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8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
1/91
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
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AssessmentofEasternProvinceRecovery
ThePublicPerspective2010
SocialIndicator
(SI)
Centre
for
Policy
Alternatives
(CPA)
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AssessmentofEasternProvinceRecovery
ThePublicPerspective
Publisher:
SocialIndicator(SI)CentreforPolicyAlternatives(CPA)
Colombo,SriLanka2010
Copyright:
SICPA,Colombo,SriLanka 2010
ISBN9789551655778
HeadOfficeCentreforPolicyAlternatives
24/2,28thLane
OffFlowerRoad
Colombo7
Tel: +941125653046,5552746,5552748
Fax:+94114714460
Email:info@cpalanka.org
Web:www.cpalanka.org
SocialIndicatorCentreforPolicyAlternatives
105,5thLane
Colombo3
Tel:+94112370472/6
Fax:+94112370475
Email:info@cpasocialindicator.org
Web:http://cpalanka.org/index.php?th=5
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AssessmentofEasternProvinceRecoveryThePublicPerspective
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 01 METHODOLOGY 02 KEYFINDINGS 04 IMPORTANTISSUESFORTHELOCALCOMMUNITY 04 IMPROVEMENTINDEVELOPMENT,PERSONALSECURITY&
LIVELIHOODS 05 DEMOCRACY 05 WOMENSROLEINPOLITICS 12 POWERSHARING&THE13THAMENDMENT 14 EASTERNPROVINCIALCOUNCIL 15 DEVELOPMENT 19 LANDISSUES 24 HUMANRIGHTS 26 RECONCILIATION&PEACEBUILDING 31 MINORITIES 33 CONCLUSION 34
ANNEX DATATABLESFORETHNIC&DISTRICTBREAKDOWN SURVEYQUESTIONNAIRE INDEPTHINTERVIEWPROTOCOL
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INTRODUCTIONThe Eastern Province, home to a total population of 1.5 million residents, is Sri
Lankas most ethnically complex region with a Tamil speaking majority split
between the Tamils and the Muslims and a sizeable Sinhala minority who have
mostly moved from the South under the state irrigation and resettlement
program.1Theconditions forchange in theEastern Province wassetduring the
periodfollowing2006,whenitwasdemergedfromtheNorthernProvinceunder
a Supreme Court decision. The last two years witnessed further changes taking
place in the political sphere, placing Eastern Province at the center of political
debate.Themostsignificantdevelopmentwasthesuccessofthegovernment in
drivingouttheLTTEfromtheEastin2007,endingover25yearsofcivilwar.Asa
result, the Eastern Province for the first time in years was opened up for
development on social, political and economic terms. The political front was
opened
up
by
the
local
government
and
provincial
council
elections
that
were
heldinMarchandMay2008andbybringingtheTMVPintoademocraticpolitical
processthroughencouragingthemtoemergeasapoliticalpartyandcontestthe
elections.TheendofthewarinMay2009hasledtonewdevelopmentinitiatives,
pavingthewayforfurthereconomicdevelopment.
In this context, it is important to explore the extent of change in the East. In
additiontosupportingCPAscurrentworkintheEasternProvince,thisstudywill
provide policy makers with a birds eye view of the situation in the Eastern
Province, thereby facilitating broaderpolicy debate.Most importantly, itwill fill
thegap
in
information
on
the
Eastern
Province
by
providing
various
actors
from
the public sector to civil society, with a valuable source of information on
democracy,humanrightsanddevelopment.
Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies,
Social Indicator (SI) attempted to acquire peoples knowledge, attitudes and
perceptionsonthestateofdemocracy intheEasternProvince.Thequantitative
intervention(thesurvey)investigatespublicopiniononkeythemesofdemocracy,
human rights and development, while the qualitative component (indepth
discussions)attemptstoobtainadditionalinsightintothesamethematicareas.
Thisreportpresentsthequantitativeandthequalitativefindingsofthestudy.
1 International Crisis Group. (2008).SriLankasEasternProvince:LandDevelopmentandConflict (Asia Report N 159 15
th
October)
retrieved
on
16
October
2009,
from
http//www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/48f6ed862.pdf
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METHODOLOGYThestudywasconducted inthethreedistrictsoftheEasternProvince;Ampara,
Trincomalee and Batticaloa. SI adopted a combination of both quantitative and
qualitative research methodologies to gather the necessary information. SI
conducted a survey amongst a randomly selected sample for the quantitative
component,whilethequalitativecomponentconsistsofindepthinterviews.
SAMPLINGThesurveywasconductedamongsta totalsampleof2067 individualsusingthe
MultiStage Sampling technique. As the primary layer of sampling, all the
DivisionalSecretariat (DS)divisions in the threedistrictsof theEasternProvince
wereselectedandwereclusteredonthebasisofthemajorityethnicproportions
ineachDSdivision.[IntheAmparaDistrict,Muslimscomprisethemajority(44%),
followed by the Sinhalese (37.5%) and the Tamils (18.3%). In the Batticaloa
District,Tamilsarethe largestsection (74%)followedbytheMuslims(25%)and
the Sinhalese (0.5%). In Tricomalee District, Muslims comprise the majority
(45.4%)followedbyTamils(28.6%)andSinhalese(25.4%)].
Afterwards the sample was allocated for each DS division representative of the
majority ethnicity in that DS division. Within each DS division, Grama Niladari(GN) divisions were randomly selected allotting one GN division to every 10
respondents. The selection of the respondents within a GN division was done
usingtwo
separate
methodologies
depending
on
the
urban/
rural
context.
In
the
highly populated urban GNs, the respondents were selected using the random
samplingtechnique,while intheruralGNs,respondentswereselectedusingthe
quotasamplingtechnique.
The indepth interviews were conducted amongst 26 individuals who belong to
theSinhala,TamilandMuslimethnicitiesinthethreedistricts;Ampara,Batticaloa
and Trincomalee. These individuals were selected from different occupational
backgrounds inordertogetabalancedunderstandingofthe issuesdiscussed in
thesurvey.Therefore,thefieldresearcherswerespecificallyadvisedtoselectthe
respondents
from
diverse
backgrounds;
Government
officials/teachers,
fishermen,farmersandtraders/businessmen,NGOworkers.
THEQUESTIONNAIREANDTHEPROTOCOLSocialIndicatordevelopedthesurveyquestionnaireinconsultationwiththeLegal
UnitandthePeaceandConflictAnalysisUnitoftheCentreforPolicyAlternatives.
The finalized questionnaire included questions on democracy, development,
human rights, reconciliation and peace building in addition to questions on
provincial councils, land issues and minorities. The final questionnaire was later
translated
into
Sinhala
and
Tamil
languages
prior
to
the
commencement
of
fieldwork.
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3|P a g e
Indepth interviewprotocol,theguidelineforconductingtheindepthinterviews
wasalsodevelopedinconsultationwiththeLegalUnitandthePeaceandConflict
AnalysisUnitoftheCentreforPolicyAlternatives.Astheintentionoftheindepth
interviewswastoexplorethekeythematicareasfurther,theprotocolconsisted
of almost the same key questions asked in the survey questionnaire under the
mainthemesofdemocracy,humanrightsanddevelopment.
FIELDWORKSIresearchersvisitedtheEasternProvincefromthe7
thto10
thofNovember2009.
