Architectures in Placeenglish-c.tongji.edu.cn/_SiteConf/files/2015/06/22/file_5587848cb6e0d.pdf ·...

TONGJI UNIVERSITY Undergraduate Architecture Course

Meet Your Cities: Morphology, Image and Mapping

Architectures in Place

Dong YAO Dr.Eng ArchAutumn semester 2014

Courthouse, Girona, Spain

Courthouse, Girona, Spainby BonelliGil architects

Credit: BonelliGil

Credit: http://spain.europemaps.info/spain_map.jpg

Credit: Google Map

Credit: Wikipedia

Credit: Google Map Credit: Google Map

Credit: Bonell&Gil-Rius

Credit: Google MapCredit: Bonell&Gil-Rius

Credit: Bonell&Gil-Rius

Credit: BonelliGilCredit: Bonell&Gil-Rius

Credit: BonelliGil

Credit: Google Map

Credit: BonelliGilCredit: Bonell&Gil-Rius

Credit: BonelliGil

Ewha University Complex, Seoul, Korea

Ewha University Campus Complex

Seoul, Koreaby Dominique Perrault

Metropolis

• Project:Ewha University Campus Complex Competition 2004, 1st Prize, Completion 2008

Location:Seoul, KoreaSite area: 50,000 m2Built area 70,000 m2

案例分析梨花女大校园中心

Credits: Google street view

梨花女子大学

Credits:http://www.laurennassef.com/2008/07/

梨花女子大学

Dominique Perrault

Credits: http://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/korea/ewha_womans_university_dp2.jpg

McCormick Center, Chicago, USA

McCormick Tribune Campus CenterChicago, Illinois, USA

by Rem Koolhaas &OMA

Suburban

Project:McCormick Tribune Campus Center

Status:Competition 1997, 1st Prize. Completion 2003

Location:Chicago, Illinois, USA

Site:In the center of historic Mies van der Rohe campus, underneath the metro, neighboring a Mies pavilion

Program:10,690 m2: campus center

Credits: http://news.zhulong.com/dongtai/read.asp?id=53592

伊利诺伊州理工学院 (IIT)In 1890, when advanced education was often reserved for society's elite, Chicago minister Frank Gunsaulus delivered what came to be known as the "Million Dollar Sermon." From the pulpit of his South Side church, near the site Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) now occupies, Gunsaulus said that with a million dollars he would build a school where students of all backgrounds could prepare for meaningful roles in a changing industrial society. Benefactor who, inspired by minister Frank Wakely Gunsaulus’ vision of building a school to provide accessible higher education to all, gave $1 million to found Armour Institute. P.D. Armour, Sr. initiated a family legacy of financial personal contribution to the university, starting with his wife, Malvina Belle Ogden Armour (1842-1927) and their son J. (Jonathan) Ogden Armour (1863-1927). Business tycoon, captain of industry, philanthropist, the richest man in Chicago – all of these terms identify Philip Danforth Armour, Sr. The small meat-packing company he and his brothers purchased, Armour & Co., became the country’s largest meat-packer with world-wide subsidiaries. He invested in, purchased, built and operated railroads, grain farms, banks, and by-product businesses. P.D. Armour built an empire and a model of business practice for others to emulate. He also set a standard for philanthropy, a demonstration of how one man’s personal wealth could be redistributed to workers, residents, and citizens who purchased his products.His specific beneficence to the city of Chicago came in the founding of Armour Institute, established with the intention of making quality education available to the young people willing to apply themselves to study.When Armour Institute opened in 1893, the institute offered professional courses in engineering, chemistry, architecture and library science. IIT was created in 1940 by the merger of Armour Institute with Lewis Institute (est. 1895), a West Side Chicago college that offered liberal arts as well as science and engineering courses. The Institute of Design, founded in 1937, merged with IIT in 1949.

密斯范德罗Mies�Van�Der�Rohe

• Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies (March 27, 1886 – August 17, 1969) was a German architect He was commonly referred to and addressed by his surname, Mies, by most of his American students and others.

Credits: http://www.iit.edu/giving/mies/

伊利诺伊州理工学院主校区

Credits: http://www.iit.edu/giving/mies/master_plan/images/map_thumb.jpg

设计竞赛

Credits: El Croquis 131

In the fall of 1997, the Illinois Institute of Technology in an attempt to bring back their school’s popularity, invited designers to attend a competition for the design of a new campus center for students. The announcement started a “mixture of anticipation and skepticism” among the faculty, the students and the designers (Vinci 104). However, the competition opened a wide range of possibilities: from structures that were almost identical to Mies’s buildings to ones sitting on the opposite pole of his style. Five finalists were picked from 39 architects who responded to the invitation. Surprisingly “the jury rejected Eisenman’s subterranean plan, Hadid’s futurist design, Jahn’s rational design, and Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa’s austere minimalist pavilion in favor of Koolhaas’ proposal” (Vinci 107). Ironically, Koolhaas’ design was the furthest in style from the Mies’ theory, and was going to alter one of his most famous buildings on the campus: the Commons Building.

1941： 6000 students

57 acres

1998: 3200 students

12 acres

设计背景

基地现状

一块飞地

一条轻轨

一幢建筑

功能要求A dense mosaic of program including a food court, auditorium, bookstore, computer facility and meeting spaces attracts students to the new campus center at the Illinois Institute of Technology. Its location in the physical heart of campus re-links the previously disconnected eastern and western halves of the university; while the iconic steel rail station which floats above, connects the campus to the larger metropolitan area.

