ARTHROPODS HOLT CH. 29 PG. 701-711. ARTHROPOD CHARACTERISTICS Segmented body

ARTHROPODSHOLT CH. 29

PG. 701-711

ARTHROPOD CHARACTERISTICS

Segmented body

Segmented body Jointed appendages

Segmented body Jointed appendages Hard external skeleton

Segmented body Jointed appendages Hard external skeleton Most have open circulatory system

Segmented body Jointed appendages Hard external skeleton Most have open circulatory system Many have wings

SEGMENTED BODY Individual body segments in larval stage

SEGMENTED BODY Individual body segments in larval stage Adults show 3 body segments

Head Thorax (chest) Abdomen SOME display CEPHALOTHORAX (head and

chest fused together)

JOINTED APPENDAGES APPENDAGE-structure that extends form

arthropod’s body wall

JOINTED APPENDAGES APPENDAGE-structure that extends form

arthropod’s body wall ARTHROPOD=“jointed foot”

EXOSKELETON EXOSKELETON-made of carbohydrate

CHITIN-thin/flexible Muscles attach Appendages attach

EXOSKELETON EXOSKELTON-made of carbohydrate

WATERPROOF

EXOSKELETON EXOSKELTON-made of carbohydrate

WATERPROOF PROTECTION

REPSIRATION AND CIRCULATION

SPIRACLES-air enters body through these openings

TRACHEA-tubes there air travels from spiracles to bloodstream

Aquatic arthropods breath with gills

Aquatic arthropods breath with gills OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

REPSIRATION AND CIRCULATION SPIRACLES-air enters body through these

openings TRACHEA-tubes there air travels from

spiracles to bloodstream Aquatic arthropods breath with gills OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Terrestrial arthropods breath with BOOK

FEEDING/DIGESTION/EXCRETION

Many mouthparts/appendages for taking in food

MALPIGHIAN TUBULES-excretory system of arthropods-

Waste leaves through anus

COMPOUND EYE Composed of thousands of individual visual

units SOME also have simple eyes (single

lenses)-see only light and dark, not images

LIFE CYCLE Most reproduce sexually

LIFE CYCLE Most reproduce sexually Usually internal fertilization

LIFE CYCLE Most reproduce sexually Usually internal fertilization Many have specialized reproductive organs

LIFE CYCLE Most reproduce sexually Usually internal fertilization Many have specialized reproductive organs MOLTING-shedding of exoskeleton to allow

for growth

GROUPS OF ARTHROPODS 4 main groups (SUBPHYLA of phyla

ARTHROPODA)

ARTHROPODA) HEXAPOD-insects

ARTHROPODA) HEXAPOD-insects MYRIAPODA-millipeds/centipedes CRUSTACEA-lobsters/shrimp

ARTHROPODA) HEXAPOD-insects MYRIAPODA-millipeds/centipedes CRUSTACEA-lobsters/shrimp CHELICERATA-spiders

ARTHROPODA) HEXAPOD-insects MYRIAPODA-millipeds/centipedes CRUSTACEA-lobsters/shrimp CHELICERATA-spiders SEE PG. 705!!!

SUCCESS OF ARTHROPODS More arthropods than all other animal

groups COMBINED

groups COMBINED More than 5 million species identified (and

growing)

growing) Exoskeleton provides protection (land and

water)

growing) Exoskeleton provides protection (land and

water) Wide range of food sources and habitats

ARACHNIDS SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA (spiders,

scorpions, mites, ticks and horseshoe crabs)

Have appendages called CHELICERAE (1st pair of appendages specialized for feeding) Modified into pincers or fangs

scorpions, mites, ticks and horseshoe crabs) Have appendages called CHELICERAE (1st pair

of appendages specialized for feeding) Modified into pincers or fangs

PEDIPALPS-2nd pair of appendages-catch and handle prey

4 pair of WALKING LEGS

4 pair of WALKING LEGS No antennae CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest)

ARACHNIDS SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA (spiders, scorpions, mites,

ticks and horseshoe crabs) Have appendages called CHELICERAE (1st pair of

appendages specialized for feeding) Modified into pincers or fangs

PEDIPALPS-2nd pair of appendages-catch and handle prey 4 pair of WALKING LEGS No antennae CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest) ABDOMEN (belly)

PEDIPALPS-2nd pair of appendages-catch and handle prey 4 pair of WALKING LEGS No antennae CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest) ABDOMEN (belly) ARACHNIDS-largest class