Onthe7th
ofNovember,SIconductedaFocusGroupDiscussion(FGD)usingthe
Indepth interview protocol with 6 field researchers. The objective of the
discussionwastwofold;firstlytogivethefieldresearchersacleartrainingonhow
theyshouldconducttheinterviewswiththeaidoftheprotocolandsecondlyfor
the senior researchers of SI to get a general understanding of the current
situationintheEasternProvince.DuringthetriptoBatticaloa,SIresearchersalso
visited several areas within the Batticaloa district Batticaloa town, Aithyamale
(UnicheVillage),andThirukkovil.SI conducted two separate field briefings for the Sinhala and Tamil field
researchers.ThefieldbriefingfortheTamilfieldresearchersandthesupervisors
was conducted in Batticaloa on the 8th
of November. The content of the
questionnairewas thoroughly discussed amongst themwhilealso giving them a
comprehensivetrainingonthefieldtechniquestobeusedwhenconductingthe
fieldwork.
Thefieldbriefingsessionsfor theSinhalafieldresearcherswereconductedatSI
premises. The briefing for the survey was conducted on the 13th
of November
2009whilethefieldbriefingfortheindepthinterviewswasconductedonthe7th
ofDecember2009.
ThedatagatheredfromthesurveywasanalyzedusingtheStatisticalPackagefor
Social Science (SPSS); a specialized statistical tool widely used by social
researcherstheworldover.
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AssessmentofTheEasternProvinceRecoveryThePublicPerspective
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IMPORTANTISSUESFORTHELOCALCOMMUNITYTherespondentswerequestionedontheirperceptionsofthepoliticalandeconomic
climate in the Eastern Province. In doing so, they were asked to prioritize the key
issues facing their local community and to state the level of improvement in
development,personalsecurityandlivelihoodsinthelasttwoyears.
Amid the numerous issues listed, the respondents of all three communities assign
significance to improving roads, transport, increasing job opportunities and
improving education in the postwar Eastern Province. Moreover, clean water and
personalsecurityarealsogivenprecedencebyallthethreecommunities,inaddition
to the development of electricity services, health facilities, housing and toilet
facilities. [Ref. 1] Human rights protection seems mainly a concern amongst theTamils (7.3%) and the Muslims (5.1%) in comparison to the Sinhalese (3.8%).
2 This
shows that development needs
take significant precedence to
security and human rights
protection in the popular
perception.
The respondents who
participated in the indepth
discussions often highlight the
importance in their livelihood
development. They indicate that
they are awaiting improvement
in their livelihood activities
including agriculture, fisheries,
livestock and cottage industries. For instance, the farmers state that they are
expectinganimprovementintheagriculturalsectorintermsofprovidingthemwith
opportunities to easily access seed paddy, fertilizer and to sell paddy for a decent
price. They further look forward to improvement in the irrigation systems. The
fisheriessector, whichaccording to the fishermenhasnot benefittedas a resultof
development,alsoanticipateanimprovement.Inaddition,theyhighlightthatfishing
isnot
allowed
in
certain
areas
without
apermit.
Those
who
are
involved
in
livestock
and cottage industries look forward to loanschemes for restarting their livelihood
activities.
Astherespondentswereallowedtogivemorethanoneanswertothisquestion,the
totalofthevaluesgivendoesnotaddupto100.
ThelowimportanceassignedtolandissuescouldbeduetoanerrorintheTamil
translationofthequestionnairewherethewordlandistranslatedasNilam
2ForethnicanddistrictanalysisrefertoannexPg1
Ref.1RANKED ISSUE %
1 ImprovingRoadsandTransportation 29.72 JobOpportunities 26.33 ImprovingEducation 26.04 CleanWater 23.3
5 ImprovingHealthcare 18.0
6 Housing 15.3
7 PersonalSecurity 13.3
8
BetterElectricity
Service
7.3
9 LandIssues 7.0
10 IrrigationWater 6.7
11 HumanRightsProtection 5.7
Excepttherenovated
interiorroad,alltheother
roadsareinastateofbad
repair.Theschoolrunsina
temporarybuilding.
TamilFishermaninVakarai,
Batticaloa
Inthisareaactuallythe
agriculturesectorneedsto
develop
because
this
is
peoplesmainincome
generatingactivity.There
shouldbeimmediate
developmentinthe
infrastructureneededfor
agriculture.
SinhalaFarmerinMoraweva,Trincomalee
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
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Assess
entofTheEasternProvince
IMPROV
The resp
improved
twoyears
progress
by all
groups
district
However,
comparis
overwhel
the imp
developm
personal
considera
percenta
half of t
activities;
12% stat
livelihood
East.
DEMOC
Provincial
as a pol
contestin
Provincei
natureof
entirepro
of demo
occupatio
haveocc
peoplein
shortspa
The resp
whichth
knowledg
whichthe
3Fore
ecoveryThe
EMENTIN
ndents belie
overthe last
.[Ref.2]The
is accepted
the ethnic
nd at the
level.3
in
n to the
ingbeliefin
ovement of
ent and
security,
a
bly smaller
eofpeopleb
e responden
almostonet
d that it has
s is mainly v
RACY
IN
TH
Counciland
itical party
the electio
ntherecent
elections tha
vincebydefe
racy. Theref
n and milita
rredin
the
r
theEastern
oftime.
ndentsperc
ysupportde
einpolitics,
ytrustpolitic
hnicanddistri
PublicPerspect
EVELOPME
ve that deve
elieveinthe
ts seem dis
ird(34.2%)
deteriorate
oiced by the
EASTERN
LocalGover
(Tamil Makk
ns are cruci
past.Eventh
tfollowed,t
atingtheLTT
re, as a pr
ization for a
ecentpast
c
rovinceund
eption ofde
mocracy,the
heirlevelof
alinstitution
tanalysisrefe
Liveli
PersonalSe
Develop
Ref
ive
T,PERSO
lopment, per
improvemen
ontented wi
fthemstate
d over the l
Tamils (15.2
ROVINCE
mentelectio
al Viduthalai
l changes t
ough,therea
heGovernme
Eisperceive
vince that h
considerabl
rtainlystim
rstanddemo
ocracy is ex
irinterpretati
politicaland
.
rtoannexPg2
11
12
1.5
1.2
0.0
hood
curity
ment
.2 Improvement
ALSECURI
sonal securit
oftheirlivel
th the progr
thatnocha
st two years
) and the
nsandtheK
Pulikal/TM
at were wit
requestions
ntsrestorati
tobeaclear
as experienc
length of t
lateinterest
cracyandad
amined acco
onofdemoc
civicengage
53.34.2
.2
6.6
.0
50.0
inDevelopmennd Livelihoods
5
YANDLIVE
and livelih
ihoodactiviti
ess in their
ngehasoccu
. This deteri
uslims (12.3
arunaGroup
P) and sub
nessed in th
aboutthefre
onofcontrol
signofther
ed the effec
ime, the cha
inexaminin
ptitinpract
rding to the
racy,theirint
entandthe
8
87.4
82.2
100.0
t,PersonalSecu
I
|P a g e
LIHOODS
ods have
s.Nearly
livelihood
redwhile
ration of
%) in the
emerging
sequently
e Eastern
eandfair
overthe
storation
of LTTE
nges that
howthe
iceinthis
egree to
erestand
extentto
ity
eteriorated
oChange
mproved
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
10/91
fea
We
liv
p
wo
r
ope
to
activ
we
fre
a
Assess
elivedwith
r.Nowthere
ngageinfis
areengaged
lihoodactivi
st,wecould
rk. Wehadt
undupand
rations.Wec
thelagoonf
ities.General
njoyafreedo
domtogot
ndthefreedo
fishing.
TamilFish
laiyadivemb
entofTheEas
asenseof
isnofear.
ing.Others
intheir
ies.Inthe
notgoto
otolerate
hecking
uldnotgo
rfishing
lyspeaking,
mnow:the
thefields
mtofor
rmanin
u,Ampara
ternProvince
SUPPORT
Therespo
for demo
selectast
1. D
2. In
d
3. It
d
Amajori
ofgover
district l
slightlyh
Similarly,
(53%),
democra
higherth
levels.
