Apuntes. Como los sustantivos, los adjetivos concuerdan (agree) con el ______________ y el...

Apuntes

Como los sustantivos, los adjetivos concuerdan (agree) con el ______________ y el ______________ del sustantivo que modifican.

géneronúmero

Adjectives whose masculine singular form ends in -____,

change the -____to -____ when used with a

feminine singular noun.

oo a

The book is red.

I have a red backpack.

I have a Mexican friend -masc.

Mary is Spanish.

El libro es rojo.

Tengo una mochila roja.

Tengo un amigo mejicano.

María es española.

Most other adjectives ending in -___ or a _______________ have identical masculine and

feminine forms.

e consonant

The building [the house] is large.

The exercise [the lesson] is easy.

El edificio… es grande. La casa…

El ejercicio… es fácil. La lección…

Adjectives ending in… -or change to: -ora

change to:

change to:

-án-

ana-ón

-ona

John is lazy. / Lisa is lazy.

José es holgazán. María es holgazana.

mayorolder/est

younger/est

better

worse

superior

menor

mejor

peor

superior

Adjectives must be in the _________ when used with

plural nouns. The plural forms of adjectives are formed the same

way as the plural forms of nouns.

plural

Adjectives whose singular form ends in a vowel add -___ to form the plural. Adjectives whose singular form ends in a consonant add -___ to form the plural.

s

es

The books are red.

The guys are Spaniards.

Los libros son rojos.

Los chicos son españoles.

An adjective that modifies several nouns (of different

genders) is used in the ___________________ form.masculine

plural

John and his sisters are tall.

Juan y sus hermanas son altos.

If an adjective expressing nationality has a written accent

on the last syllable of the masculine singular, the

accent mark is ___________ in all other forms.

dropped

Masculino Femeninoingles

ainglésinglese

singlesas

francésfrances

afranceses

francesas

Descriptive adjectives generally __________ they noun they

modify. follow

a red book

a large school

un libro rojo

una escuela grande

Adjectives that express number, quantity, or amount usually come

__________ the noun.before

some students

much money

algunos estudiantes

mucho dinero

each year

three girls

cada año

tres chicas/niñas

A few adjectives have shortened forms when they precede a

masculine singular noun:buenogood buen

bad

first

third

malo malprimer

oprime

rtercero

tercer

grandebig gran

some

none

algunos algúnningun

oningú

n

… when used ________ a masculine singular noun.

before

a good artist

a great problem

un artista bueno un buen artista

un problema grande un gran problema

Some adjectives change their depending on their position.

meaning

When the adjective follows the noun, the meaning is more literal.

When the adjective precedes the noun, the meaning is more figurative.

old, elderly:

old, of long standing, former:

noun + viejo(a)

viejo(a) + nounEjemplos:

an old friend (she is 85) an old friend (we have known each other for more than 50 years)

una amiga vieja una vieja amiga

big, large:

great, fabulous:

noun + grande

gran + noun

Ejemplos:

a large city (it’s population is 8,213,839 )

a great/fabulous city (it has many shows, museums, restaurants… a great place to visit)

una ciudad grandeuna gran ciudad

poor, not wealthy:

poor, unfortunate

noun + pobre pobre + noun

Ejemplos:

a poor man (he doesn’t have any money)

a poor/unfortunate man (he is lost, he can find his way)

un hombre pobreun pobre hombre

right:

certain:noun +

cierto(a)cierto(a) +

noun

Otros adjetivos…

unique:

only:

noun + único(a) único(a) + nounitself:

same:

noun + mismo(a)

mismo(a) + noun

brand new:

new, different:

noun + nuevo(a)

nuevo(a) + noun

Apuntes