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Grid system and datum point
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Archaeological Anthropology
From excavation to interpretation
Begin the Excavation
Grid system with datum pointScrape the uppermost surfaceStratification creates superposition or sequence of time periodsPhasing identifies each distinct layer or stratumEach time period is called a contextEach item of interest is called a feature
Grid system and datum point
Grid system in Qulat al Bahrain
Features at C-8
Phasing by stratification
Extracting the EvidenceIntensive vs extensive excavationIntrusive vs non-intrusive excavationOvercutting or undercutting the stratumExtraction by toolsSeparation by screen or sieve Separation by flotationReturning the fillRead pp. 40-46
Separation
Intensive or extensive?
Interpretation of Evidence
By analogy based on established knowledge Date: absolute or relativeEconomics: trade, labor, productsTechnology: food foraging or food producingAuthority and social stratification Read pp. 286-296
Dilmun Civilization of Bahrain
Trade entrepot Qualat al Bahrain (Bahrain Fort, Seef)Burial Mounds (A’ali)
Trail of Dilmun Seals: trade, currency, craftsmanship
Qualat al Bahrain (Bahrain Fort, Seef): marketplace, labor, trade, houses, roads
Barbar Temple (Saar): 3 successive temples, Sumerian resemblance
Burial Mounds (A’ali): afterlife, social complexity, elite class
Attempts to protect the burial mounds have run into opposition by religious fundamentalists who consider them unIslamic and have called for them to be concreted over for housing. During a parliamentary debate on 17 July 2005, the leader of the salafist Asalah party, Sheikh Adel Mouwdah, said "Housing for the living is better than the graves for the dead. We must have pride in our Islamic roots and not some ancient civilisation from another place and time, which has only given us a jar here and a bone there."
A s si gnm ent :
Re ad pp . 40-4 6 and 286- 296
P l an th e even tMa ke 3 i nst ru ct i on al vi deos of 1 mi nute e ach
B e fore the d i g
Du ri ng the d i g
A f ter t he di g
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