However
dictatori
to
a
deThis opi
by nearl
Sinhales
Tamils.
hand,
Muslims
not mat
whether
democra
the opi
predomi
Muslim
governa
4Fore
5Centr
Delhi,
6Ibid
ecoveryThe
FORDEMOC
ndentssupp
cracy as a sy
atementthat
mocracyisp
certainsitua
mocraticon
doesntmatt
mocraticgov
yoftheEast
ment[Ref.3
vel.4 This p
igher incom
in comparis
astern resp
cy.644.5%of
anthosewh
, for a Provi
l governmen
mocratic
onion is share
y 5% of th
and th
n the othe
7% of th
say it doe
ter to the
they hav
ticornonde
ion of the
antBatticalo
redominant
ce.
hnicanddistri
eforStudyof
xfordUniversi
PublicPerspect
44.5
Ref.3At
ACY
rtfordemo
stem of gov
theymostly
referabletoa
ions,adictat
rtopeoplel
ernance
ernrespond
]whichwasa
eference for
parison to th
on to the pr
ondents ex
thepeople
saythesa
ce which w
t
.
d
e
e
r
e
s
e
mocraticsyst
majority et
adistrict,5.8
mparadistr
tanalysisrefe
evelopingSoc
tyPress
ive
4.25.6
titudesTowards
racywasass
rnance. In o
agreewithou
nyotherkind
orialgovern
ikemewheth
nts(45.8%)
lsoseenacro
democracy a
eSouthAsia
eference for
press a co
ay theyhave
eattheSout
as partly und
em.Opinion
nicity in a
%preferadi
ict,8.4%are
rtoannexPg3
ieties(CSDS)(2
45.8
Democracy
D
ot
In
g
a
It
m
or
N
ssedinrelat
rder to do s
tofthreesta
ofgovernm
entcanbep
erwehaved
referdemoc
ssallethnicc
mongst the
preference
democracy
siderably l
noopinion i
hAsian(32%
er LTTE occ
atthedistric
district. Th
ctatorialregi
notconcerne
008).Stateof
6
mocracyis
pref
herkindofgove
certainsituation
vernmentcanb
emocraticone
doesn'tmattert
ewhetherweha
nondemocratic
opinion
iontotheirp
o, they were
tements;
nt
referabletoa
emocraticor
racytoany
ommunities
astern resp
fordemocra
t the Sri La
wer prefer
nthisregard
)andSriLan
pation, 4.2%
levelseems
refore, in t
mewhileint
daboutthe
emocracyinS
|P a g e
rableto
any
nment
s,adictatorial
preferableto
peoplelike
vedemocratic
governance
reference
asked to
on
therkind
ndatthe
ndents is
y(42%).5
kan level
ence for
,which is
an(25%)
prefer a
toreflect
he Tamil
hemostly
systemof
outhAsia.
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
11/91
Assess
entofTheEasternProvince
MEANIN
Indepth
ways. B
particula
speechi
the abs
exercise
isinterp
rightto
INTERES
The int
attentiv
newspa
discussi
provinci
Mostof
(newspa
Radio) o
family a
there w
listening
Radio
newspa
politics
[Ref. 4
Muslims
interest
news in
Sinhales
of the T
Muslims
oftenp
newsas
oftheTa
onTVas
7Fore
ecoveryThe
GOFDEMOC
discussionsr
and large,
rlyreferring
thepost
wa
nce of viole
politicalpow
etedasdem
otewhileso
INPOLITICS
rest respon
ness to
ers/magazin
nswithfamil
landnation
thecitizensr
pers/magazin
r discuss pol
nd friends.
as a prefer
to news o
over
ers or
ithfamilyan
] Tamils
show a
in listeningt
compariso
.7 For insta
amils and 40
state
that
t
yattentiont
opposedtot
milsand40
opposedtot
hnicanddistri
PublicPerspect
RACY
evealthatre
they associa
othenewly
rperiod.
Th
ce, the free
r,freedomt
cracyforma
eothersun
ATLOCAL,P
dents take i
political
s,
TV,Radio
yandfriends
lpolitics.
arelyorne
es, TV,
itics with
However,
ence for
TV and
reading
iscussing
dfriends.
nd the
higher
political
to the
ce, 37%
% of the
hey
very
political
he18.6%of
oftheMusli
he34%ofth
tanalysisrefe
ive
Howoftenwoul
payattentiont
politicsont
Howoftenwoul
payattentiont
politicsont
Howoften
woul
payattentiont
politicsinnew
magaz
Howoftend
politicswit
fri
Ref.
Nev
spondentsu
te the mean
acquiredfre
peaceful
at
om to expre
odoajobth
nyresponde
erstanddem
OVINCIALAN
n politics w
ews in
,the
extent
,andthedeg
erpayatten
heSinhalese
msstatethat
Sinhalesew
rtoannexPg4
0
yousayyou
newsabout
heradio
yousayyou
newsabout
elevision
you
say
you
newsabout
spapersor
ines
oyoudiscuss
hfamilyand
nds
4Interest&Inv
r Rarel
derstandde
ing of dem
domofmov
osphereex
ss their polit
ylikeorfollo
ts.Forsome
ocracyasm
DNATIONAL
as examined
mainstream
owhich
peo
reeofintere
iontopolitic
whostateth
theypayatt
ostatethes
7
22.4
21.6
17.3
14.4
20
lvementinPoli
VeryO
ocracy ina
cracy with
ementandfr
eriencedas
ical views, fr
wareligiont
democracy
jorityrule.
LEVEL
in relation
media s
pleengage
i
ttheyexpres
alnewsinm
esame.Simi
ntiontopoli
ame.
|P a g e
33.0
39.9
49.7
45.7
41.5
44.5
36.2
33.9
40 60
ics
ten
varietyof
reedom,
eedomof
resultof
edom to
heywant,
eansthe
to their
uch as
political
sinlocal,
ssmedia
larly,44%
icalnews
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
12/91
Assess
entofTheEasternProvince
Despite
part
respond
inpolitic
and nat
large
(80%) li
local af
expressi
interest.
interest
from
provinci
national
Political
commu
the Mu
interest
(37.2%).
politics
POLITIC
The
bulLanka,
ethnic
districts.
further,
knowled
measur
questio
and na
were
knowled
Minister
Council,
number
8Fore
9Fore
ecoveryThe
the overall l
f the
nts show i
satlocal,pr
ional level.
sections i
es mainly i
fairs, with
g a great
Peoples le
in politics
local (80%
l (72.4%)
politics(64.4
interest is
ity expresse
lims.8 For in
in local pol
Likewise,38
omparedtot
LKNOWLED
of
the
respwhich is se
communities9 In confir
respondents
ge of p
d using a
s related to
ional politic
uestioned
ge about th
, the official
nameofthe
ofmembersi
hnicanddistri
hnicanddistri
PublicPerspect
w interest e
astern
terest
vincial
Yet, a
terest
their
42.8%,
eal of
vel of
drops
) to
to
).[Ref.5]
igh amongst
a great dea
stance, 53.4
itics compar
oftheTam
heSinhalese
E
ndents
(81%en across
and the
ing this
objective
litics is
set of
provincial
s. People
on their
term of offi
languages, p
currentChie
ntheparliam
tanalysisrefe
tanalysisrefe
P
ive
pressed in li
all the thr
l of interest i
of the Ta
d to the Si
ilcommunity
(13.8%)andt
)
claim
they
ce of the Pr
olitical party
Ministeran
entfromthei
rannexPg5
rannexPg6
51.6
2.5
3.
