators of cognitive decline and cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Medicine Reviews 9:459–476.

Zimmer H. D., 2008. Visual and spatial working memory: From boxes to networks. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 32:1341-1395.

THANK THANK YOUYOU