APUSH 9.16.13 Mid terms will be posted today- 3:00 p.m. Unit 3- The Gilded Age and Urban America –...

APUSH 9.16.13

• Mid terms will be posted today- 3:00 p.m.

• Unit 3- The Gilded Age and Urban America– Monday Power point Notes Outline with targets

– Assignment #1 Brinkley Questions and Chart Questions due Friday

• Card sort “The Tycoons of Industry”• AP Reading- “The Robber Barons” and Questions due next week

• America- The story of US #3 this week-- Cities

• Next Week at a glance- Immigration Simulation

U.S. History 9.16.13

• Mid terms will be posted today- 3:00 p.m.

• Unit 3- The Gilded Age and Urban America– Monday Power point Notes Outline with targets

– ASSIGNMENT

– Guided Readings Chapter 9 -Questions due Friday

• Card sort “The Tycoons of Industry”

• America- The story of US #3 this week– Cities

• Next Week at a glance- Immigration Simulation

Cs. 9 & 17Cs. 9 & 17

ACT Common Core Standards for U.S. History Targets: We will….

• Evaluate the impact of new inventions and technologies of the late nineteenth century

• Identify and evaluate the influences on business and industry in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

• Identify labor and workforce issues of the late nineteenth century, including perspectives of owners/managers and Social Darwinists

The Gilded Age:

• Mark Twain coined the phrase: Something that is gilded is covered with gold on the outside but made of cheaper material inside, sometimes corrupting and corroding.

• Beneath the surface of a great Industrial Boom and increase in the overall standard of living for Americans, there lay beneath the surface: corruption, poverty, crime and great disparities in wealth between the rich and the poor.

The Gilded Age

LEFT: The DOI is a Letter, a petition; 1776. It was where we were first called the United States;

RIGHT: The Constitution is a Contract: a framework of government: it is Laws 1787

Happy Birthday to the U.S. Constitution

• September 17, 1787

• How Old??

• 2013-1787= _______

• http://www.bluebullets.net/html/html/constitution_scavenger_hunt.html

• Or

• Google: blue bullets constitution scavenger

Essential QuestionEssential Question

Industrialization increased the standard

of living and the opportunities of most

Americans, but at what cost?

Industrialization increased the standard

of living and the opportunities of most

Americans, but at what cost?

The Gilded Age

John D. Rockefeller

The ‘Bosses’ of the Senate

7. Social and Economic Darwinism

The Principle of the “Survival of the Fittest”

Darwinism: Survival of the Fittest / Natural Selection was applied to economics

Standard Oil Trust

• Control of 90% of U.S. Refining Capacity

• Through “Horizontal Integration”

• Monopoly?

Obstacles in Industry

-Before this era, most women worked as SERVANTS

-Many women were underpaid and factories were not safe

-146 female workers died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire

-While safety concerns abounded, progress was still made

-The Bessemer Process of making steel made skyscrapers possible; elevators also made this possible

-Daniel Burnham designed Chicago with a lakefront park system

-Unions formed the Industrial Workers of the World to fight for the rights of factory labor; this is called COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

-The government started the Interstate Commerce Act to lower excessive railroad rates

-Yet, corruption abounded. For example, Credit Mobilier began to steal railroad money for share holders of stock

APUSH 9.18.13• 1. Pw-pnt. Notes– Page 2 Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business

• Thomas Edison, Andrew Carnegie and Henry Ford– Turn in Notes Packet today to top tray– 30 points Pages 1-3

• 2. Chapter 17 Assignment: Reading and Questions

• Tomorrow- America, The Story of US part 1– “The Cities”– During the 2nd part of class.

IV. ACT Common Core Standards for U.S. History Targets: We will….

• Evaluate the impact of new inventions and technologies of the late nineteenth century

• Identify and evaluate the influences on business and industry in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

U.S. History 9.18.13• 1. Pw-pnt. Notes– Page 2 Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business

• Thomas Edison, Andrew Carnegie and Henry Ford– Turn in Notes Packet today to top tray– 10 points

• 2. Chapter 9 Assignment: Guided Reading 9.1 Today– Packet Due Monday

• Thursday/Friday-– SIMULATED ACTIVITY– ASSEMBLY LINE AND DIVISION OF LABOR

• John D. Rockefeller

• America, The Story of US part 1– “The Cities”

IV. ACT Common Core Standards for U.S. History Targets: We will….

• Evaluate the impact of new inventions and technologies of the late nineteenth century :

– Bessemer Steel Process, Ediphone, Phonograph, AC/DC Current, Internal Combustible Engine, etc.