设计过程

元素分解

建筑剖面

建筑外部

建筑内部

Wang Campus Center, Wellesley, USA

Wang Campus CenterWellesley, MA, USA

by MSME architects

Project: Lulu Chow Wang Campus Center and Davis Garage

completion dates:fall 2005 and spring 2004

Location: Wellesley, Massachusetts , USA

client:Wellesley College

building area:50,000 square foot campus center and 565 structured parking spaces

construction cost:$65 million

Credits: http://news.zhulong.com/dongtai/read.asp?id=53592

Credits: www.wellesley.edu/Admin/travel.html

威尔斯利学院

• In 19 century, whilst the European picturesque garden was prevailing in the United States, the founders of Wellesley College—Henry and Pauline Durant made their mind to build their college’s landscape in a more natural way. According to the mystic transcendentalism which see the nature as sacred; influenced by the success of Frederick Law Olmstead who transformed lyric scenery into the urban public space in the Central Park of New York city; belief in that the rough natural environment could strengthen the health of female students both mentally and physically, all the factors above worked together propelled the founders’ decision to preserve and reinforce the artless natural environment in the forest of Wellesley College[1].

• In 1902, the planning principles of Wellesley College were brought forward in the first time by preeminent landscape architect Olmstead Jr., the son and successor of great Olmstead Sr. According to the unique topography, his suggestion is -- the buildings should follow the edge of the escarpment and concentrate on the top of the plateaus in a continuous way, so as to reduce alteration to the landscape as little as possible, and finally emphasize the natural beauty from the plateaus, hills and meadows[2]. This principle had been written into the first master plan in 1921 and brought into effect in the later years[3].

•[1] P7, P13,& P15, ibid.

• [2] P87, ibid• [3] p117, ibid,

威尔斯利学院

森林造就了威利斯利校园建筑的个性。在这个与常春藤学校齐名的女子大学里，找不到占据统治地位的中心空间，也找不到那些校园中由内及外的次序感。那种肃穆轴线的空间序列，如同圆顶屋之于弗吉尼亚大学，或者巴特勒图书馆之于哥伦比亚大学，又或者怀德纳图书馆之于哈佛大学，在威利斯利学院完全不存在。见林不见树，这或许正是威利斯利学院被称为“女性的校园（Feminine�campus）[i]”的原因所在。建筑也在寻找着对于森林的呼应，无论是20世纪初的学院哥特式（Collegiate�Gothic），还是20世纪中期后的现代主义建筑。前者强调平面自由布置，但手法与细部借鉴哥特风的建筑形式源自于最早接受女生的牛津学院，因此被赋予了代表欧洲的高等教育传统与强调对女性的尊重的文化内涵[ii]。而其建筑形式中不断重复的竖向线条、高耸的山墙、小圆塔与陡峭尖顶，也在学院哥特式建筑与森林环境之间建立了形式上的和谐[iii]。

威尔斯利的森林

• 抛弃了繁琐的细部，现代主义建筑与森林的关系仍是暧昧的[i]。两位大师用两幢建筑给出了两种不同的答案。1958年完工的朱厄特艺术中心（Jewett�Art�Center�）展示了保罗·鲁道夫（Paul�Rudolph）对环境的重视以及创造力。除了在材质与比例上的努力外，鲁道夫进行了很多伟大的创造：包括尖椎型天窗创造的天际线，与非承重墙脱离的混凝土束柱，以及留下婆娑光影的铝合金遮阳板。而1993年建成的戴维斯博物馆（Davis�Museum）则似乎未能再现拉菲尔·莫尼奥（Rafael�Moneo）在国立罗马艺术博物馆中融汇古今的神来之笔。相对于精彩的室内空间，除了材质与天际线之外，几乎找不出博物馆与威利斯利环境间的关系。

•[i] Fitch,�James�Marston,�Criticism:�although�not�successful� in�all�its�details,�Wellesley's�alternative�to�"collegiate�gothic"�is�a�fitting�building�and�an�important�development,�in�Architectural� forum,�July�1959,�vol.�111:1,�P94-95.

威尔斯利的现代主义

Mack Scogin is a principal in the firm of Mack Scogin Merrill Elam Architects, in Atlanta, Georgia. He is the Kajima Professor in Practice of Architecture at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design, where he was the chairman of the Department of Architecture from 1990 to 1995. He offers instruction in the core studio sequence and in advanced studio options. Recent studios have included: Everybody loves Frank, Field Trip, "My Way"—A Trip to Gee's Bend, Symmetrical Performance, "Empathy", 13141516171819, Beige Neon, and Doing and Dancing.With Merrill Elam, he received the 1995 Academy Award in Architecture from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, a 1996 Chrysler Award for Innovation in Design, the 2006 Boston Society of Architects Harleston Parker Medal and a 2008 Honorary Fellowship in the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).

威尔斯利的新篇

设计背景

新的大学生活动中心解决校园停车问题恢复新英格兰丘陵的地景与生态寻找适合威尔斯利学院的设计风格

设计策略

建筑生成

平面

立面

建筑游走

内部空间

Architecture in placeSITE based design

1. Establishing the relationship. 2. Discovering the beauty of the site.3. Creating value for the site.

See you next time!10am, October 15

Architectures in Placeenglish-c.tongji.edu.cn/_SiteConf/files/2015/06/22/file_5587848cb6e0d.pdf ·...

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