0.0
Local
Politics
rovincial
Politics
National
politics
Ref.5 In
26.4%
Ref.6Co
stening to p
e communit
n compariso
il communit
nhalese (34.
expressesa
heMuslims(
are
fairly
inf
sident, nam
in the oppo
finally,thei
rdistrict.
25.7
22.2
312.4
17.0
21.6
.1
8.0
11.1
20.0 40.0
erestin PoliticsNational
20.0%
53.6%
mpositeIndex:
8
litical news,
ies, though
to the Sinh
y expresses
%) and the
reaterintere
21.2%).
rmed
of
poli
of the curr
ition of the
runderstand
42.8.1
46.7
42.2
60.0
atLocal,Provinlevel
Noans
Don'tk
Verylit
Somei
Agreat
oliticalKnowle
LowKnowle
ModerateK
HighKnowl
|P a g e
a greater
he Tamil
alese and
a greater
Muslims
stinlocal
tics
in
Sri
nt Prime
Provincial
ingofthe
ial&
wer
now/Notsure
tleinterest
terest
dealofinterest
ge
dge
nowledge
dge
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
13/91
Assess
entofTheEasternProvince
Acomp
indicate
Eastern
[Ref.6]
Battical
political
knowled
(26.1%)
POLITIC
Thepoli
various
Council
activitie
conditio
was
conside
attendin
partym
contacti
officialt
or to
expressi
local
govern
to a pol
support
10Peo
questio
questio
answe
Those
haveL
11For
ecoveryThe
site indexw
bytheinde
respondents
Thisismainly
adistrict.11
knowledge,
ge of Sri Lan
andlow(27
LANDCIVIC
icalengagem
politicalactiv
electionshel
s, working w
ns,takingpar
person
ed unj
g a polit
eetingorar
ng a p
oaskforafa
raise an iss
ng views
overnance
ent officials
iticalparty, b
thatpartyby
lespoliticalk
ns related to
nscorrectlyw
ed1or3ques
hodidnotc
owpoliticalkn
thnicanddistr
PublicPerspect
sformulate
,foraregion
are politicall
seenamong
he26.4%of
ainlycompr
kan politics.
)politicalkn
ENGAGEMEN
entofpeopl
itieswithint
inMay200
ith a neighb
tinaprotest
ally
st,
ical
lly,
rty
vor
ue,
on
to
or
een persuad
attendingm
owledgeism
national and
eretakenaso
tionscorrectly
rrectlyanswe
owledge.
ictanalysisref
Politic
Particip
Civic
Particip
ive
usingthea
thatshowss
y knowledge
sttheTamils
theEastern
iseoftheSin
The Muslims
owledge.
T
isassessedt
elastyear.
andtheirpa
rhood or a
marchorad
edbysomeo
etingsorde
asuredusing
provincial poli
neshaving hi
weretakenas
ranyof the7
rannexPg6
42.
44.
0.0 20.
al
tion
tion
Ref.7
swerstothe
ignsofchang
able, even t
aswellasin
espondents,
halese.Over
are equally
hroughtheir
hisincludes
rticipationin
community g
emonstratio
ne from a po
onstrations.
compositein
tics. Those w
hpoliticalkn
havingmode
questionswer
5
4
44.
37.
40.0 60.0
Political&Civic
9
abovequest
e,littleover
ough in mo
heTamilpre
whodisplay
ll,20%displ
ivided betw
levelofinvol
otinginthe
otherkindso
roup to imp
,disobeying
litical party t
exmadeofan
ho answered
owledgewhile
ratepolitical
etakenas the
4 13.1
18.5
80.0 100.0
articipation
|P a g e
ions.10
As
alfofthe
derately.
dominant
a higher
aya low
en high
ementin
Provincial
fpolitical
ove local
lawthat
o vote or
swersto7
or more
oneswho
nowledge.
oneswho
Low
Moderate
High
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
14/91
AssessmentofTheEasternProvinceRecoveryThePublicPerspective
10|P a g e
Inordertodeterminethepoliticalengagementofthecitizens,acomposite index
wasdevelopedusingtheirparticipationintheabovepoliticalactivities.12
According
to the index, 13.1% have a high engagement in political activities [Ref.7]. Thisfigure relates to the Sinhala people.
13 44.4%, which is the largest section of the
respondents, engage in political activities in moderation. This included a
considerablenumberofSinhaleseandTamils.Thosewhohavealowparticipation
inpoliticalactivities(42.5%)largelycompriseofTamilsandtheMuslims.
On the basis of gender, a majority of women (51.5%) have low political
participation compared to most of the men who comes under the categories of
high(21.2%)ormoderate(47.8%)participation.
The civic engagement of people was appraised through their involvement in the
local community as an active member of a group/association; religious group,
trade union or a farmers association, professional or a business association,
womensgroup,peoplesforumoranyotherNGOsponsoredlocalplanninggroup,
funeralsocietyoraneighborhoodgroup.
A composite index was developed using the level of involvement in the above
mentioned groups.14
As indicated by the index, nearly 20% of the citizens show
high levels of community participation while 37.1% show moderate
participation. [Ref.7]GenerallytheSinhaleseandTamilsfallwithinthis highand
moderate group15
. The 44.4% who indicate low civic participation, includes a
largenumberofMuslims.
On the basis of gender, it seems that womens civic participation is higher than
theirpoliticalparticipation.Forinstance,16.4%ofthewomenhavehighcivic
12TogaugepeopleslevelofPoliticalengagement,acompositeindexwasdevelopedusing
their involvement in8differentpoliticalactivities.Thosewhohaveparticipated in5to8
activitieswereconsideredastheoneswhohaveahighpoliticalparticipation.Thosewho
participated in 2 to 4 activities were considered as the ones who are having moderate
political participation while those who participated injust one activity or the ones who
didnt
participate
in
a
single
activity
were
considered
as
having
a
Low
politicalparticipation.
13ForethnicanddistrictanalysisreferannexPg7
14 Civic engagement is gauged through peoples level of involvement in their local
community as an active member of a group/association where a composite index was
developedusingtheirinvolvementin6differentlocalgroups/associations.Thosewhoare
active members of 3 to 6 groups were considered as the ones who have a high civic
participation while those who are members of 1 to 2 groups were considered as having
moderate civic participation. Those who are inactive members or nonmembers of a
groupisconsideredashavinglowcivicparticipation.
15ForethnicanddistrictanalysisreferannexPg7
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
15/91
Assess
entofTheEasternProvince
particip
regardt
compar
TRUSTI
TheEas
Nation
theCou
A m
respon
all the
though
onlyto
8]
Eve
seen a
commu
enforce
in part
the Pol
win a
among
commu
84.3%,
Courts
contras
Muslim
Tamils
distrust
(43.7%)
(21.4%)
Interest
tosom
When
appare
mostof
Muslim
16For
ecoveryThe
ation as opp
omen,their
edtotheirpo
NINSTITUTIO
ternrespond
l Parliament,
rts,inadditio
jority of
entsplacetr
e six institu
they place
someextent.
n
though
t
ross all the
nities, the
ment institu
icular, the C
ice and the
reatdeal of
t the Si
nity (Arm
Police
569.7%).