CLASS ARACHNIDA All (except some mites) are carnivores

CLASS ARACHNIDA All (except some mites) are carnivores Most terrestrial

CLASS ARACHNIDA All (except some mites) are carnivores Most terrestrial Don’t have jaws (consume only liquid food)

CLASS ARACHNIDA All (except some mites) are carnivores Most terrestrial Don’t have jaws (consume only liquid food) Enzymes turn prey into liquid (see pg. 710-

711) Most do more good than harm (predators of

insects)

SPIDERS Chelicerae of spiders modified into fangs

SPIDERS Chelicerae of spiders modified into fangs Poison glands secrete toxins

(kills/paralyzes prey)

(kills/paralyzes prey) 2 poisonous species in US

BLACK WIDOW BROWN RECLUSE

(kills/paralyzes prey) 2 poisonous species in US

BLACK WIDOW BROWN RECLUSE

SPINNERETS-appendages at end of abdomen-secrete sticky silk strands

BROWN RECLUSE

BLACK WIDOW

BLACK WIDOW VIDEO

SCORIONS/MITES/TICKS SCORPIONS-segmented abdomen

ending in venomous stinger Grasping pincers-seizing food and sexual

reproduction

SCORIONS/MITES/TICKS SCORPIONS-segmented abdomen

ending in venomous stinger Grasping pincers-seizing food and sexual

reproduction MITES/TICKS-head, thorax and abdomen

fused into single unsegmented body Most not harmful Can spread viral/fungal infections (ex. Lyme’s

disease)

SCORIONS/MITES/TICKS SCORPIONS-segmented abdomen ending in

venomous stinger Grasping pincers-seizing food and sexual reproduction

MITES/TICKS-head, thorax and abdomen fused into single unsegmented body Most not harmful Can spread viral/fungal infections (ex. Lyme’s disease)

HORSESHOE CRAB- Ancient group of invertebrates (400 million years)

SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA Most marine, some fresh water

SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA Most marine, some fresh water CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest) and

ABDOMEN

ABDOMEN Appendages on abdomen

ABDOMEN Appendages on abdomen Have mandibles for feeding and two

antennae

ABDOMEN Appendages on abdomen Have mandibles for feeding and two

antennae Breathe with gills

SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA Most marine, some fresh water CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest) and ABDOMEN Appendages on abdomen Have mandibles for feeding and two antennae Breathe with gills CARAPACE-exoskeleton of cephalothorax

SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA Most marine, some fresh water CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest) and ABDOMEN Appendages on abdomen Have mandibles for feeding and two antennae Breathe with gills CARAPACE-exoskeleton of cephalothorax NAUPLIUS-larval form (molts to become adult)

TERRESTRIAL CRUSTACEANS Sand fleas, isopods, land crabs (only

PARTIALLY adapted for land-tied to ocean)

AQUATIC CRUSTACEANS Fairy shrimp, water fleas, copepods (most

abundant multicelled food source), krill, barnacles (sessile),

DECAPODS-crayfish, crabs, lobsters (5 pair legs)

DECAPODS-crayfish, crabs, lobsters (5 pair legs) CARAPACE-’hood’ over cephalothorax

DECAPODS-crayfish, crabs, lobsters (5 pair legs) CARAPACE-’hood’ over cephalothorax LARVA=nauplius (MOLTS several times to allow

for growth)

DECAPODS-crayfish, crabs, lobsters (5 pair legs) CARAPACE-’hood’ over cephalothorax LARVA=nauplius (MOLTS several times to allow for

growth) FOOD CHAIN-fairy shrimp, water fleas, krill

DECAPODS-crayfish, crabs, lobsters (5 pair legs) CARAPACE-’hood’ over cephalothorax LARVA=nauplius (MOLTS several times to allow for

growth) FOOD CHAIN-fairy shrimp, water fleas, krill SESSILE-barnacles

DECAPODS LARGEST GROUP OF CRUSTACEANS

CHELIPEDS-pinchers

Shrimp, crayfish, crab, lobsters CHELIPEDS-pinchers SWIMMERETS-swimming legs on ventral

abdomen

Shrimp, crayfish, crab, lobsters CHELIPEDS-pinchers SWIMMERETS-swimming legs on ventral abdomen UROPOD-flattened tail on posterior end (swim

backwards)

ARTHROPODS HOLT CH. 29 PG. 701-711. ARTHROPOD CHARACTERISTICS Segmented body

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