• Identify and evaluate the influences on business and industry in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries:

– Trusts, Monopolies, Corporations, Horizontal and Vertical Integration

– Labor Disputes, Social Darwinism, “Abusive Competition” and Capitalism

Thomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva Edison

“Wizard of Menlo Park” “Wizard of Menlo Park”

Thomas A. Edison

The Incandescent Light Bulb

The Phonograph (1877)The Phonograph (1877)

The Ediphone or Dictaphone

The Motion Picture CameraThe Motion Picture Camera

Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell

Telephone (1876)Telephone (1876)

3. Alternate Current3. Alternate Current

George WestinghouseGeorge Westinghouse

Niagara Falls

3. cont. Alternate Current3. cont. Alternate Current

Westinghouse Lamp ad

The AirplaneThe Airplane

Wilbur Wright Orville Wright Wilbur Wright Orville Wright

Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903 Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903

5. Model T Automobile5. Model T Automobile

Henry FordI want to pay my workers so that they

can afford my product!

Henry FordI want to pay my workers so that they

can afford my product!

“Model T” Prices & Sales

Henry Ford: Specialization and the Assembly Line

• The Assembly Line

• “Division of Labor”

• “Specialization”

Clip: History.com

U. S. Patents GrantedU. S. Patents Granted

1790s 276 patents issued. 1790s 276 patents issued.

1990s 1,119,220 patents issued. 1990s 1,119,220 patents issued.

Andrew Carnegie• Tycoon of Steel– U.S. Steel: Pittsburgh, PA

Henry Ford

Home Insurance BuildingSteel Technology

6. The Heart of the Industrial Boom of the 1800s--The “Rust Belt” today

7. Steel Industry

Iron & Steel ProductionIron & Steel Production

5. Bessemer Process

The Bessemer Process for Steel

Causes of Rapid IndustrializationCauses of Rapid Industrialization1. Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.

2. The Railroad fueled the growing US economy:

First big business in the US. A magnet for financial investment. The key to opening the West. Aided the development of other

industries.

1. Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.

2. The Railroad fueled the growing US economy:

First big business in the US. A magnet for financial investment. The key to opening the West. Aided the development of other

industries.

Causes of Rapid IndustrializationCauses of Rapid Industrialization

3. Technological innovations. Bessemer and open hearth

process Refrigerated cars Edison

o “Wizard of Menlo Park”o light bulb, phonograph,

motion pictures.

3. Technological innovations. Bessemer and open hearth

process Refrigerated cars Edison

o “Wizard of Menlo Park”o light bulb, phonograph,

motion pictures.

4. Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance.

5. Abundant capital.6. New, talented group of businessmen

[entrepreneurs] and advisors.7. Market growing as US population

increased.8. Government willing to help at all levels to

stimulate economic growth.9. Abundant natural resources.

4. Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance.

5. Abundant capital.6. New, talented group of businessmen

[entrepreneurs] and advisors.7. Market growing as US population

increased.8. Government willing to help at all levels to

stimulate economic growth.9. Abundant natural resources.

Causes of Rapid IndustrializationCauses of Rapid Industrialization

The Bessemer Process

• 8. Free Enterprise• A. Laissez-fair, a French phase that

means “let people do as they choose,” was a popular idea in the late 1800s.

• B. Many believed government should not interfere with the economy. Instead they wanted supply and demand to regulate prices and wages.

• Make an argument for both sides. Regulation and non-regulation today

#3 New Approach to Management and Business

Organization

• III. Free Enterprise• A. Laissez-fair, a French phase that means “let

people do as they choose,” was a popular idea in the late 1800s. UNRESTRICTED CAPITALISM!!!

• Make an argument for both sides. Regulation and non-regulation today

III. New Business CultureIII. New Business Culture1. Laissez Faire the ideology of the

Industrial Age.1. Laissez Faire the ideology of the

Industrial Age.

Individual as a moral and economic ideal. Individuals should compete freely in the

marketplace. The market was not man-made or

invented. No room for government in the market!

Individual as a moral and economic ideal. Individuals should compete freely in the

marketplace. The market was not man-made or

invented. No room for government in the market!

New Business CultureNew Business Culture1. Laissez Faire the ideology of the

Industrial Age.

Individual as a moral and economic ideal.

Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace.

The market was not man-made or invented.

No room for government in the market!

2. Social Darwinism2. Social Darwinism British economist. Advocate of

laissez-faire. Adapted Darwin’s

ideas from the “Origin of Species” to humans.

Notion of “Survival of the Fittest.”

British economist. Advocate of

laissez-faire. Adapted Darwin’s

ideas from the “Origin of Species” to humans.

Notion of “Survival of the Fittest.”

Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer

2. Social Darwinism in America

William Graham SumnerFolkways (1906)

$ Individuals must have absolute freedom to struggle, succeed or fail.

$ Therefore, state intervention to reward society and the economy is futile!

$ Individuals must have absolute freedom to struggle, succeed or fail.

$ Therefore, state intervention to reward society and the economy is futile!

7. Social and Economic Darwinism

The Principle of the “Survival of the Fittest”

Darwinism: Survival of the Fittest / Natural Selection was applied to economics

New Business Culture:“The American Dream?”

3. Protestant (Puritan) “Work Ethic” Horatio Alger [100+ novels]

Is the idea of the “self-made man” a MYTH??Is the idea of the “self-made man” a MYTH??

Standard Oil Co.Standard Oil Co.

New Type of Business Entities

2. Trust: Horizontal Integration John D.

Rockefeller

2. Trust: Horizontal Integration John D.

Rockefeller Vertical Integration:

o Gustavus Swift Meat-packingo Andrew Carnegie U. S. Steel

Vertical Integration:o Gustavus Swift Meat-packingo Andrew Carnegie U. S. Steel

Horizontal Integration: OIL

Vertical Integration STEEL

Yum Brands- Horizontal Integration

Hot Pockets: Part of a Conglomerate

#4. New Type of Business Entities#4. New Type of Business Entities1. Pool

1887 Interstate Commerce Act Interstate Commerce Commission created.

2. Trust John D. Rockefeller

1. Pool 1887 Interstate Commerce Act Interstate Commerce Commission created.

2. Trust John D. Rockefeller

Standard Oil Co. Standard Oil Co.

Quartz Mining

#4. New Type of Business Entities#4. New Type of Business Entities3. Corporation

4. Monopoly John D. Rockefeller

3. Corporation

4. Monopoly John D. Rockefeller

Standard Oil Co. Standard Oil Co.

#6 Symptoms of Monopoly

• The Industrial Power of the U.S. is controlled by just a few individuals and industries:

“Powerful Corporations and Trusts”--

1.John D. Rockefeller: Oil

2.Cornelius Vanderbilt: Railroads

3.Andrew Carnegie: Steel

4.J.P. Morgan: Finance and Banking

#7 Natural Resources in Abundance in America

• Trees

• Water Power

• Oil

• Iron Ore

• Coal

John D. Rockefeller

J.D. Rockefeller

#8 New Business Culture

#8 New Business Culture1. Laissez Faire the ideology of the

Industrial Age.

No room for government REGULATION in the market!

New Type of Business Entities

U. S. Corporate Mergers

New Financial BusinessmanNew Financial Businessman

The Broker: J. Pierpont Morgan

Wall Street – 1867 & 1900

The Reorganization of Work

Frederick W. TaylorThe Principles of Scientific Management (1911)

The Reorganization of Work

The Assembly LineThe Assembly Line

% of Billionaires in 1900

% of Billionaires in 1918

The Protectors of Our Industries

The ‘Robber Barons’ of the Past

Cornelius [“Commodore”] Vanderbilt

Can’t I do what I want with my money?Can’t I do what I want with my money?

William VanderbiltWilliam Vanderbilt

$ The public be damned!

$ What do I care about the law? H’aint I got the power?

$ The public be damned!

$ What do I care about the law? H’aint I got the power?

The Gospel of Wealth:Religion in the Era of

Industrialization

The Gospel of Wealth:Religion in the Era of

Industrialization

Russell H. ConwellRussell H. Conwell

$ Wealth no longer looked upon as bad.

$ Viewed as a sign of God’s approval.

$ Christian duty to accumulate wealth.

$ Should not help the poor.

$ Wealth no longer looked upon as bad.

$ Viewed as a sign of God’s approval.

$ Christian duty to accumulate wealth.

$ Should not help the poor.

“On Wealth”“On Wealth”

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

$ The Anglo-Saxon race is superior.

$ “Gospel of Wealth” (1901).

$ Inequality is inevitable and good.

$ Wealthy should act as “trustees” for their “poorer brethren.”

$ The Anglo-Saxon race is superior.

$ “Gospel of Wealth” (1901).

$ Inequality is inevitable and good.

$ Wealthy should act as “trustees” for their “poorer brethren.”

Regulating the TrustsRegulating the Trusts1877 Munn. v. IL

1886 Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. IL

1890 Sherman Antitrust Act in “restraint of trade” “rule of reason” loophole

1895 US v. E. C. Knight Co.

1877 Munn. v. IL

1886 Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. IL

1890 Sherman Antitrust Act in “restraint of trade” “rule of reason” loophole

1895 US v. E. C. Knight Co.

Relative Share of World Manufacturing

Modern ‘Robber Barons’??