16
t to Sinhala
opinion,
have
in the
and the
.
ingly,withr
extent
whil
ompared to
tthatpeopl
theSinhales
s(58.1%)pla
thnicanddistr
PublicPerspect
osed to 6.8
civicparticip
liticalpartici
NS
entswerepo
Provincial C
ntothetrust
the
ustin
tions,
trust
[Ref.
is
is
three
law
tions,
ourts,
rmy,
trust
nhala
4.4%,
In
and
the
igher
Army
Police
gardtopolit
another
45
the trust pe
highlydistr
(50.4%)and
esometrus
ictanalysisref
The
Yo
Yo
or
ive
who have
ationseems l
ation(Mode
lledinterms
ouncil, Muni
theyplacein
icians,48.8%
statethat
t
ple place in
stpoliticians.
theTamils(
inpolitician
rannexPg8
ationalParliam
rProvincialCou
rMunicipalCou
PradeshiyaSab
Politici
TheAr
ThePol
TheCou
Ref.
high politi
ess(Moderat
ate 47.8%,L
ftheirtrust
ipal Council,
politicians.
statethatth
eydo
not
tru
he other six
Infactthisd
6.9%).Incon
s.
17.4
11.5
16.4
5.5
3
26.
17.5
22.
20.0
20.1
14.2
5.8
0.0 5
nt
cil
cil
a
ns
my
ice
rts
8TrustinPoliti
11
al participat
e 38.3%,Lo
ow31%).
insixstatein
the Army, t
eytrustthe
stthe
politici
state institut
istrustishigh
trast,amajo
4.0
6
41.7
65.2
65.7
63.6
48.8
45.9
59.2
52.4
45.7
.0 100.0
alInstitutions
No
Som
Gre
|P a g e
ion. With
40.5%)
titutions;
e Police,
oliticians
ansat
all.
ions, it is
amongst
ityofthe
rust
eTrust
tDealofTrust
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
16/91
Assess
entofTheEasternProvince
ROLE
Therol
various
council
Anove
of org
Comm
politica
groups
wome
activei
Ref.9:
CBOs
NGO
Savings
Religiou
Political
Cultural
Neighb
Educati
Onthe
orbein
Tamilo
percent
andth
express
point.
ofbein
higher
Muslimdisappr
compar
(0.6 %
(4.6%)
same
district
17For
ecoveryThe
FWOMEN
eofwomeni
organization
andlocalaut
rwhelmingm
anizations b
nityBased
lparties,cult
. Unsurprisin
having a ro
nNGOs(12%
group
sgroup
party
group
rhood/villagegr
on/schoolgroup
whole,it
is
t
activeinth
pinion.17
For
ageoftheM
Tamils(6.1
the same
Similarly, in
activeinaN
percentage
s
(3oved of the
edtotheSin
) and the
who expres
iew point.
levelthereis
thnicanddistr
PublicPerspect
INPOLITIC
npubliclife
sandtheirle
horities.
jorityofres
t also bein
rganizations
uralgroups,
ly, amongst
le in educati
)andpolitical
Should
be
member
%
32.5
26.2
31.3
30.6
27.3
29.1
oup 30.4
26.4
eMuslims
listedorgani
instance, int
uslims(22.9
)who
view
terms
GO,a
f the
1.6%)
idea
alese
amils
s the
t the
a
ictanalysisref
Pa
P
L
Gov
ive
S
asassessed
elofreprese
ondentssup
g office be
(CBOs), NG
eighborhood
the listed in
n (65.5%) a
parties(10.8
s
Should not
onlybe
members
butalsobe
office
bearers%
56.7
54.3
59.4
56.4
54.9
58.1
59.6
65.5
hoare
less
s
zations,whe
ermsofbein
)disapprove
rannexPg9
6
0.0
liament
ovincial
ouncil
ocal
rnment
Ref.10Viewsco
ainlyinrela
ntationinth
ortwomen
rers in inst
s,savingsgr
/villagegrou
titutions, pe
d less supp
%).[Ref.9]
Shouldattend
butnot
actively/
occasionally
participate
%
5.1
7.5
6.1
8.1
6.9
6.7
5.8
5.1
upportiveof
comparedt
activeina
,compared
10
26.2
17.7
18.3
3
28.0
.3
14.7
14.8
.2
.3
10.1
22.2
25.4
28.8
20.0 40.
ntheleveloffeparliament,prncilandlocalg
12
iontotheir
parliament,
otjustbeing
itutions vary
oups,religio
s,toeducati
ople are sup
rtive of wo
Womensho
nothave
a
placeinsuc
organisation
5.8
12.0
3.3
4.9
10.8
6.1
4.3
3.0
womenhavi
theSinhales
oliticalparty
otheSinhal
8.1
.9
0
malerepresentavincial
vernment?
Don'tkno
Womenha
politics
Fartoolo
introduce
Fartoolo
representa
womenan
tomakemFairrepres
|P a g e
ositionin
provincial
members
ing from
sgroups,
n/school
ortive of
en being
ld
h
%
Total
%
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
gaplace
eandthe
,ahigher
se(2.4%)
tionin
/Notsure
venoplacein
needto
uota
tionbut
dpartiesneed
oreofaneffortentation
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
17/91
AssessmentofTheEasternProvinceRecoveryThePublicPerspective
13|P a g e
higher reluctance amongst the Batticaloa respondents towards the active
participation of women compared to Ampara and Trincomalee respondents. For
instance, 10.2% of the Batticaloa respondents believe women should not have a
placeinCommunityBasedOrganisations(CBOs)asopposedtothosewhosaythe
sameintheAmpara(2.3%)andTrincomaleedistricts(5.7%).Similarly,15.6%ofthe
Batticaloa respondents believe women should not have a place in NGOs as
opposedtoAmpara(11.6%)andTrincomalee(7.8%)respondents.Respondents in general have a mixed opinion on female representation in the
Parliament,ProvincialCouncilandLocalAuthorities.Byandlarge,peoplefeelthat
thereisfartoolowrepresentation ofwomen inallthree institutions(Parliament
45.4%, Provincial Council 49.6%, Local Government 42.8%). Where the
respondentsfeeltherepresentationistoolow,theybelievethatthesituationcan
be addressed by political parties taking initiatives to increase female
representation
within
the
parties
or
by
women
themselves
making
an
effort
in
playinganactiveroleinpolitics,ratherthantheintroductionofaquotasystem.
Asubstantialpercentagealsobelievesthatthereisfairrepresentation(Parliament
26.2%, Provincial Council 17.7%, Local Government 18.3%). Over onefifth of
theEasternrespondentssaytheyeitherdonotknoworarenotsureofthelevelof
representationofwomenintheabovethreeinstitutions.[Ref.10]Although a substantial number of all three ethnic communities feel that there is
fairrepresentationofwomen intheelectedgovernment institutions,thisopinion
is
somewhat
higher
amongst
the
Muslims.
18
For
instance,
34%
of
the
Muslims
believe there is fair representation in Parliament than the Sinhalese (19.2%) and
the Tamils (24.4%) who state the same. Similarly, 22.8% of the Muslims believe
thereisfairrepresentationintheProvincialCouncilthantheSinhalese(13.4%)and
theTamils(15.9%)whofeelthesame.Ontheotherhand,theTamilsbelievethere
isfartoolowrepresentationinthethreeinstitutions(Parliament 53.8%,Provincial
Council 62.4%,LocalGovernment 54.7%).
On the basis of gender, more men and women seem to believe that womens
representation needs to be increased through quotas at the Provincial and Local
Governmentlevel
compared
to
those
who
say
the
same
about
representation
at
theParliament level. For instance,14.9%ofmenand14.6%ofwomenstatethat
representation needs to be increased through quotas at the Local Government
level. However, only 7.3% of men and 7.3% of women state that female
representationshouldbeincreasedattheParliamentlevel.
18ForethnicanddistrictanalysisreferannexPg11
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
18/91
Assess
entofTheEasternProvince
POWE
People
for th
power
onthe
of
Amend
constit
arrange
devolv
thepro
on p
were l
proposi
even if
Thepo
others.
Respon
proposi
power
favor o
lower,
somer
[Ref.1
TheTa
who h
overwh
powers
(Agree
higher
powers
majorit
With r
agree
respon
theAm
district
19For
ecoveryThe
RSHARING
were asked
ir views on
haring and
maincontent
the 13th
ment, the
tional
ment which
powers to
vinces.Views
owersharing
oked at in
tions.Firstly,
thoseof the
wersofsom
dentsexpres
tions. While
to the regio
f increasing
t58.3%.Its
gionalgover
]
ilsandMusl
ave a mixe
elmingmajor
to the regio
50%, Neithe
percentage
tosomeregi
oftheSinha
gard to the
ith the two
entsexpress
paraandTrin
levelfindings
thnicanddistr
PublicPerspect
&THE13T
terms of t
Thepower
government
regionalgo
edahigh le
there is an
al governm
powers of s
emsthatth
nments;18.4
imsagreeto
d opinion
ityofTamils
ns as oppos
r Agree nor
f Tamils (7
onalgovern
lesewhodisa
districts, a m
propositions.
strongagree
comaleedist
largelyreflec
ictanalysisref
Thepo
govern
increa
Thep
goverincreased
governmen
b
ive
HAMENDM
e agreeme
of
regional
atthecente
vernmentsm
elofagreem
verwhelmin
nts (77.9%),
me regional
citizensare
%disagreein
hetwoprop
r express
(88.8%)and
d to the Si
Disagree 1
.1%) and
entsmoreth
gree(67.6%)
ajority of th
However, a
mentasopp
ictswhoexp
ttheethnicd
rannexPg12
wersofsomere
mentsmayneed
sedmorethano
wersofregional
mentsshould
b
,evenifthoseof
tatthecenterh
edecreased.
Re
ENT
t expressed
government
rhave tobe
ayneedtob
entonboth
majority of
the percent
government
notinfavor
and17.5%
sitionsasop
isagreement
Muslims (79.
halese who
.6%, Disagr
uslims (64.2
antheother
.
respondent
larger perce
sedtothesi
essdisagree
emographics
18.3
5.8
1.5
0.0 20
ional
tobe
hers
l
the
veto
f.11PowerShar
14
with regar
should
be
i
decreased.
increased
hetwopow
support for
age of respo
s more than
fincreasing
xpressingun
posedtothe
.19
For inst
3%)support
have a mixe
e 33.2%). Li
%) support
s,incomparis
s in the thre
tage of the
gnificantperc
ent.Itseem
inthedistrict
22.9
32.1
35.4
45.8
17.5
.2
18.4
.0 40.0 60.
ing
|P a g e
to two
creased,
Secondly,
orethan
rsharing
devolving
ndents in
others is
owersin
certainty.
Sinhalese
ance, an
devolving
d opinion
kewise, a
devolving
ontothe
districts
atticaloa
entagein
sthatthe
.
StronglyDisagr
Disagree
NeitherAgree
Disagree
Agree
StronglyAgree
ee
nor
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
19/91
Assess
entofTheEasternProvince
Onthe
devolvi
provinc
quarter
respon
state
unawar
content
level o
of th
amend
to the
provinc
12]Th
whoar
threee
This cl
unawar
theyex
EASTE
FollowiProvinc
existen
Provinc
undert
Provinc
Electio
firstPr
the firs
context
Provinc
Respon
electio
Council
weref
20For
21
A
briwww.e
ecoveryThe
13th
Amend
g power to
es. Th
s of the East
ents (75.
that they
e of its
, implying a
f understan
constituti
ent which
establishmen
ialcouncils.[
figureforth
not
aware
hnicitiesand
arly shows t
e of the 13th
presstheirag
RNPROVIN
g
the
enactial Council (
e as it was
ialCouncilha
hedirection
e was deme
totheEast
vincialCoun
t election aft
it is useful t
ialCouncil.
dents perce
sheldinMa
electionsan
rtherquestio
thnicanddistr
ef
history
of
thp.gov.lk
PublicPerspect
ent,only13.
the
ree
ern
6%)
are
ain
low
ing
nal
led
of
ef.
ose
fthe
main
c
atthedistric
hat even th
Amendmen
reementors
IALCOUN
ment
of
theNEPC) was
dissolved in
venotbeen
ftheGovern
ged followin
rnProvincial
ilElectionco
er the dem
o examine t
ption of the
y2008.They
ifso,thepa
nedastothe
ictanalysisref
e
Eastern
Provi
7
Ref.
ive
5%oftheEa
ntentof
the
level.20
ugh a vast
that introd
pportforde
IL
13
th
Amenestablished i
June 1990.
heldthereaft
oroftheNor
g a Supreme
Council (EPC
nductedinn
rger of the
e perception
EPC was pri
wereasked
rtytheyvote
reasonsfor
rannexPg13
incial
Council
e
2.4%
5.6%
3.7%
2WhatisthebAme
sternpopulat
13thAmend
ajority of t
ced the pro
olvingpowe
ment
in
19n 1988. Ho
s elections
er, itcontinu
thEasternPr
Court decisi
)washeld in
arly20year
orth East P
of Eastern
arily exami
hetherthey
for.Respon
otvoting.Ad
lections
downl
13.5%
1.3%
3.6%
sicobjectiveofdment?
15
ionundersta
entis
high
a
e Eastern P
vincial counc
rstotheregi
7,
the
Nortever, it ha
for the Nort
edtobead
ovince.The
on in Octob
May2008. I
intheEasta
ovince. Hen
itizens on th
ned in relati
votedinthe
entswhodi
ditionally,as
oaded
from
the13thStrengthen
Presidenta
Devolvemo
provinces
MakeSinhal
languageof
Increaseth
ofpowerin
Don'tknow
Refusetoa
|P a g e
ndsthatitis
crossall
the
ovince is
il system,
ns.
Eastern
a brief
Eastern
inistered
orthEast
r 2006.21
twas the
ndisalso
e, in this
e Eastern
n to the
Provincial
notvote
afurther
hepowerofthe
ainstParliament
repowerstothe
aanofficial
SriLanka
centralization
SriLanka
Notsure
swer
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
20/91
Assess
entofTheEasternProvince
insight
which
theEa
PROVI
An
(84.5
Provin
in M
consis
three
distric
Electio
only
6
Of tho
follow
(16.6
those
almos
(29.9
they
vote
being
27.4%
too
while
regist
22For
23Dep
The
does
compaperma
ecoveryThe
into people
theyselecte
sternProvinc
NCIALCOUN
overwhelmi
)claimtoha
cial Council
y 2008, [R
sofmajoriti
ethnicities
s.22
Accord
n Departm
.7%
actually
se who clai
ed by the
). [Ref. 14
whodidnot
one
) of them
ere not ab
ue to being
awayfrom
h
state they
young to
another 20.
r.
thnicanddistr
rtmentofElec
overestimation
ot include v
ratively
less
pentlyresidein
PublicPerspect
s electoral b
candidates,
ialCouncilan
ILELECTION
g majorit
evotedinth
elections hel
f. 13] whic
sfromallth
and th
ing to th
nt, howeve
cast
their
vot
ed to have
UNF
] Of
ote,
third
state
le to
ill or
ome.
ere
vote
% stating t
ictanalysisref
tions,SriLank
of the voter
oters who h
robability
oftheEast.
0.
20.
40.
60.
80.
100.
ive
ehavior, the
thelegitimac
dtheChiefM
y
e
d
h
e
e
e
r,
e
in
the
East
oted, 80.7%
at they we
rannexPg14
participation c
ve lived out
articipating
in
Ref
80.7
UPFA
Ref.14
were asked
oftheelect
inisteronthe
rn
Provincial
state that th
e not regist
ould be becau
ide the East
voting
comp
8
14.3%
1.2%
.13DidyouvotElectionsh
16.6
UNF
hichpartydidy
16
about the c
ionsandthe
EasternProv
Council
elect
ey voted for
ered in the
se the survey
ern Province
ared
to
the
v
.5%
intheProvincieldinMay2008
2.