Westward Migration

Mining in the West: Gold in Colorado

Transcontinental Railroad

Cultures Class on the Prairie

Expanding West

-The federal government wanted people to go west

-A homesteader was a person who got land from the federal government to settle west

-As this occurred, more people were able to send beef back east; this lead to the Chisholm Trail.

-The government created the Morrill Act that gave money to finance agricultural colleges

-The Dawes Act was also created to help white settlers by poorly allocating land to Native Americans

-Some worked on Bonanza farms, massive single crop farms owned by railroads and companies

Bland-Alison Act: Back Money with Silver

More and the West and Conflict

-Another the government gave was the Homestead Act, which gave 160 acres to families in the west

-Originally, the government gave huge reservations to the Indians, but this changed once whites wanted to move to the area

-The government had a racist approach to giving land to Native Americans

-The government had many skirmishes with Native Americans who resisted expansion; yet, the final battle, the massacre of Wounded Knee, ended this tension

The Age of Railroads

Organized Labor In Agriculture -The Grange formed to fight banks whom they felt were not treating them correctly -This movement gained some momentum; yet, it collapsed when William McKinley, an anti-populist candidate, was elected to office -Farmers felt that the rich were hording all the wealth due to the gold currency-Therefore, they wanted silver to be used for currency to put more money in circulation -This is called bimetallism -During this time, the town of Pullman arose-It was unique because it was built for the purpose of housing its workers in manufacturing & the railroad

Oliver Hudson Kelley: Founder of the Grange

The Grange

Joseph Glidden: Inventor of Barbed Wire

Notes on Sec. 1 the Rise of Industry

• I. the US Industrializes• A. with the end of the Civil War, American

industry expanded and millions of people left their farms to work in mines and factories

• B. By the early 1900s, US had become the world’s leading industrial nation

• By 1914 the gross national product (GNP), or total value of goods and services produced by a country, was 8x greater than at the end of the Civil War

• C. Water, timber, coal, iron and copper are natural resources found in the US that lead to the countries industrial success

• How did the construction of transcontinental railroads add to an increase in industrialization?

• D. What were the early uses of Petroleum?

• What industry was put out of business by the oil industry?

Titusville, Pennsylvania 1859

• In 1859 Edwin Drake drilled the first oil well near Titusville, Pennsylvania. As oil production increased, so did economic expansion (See Previous Picture)

• E. Between 1860 and 1910, the population of the US tripled. Why is this significant for industrialization?

• II. Free Enterprise• A. Laissez-fair, a French phase that

means “let people do as they choose,” was a popular idea in the late 1800s.

• Make an argument for both sides. Regulation or non-regulation today

• B. What is an Entrepreneur?

• They risked their capital to run a business. In the late 1800s, they were attracted to manufacturing and transportation fields.

• • As a result, hundreds of factories and thousands

of miles of railroad were built.

• Another important source of private capital was Europe. Why would foreign investors invest in American companies?

• III. Government’s Role in Industrialism• A. In the late 1800s, government had a laissez-

faire attitude by keeping taxes and spending low and by not imposing regulations on industry.

• Who would this help?• Who would this hurt?

• B. Since the early 1800s, Northern States and Southern States debated on economic policies. Why would the northern states want a tariff on manufactured goods?

• Why would southern states oppose a tariff?

• When the South seceded the Morrill Tariff was passed, which reversed years of declining tariffs. Why was Congress able to pass it passed during the Civil War?

• C. Some Americans were harmed by this tariff. What would other countries do when the US raised tariffs?

• Which group particularly would be harmed? Why?

• By the early 1900s, American industries were large and highly competitive. Many business leaders now favored free trade, believing they could compete internationally and succeed.

• Make a chart of the inventions and inventors on p. 311 and 312.

#5 Social Darwinism Arises

-Social Darwinism discouraged government regulation and claimed the strongest companies should survive

-This lead to monopolies; yet, legislation like the Sherman Anti-trust Act outlawed the formation of trusts that interfered with free trade IN ORDER TO CREATE MORE COMPETITION

-Vertical Integration occurred, where companies tried to by out all raw resources for their products

-Horizontal Integration also occurred, where companies bought out similar companies

-Strikes were used by labor to fight back, such as the Great Strike of 1877 in the railroad industry

-The railroads allowed cities to expand OUTWARD and time zones were made mainly to benefit railroad companies & travelers

APUSH 9.16.13 Mid terms will be posted today- 3:00 p.m. Unit 3- The Gilded Age and Urban America –...

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