Ot
ouvotefor?
|P a g e
riteria on
impactof
ince.
ions
23
.
the UPFA
electoral
population
and have
oters
who
lCouncil
Yes
No
NoResponse
8
er
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
21/91
Assess
entofTheEasternProvince
Prese
reaso
societ
when
candid
Sinhal
incline
candid
repres
party
which
loyal t
protec
anoth
partic
theM
comm
partic
Most
preser
respo
A larg
electi
in a l
Yet,
divide
its leg
of
statin
freea
statin
free
alarge
faira
fair.25
not fr
respo
in Trin
opinio
some
24For
25For
ecoveryThe
ted with a
cited by re
(46.5%). [
selecting t
ate.24
se are m
d to select
ate t
ents his/
or the party
his/her famil
o. The abilit
t religion
r reas
larly
amo
uslimrespon
unities (Sinh
larcriterion
f thepeople
ve the cultu
dentsinthe
e percentag
nswere
con
legitimate m
their opini
on the ext
itimacy;with
he respo
it is som
dfairwhile
it is com
nd
fair.
[Ref.ercentageof
opposedto
In contrast,
ee and fair.
dentsthoug
comalee dist
n of those
hatfreean
thnicand
distr
thnicanddistr
PublicPerspect
ariety of fac
spondents
ef. 15] Mos
eir
he
ore
a
hat
her
to
y is
to
as
on,
gst
ents.Surpri
ala 26%, T
orselectingt
in the three
re of their s
mparadistri
of the citiz
ucted
anner.
n is
ent of
45.9%
dents
ewhat
43.8%
pletely
16]
A
theSinhales
heTamilsan
10.3% of th
In terms of t
ttheelectio
rict thought
in Ampara
fair.
ictanalysis
ref
ictanalysisref
Ref.15
Factors
Theca
Theca
Becaus
Hisabil
Hisabil
Theca
Therei
Candid
Candid
Other
ive
tors for sele
as the abili
ly Tamils an
ingly,acons
amil 35.7%,
heircandidat
districtsmai
ociety. How
ctselectaca
ens, 89.7%,
believethe
dtheMuslim
Eastern res
he district, a
wassomew
heelection
district is d
rannex
Pg
15
rannexPg16
:CriteriainSelec
didaterepresen
didaterepresen
myfriendssup
itytopreserveth
itytoprotectmy
didaterepresen
noparticularre
tewhoserveth
tewhodevelop
45.9%
10.3
ef.16Doyoubelecti
ting candida
ty to preser
the Musli
iderableperc
Muslim15.
e.
nly look for
ver, a consi
didatewho
believe that
electionswe
s,whofeelit
ondents sta
considerabl
hatfreeand
as complet
ivided betw
tingaCandidat
smyparty
sthepartythat
orthim/her
ecultureofour
religion
smycaste
ason
publicwell
thecountry
43.8%
lievethattheEnwasfreeand
17
tes, the mos
ve the cultu
s consider t
entage inall
6%) did not
candidate
erable perc
epresentsth
the Provinci
ecompletel
issomewha
te that electi
number of
fairwhileres
ely freeand
een comple
myfamilyisloya
society
sternProvinceair?
Wascomplet
Wassomew
Wasnotfree
|P a g e
t popular
e of our
is aspect
thethree
have a
ho could
ntage of
irparty.
l Council
freeand
freeand
ons were
atticaloa
pondents
air. The
ely and
%
30.5
l 24.0
11.1
46.5
25.6
9.1
25.8
15.0
2.8
7.6
elyfreeandfair
atfreeandfair
andfair
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
22/91
Assess
entofTheEasternProvince
UPC
Thoug
comin
Gener
witho
they
theth
onth
theSL
(45.5
undec
(88.6
appar
respo
IMPA
Withr
Easter
24.6%
useful
highli
Easter
16.9%
greatl
Easter
develo
and
Howe
that it
positi
impac
there
chang
Provin
the
Provin
the
Furthe
of the
17]
26For
ecoveryThe
MINGELECTI
hthegeneral
gmonths,th
alwillbeh
tbeing
infor
ouldcastth
reeethnicitie
partythey
FP.Thiscate
)voters.On
ided, of whi
). Similarly, t
nt, with a l
dentsremai
TOFTHEPR
egardtothe
nProvince,4
statingithad
in at
hting concer
n people
stating
it
helped
n Province s
pment assi
ddress pro
er, 19.8%
has had nei
e nor a ne
, signifying
has not bee
in E
ce as a res
newly e
cial Council
Chief Mi
rmore, one
Eastern resp
thnicanddistr
PublicPerspect
ONS
publicwasa
ydidnotha
eld initially,
medon
the
irvoteinth
sinthedistri
illcasttheir
oryconsists
heotherha
ch comprise
he reflection
arge section
ingundecide
VINCIALCO
impactofth
1.5%ofther
been
least
ns of
while
has
the
ecure
tance
lems.
state
her a
gative
that
n any
stern
ult of
lected
and
ister.
third
ondents (32.
ictanalysisref
H
ive
arethatan
einformatio
t the timet
ypeof
electi
upcominge
ts.26
Yet,onl
votefor;36.
ofmostofth
d,41.7%oft
a large pe
of the majo
of the pred
d.
NCILANDT
ProvincialC
espondentst
7%) express t
rannexPg16
Refu
Don'tkn
Hasbeenha
Eastern
Hashadnothad
ornegative
Hasbeensomew
atleasthighlight
ofEastern
asgreatlyhelpe
rovincesecured
assistanceand
proble
Ref.17WhatitheChiefMi
electionwas
onwhichel
esurveywa
onthat
was
lection.This
halfofthe
8%ofthem
eSinhalese(
heEasternr
rcentage of
rity ethnic vi
ominantly T
ECHIEFMIN
uncilandth
hinkthe imp
heir ignoran
0.0
setoanswer
ow/Notsure
rmfulforthe
people
anypositive
impact
hatusefulin
ingconcerns
people
theEastern
evelopment
address
s
impacthasthePinisterhadonth
18
goingtobeh
ection Presi
conducted.
tobe
held,
9
pinion isvoi
(50.8%)hav
tatetheywil
2.8%)andth
spondentsst
the Tamil c
wpoint in a
mil Batticalo
ISTER
ChiefMinist
acthasbeen
e of the imp
2.4
3.6
19
16.9
20.0
rovincialCouncieEasternProvin
|P a g e
eldinthe
dentialor
Yet,even
3.9%said
cedbyall
edecided
lvotefor
eMuslim
illremain
mmunity
district is
a district
eronthe
positive
act. [Ref.
32.7
.8
24.6
40.0
landce?
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
23/91
n
a
Assess
Earlierthe
arrowandcl
people.No
wideningthe
cidentsinvol
havebecom
amilGovern
inBatti
entofTheEas
roadsare
tteredwith
theyare
roadsand
ingvehicles
efewer.
entOfficer
aloa
ternProvince
The et
hasa
negati
respo
Chief
Asto
power
adviso
fullpo
theye
Lookin
Musli
and4
comm
know
the
Simila
perce
theth
they
notsu
[
DEVE
Devel
keyde
develo
perce
progra
Furthe
comm
receiv
Given
highli
needs
and h
conce
27For
28For
ecoveryThe
hnic perspec
positiveopini
ve percepti
dentshavea
inisterthan
hereasonst
sofhisoffice
rsandthe fa
wersorfund
itherdonotk
gatthefindi
commun
%oftheTa
unity do
or not sure
reason
ly, a lar
tage from
reedistrictss
ont know
re.
LOPMENTI
pment in th
velopmentis
pment issue
tion of deve
m for the
rmore, in a
unity,those
dcompensa
16 categorie
hted by a m
tobeimprov
aving access
nsoftheciti
thnicanddistr
thnicanddistr
PublicPerspect
ive shows t
onasoppos
n.27
The di
positiveopin
theAmpara
hatmake it
,16.3%state
ct that thec
.Yetmoret
nowornots
gsontheba
ity
il
t
of
.28
ge
all
ay
or
THEEAST
Eastern Pr
sues,andthe
s over the l
lopment tak
astern Provi
tempting to
howerema
ion/assistan
s of develo
ajority of re
ed. Besides,
to clean wat
ens. [Ref.1
ictanalysisref
ictanalysisref
58.9%
ive
at a higher
dtotheSin
strict analys
ionoftheim
ndtheTrinc
ifficultforth
thatitisdu
ntralgovern
anhalf(58.9
reoftherea
sisofethnicit
RNPROVI
vince is asse
irperception
st year. In
n place as a
nce, Nagen
ascertain t
eriallyaffect
e.
ment issues,
pondents. 7
havingacces
er are given
]
rannexPg18
rannexPg18
Ref.18 Therehfindingitdifficu
ercentage in
aleseandth
is shows t
actofthePr
maleerespo
eChiefMinis
tohislacko
ment isobst
%)oftheEas
son.[Ref.18]
y,nearly70
CE
ssed from re
oftheimpro
ddition, the
result of th
hira Navod
he recovery
edbywarwe
roads and
.5%, also b
tomorejob
priority as t
10.2%
14.5%
16.3
vebeenreportslttoexercisethhydoyouthin
19
the Tamil c
eMuslimsw
at mostly
ovincialCoun
dents.
tertoexerci
fexperience
uctinghim i
ternrespond
oftheSinhal
spondents o
ementoffiv
survey asses
governmen
ya (Eastern
of the war
reaskedwh
ransport (83
lieve that h
s,improving
he main dev
thattheChieffullpowersofthisisso?
Helacksex
goodadvis
Thecentral
obstructing
himfullpo
Amixofbo
Dontknow
|P a g e
mmunity
hoholda
atticaloa
cilandits
ethefull
andgood
granting
ntsstate
aandthe
pinion on
ofthese
sed their
initiated
Revival).
affected
therthey
.6%) was
alth care
ducation
elopment
inisterisisoffice.erienceand
rs
governmentis
himingranting
ersorfunds
h1&2
/Notsure
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
24/91
AssessmentofTheEasternProvinceRecoveryThePublicPerspective
20|P a g e
TheTamilsandMuslimsassigngreater importancetomanyofthedevelopment
issues, particularly the Tamils considering most of the issues to be very
important.29
For instance, to name a few of the listed development issues, an
overwhelming majority of the Tamils consider electricity (92.1%), personal
security (90.2%), clean water (90.7%) and human rights protection (84.1%) as
very important. The Sinhalese on the contrary express a mixed opinion (eg;
electricity: Very important 46.9%, Somewhat Important 12.1%, Least
important41%).Voicingtheopinionofthemajorityethnicityinthedistrict,the
Batticaloa respondents too assign greater importance to most of the
developmentissuesliketherespondentsintheAmparaandTrincomaleedistricts.
Ref19:ImportantdevelopmentIssues
CATEGORIES
VeryImportant
%
Somewhat
Important
%
LeastImportant
%
ImprovingRoadsandTransportation83.6 11.2 5.2
ImprovingHealthCare78.5 13.3 8.3
Morejobs77.6 14.9 7.5
CleanWater77.4 11.5 11.1
ImprovingEducation76.9 14.7 8.4
BetterElectricityService74.7 11.3 14
Housing69.2 20.9 9.9
PersonalSecurity/ReducedCrime67.6 14.1 18.3
Irrigationwater65.6 19.4 14.9
HumanRightsProtection61.6
19.6
18.8
Landissues61 23.5 15.5
Accesstoloans59.9 22.8 17.3
Equipmenttocarryoutlivelihood
activitiese.g.fertilizer,outboardmotors 59.1 23.3 17.6
Improvedaccesstosellproducts58.4 23.8 17.8
ReducingEthnictensions58.1 20.6 21.3
AccesstoPaddyLand51.2 24.8 24
Accesstofishingwater47.4 23.5 29.1
29ForethnicanddistrictanalysisreferannexPg19
Regardingmedical
services,morepeoplecan
gettreatmentinthe
hospitalanditconsumes
lesstime.Earliertheschools
wereneglected. Nowthey
havedemolishedtheold
schoolsand
put
up
new
buildings.
Tamil,Government
OfficerinBatticaloa
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
25/91
AssessmentofTheEasternProvinceRecoveryThePublicPerspective
21|P a g e
When asked about the improvement of roads and transport, health care,
education, access to clean water and electricity over the last year, over 50% of
therespondentsintheEaststatedthataccesstoroads,transport,andeducation
has improved over the past year. This is further affirmed by the indepth
discussionscarriedoutwiththepeople,wheresomestatethatundertheMaga
Naguma program roads have been reconstructed improving overall transport
whileintheeducationsectortheyhavewitnessedanimprovementintermsthe
provisionofnewschool
buildings and
conducting of teacher
trainingprograms.
Intwoofthefiveareas,
respondents state that
there
have
been
improvementsoverthe
past year. With access
to clean water,
however the majority
sees neither an
improvement nor
deterioration (53.5%).
Respectively, the
perceptiononaccesstobetterelectricity issplitbetween improved(48.7%)and
nochange(48.8%). [Ref.20]On the whole, theTamil communitybelieves all the above five conditions have
improved30
.Yet,incontrastaconsiderablepercentageofSinhaleseandMuslims
believe the situation of these development issues remains the same. Of those
who feel the development situation has deteriorated, slightly over 10% of the
Sinhalesebelievetheiraccesstocleanwaterhasdeteriorated.10%oftheTamils
and 14% of the Muslims believe their access to roads and transportation has
deteriorated.
At the district level, improvement was noted more in the Batticaloa district in
contrast to the Ampara and Trincomalee districts. In addition, over 10% of the
respondentsintheAmparadistrictbelievethesituationofaccessingcleanwater
has deteriorated. Similarly, over 10% of the respondents in Ampara and
Tricomalee districts believe their access to roads and transportation has
deteriorated. Once again the district views seem to reflect the opinion of the
respectiveethnicitiesinthethreedistrictsoftheEasternProvince.
30ForethnicanddistrictanalysisreferannexPg21
44.9
56.4
52.4
36.6
48.7
49.7
32.3
42.6
53.5
48.8
5.4
11.3
5.0
9.9
2.6
0.0 50.0 100.0
AccesstoImproving
HealthCare
AccesstoImprovingRoads
andTransportation
AccesstoImproving
Education
AccesstoCleanWater
AccesstoBetterElectricity
Service
Ref20:Doyouthinkthefollowingissueshaveimprovedoverthelastyear?
Deteriorated
Neither
improved
nordeteriorated
Improved
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
26/91
Assess
entofTheEasternProvince
Accor
develo
agricul
fertiliz
Busin
draina
accord
develo
under
Never
the la
Althou
labore
Sinhalbeliev
itcan
wassl
move
thatn
that t
thepo
NAG
Over
Nage
expres
Sinhal
Navod
of the
respo
aware
Navod
progra
respo
and T
those
claim
respo
roads
schem
31
For
ecoveryThe
ing to the
pmentinitiat
lture sector,
erstoragefa
sseshaveex
gesystemsa
ingtothere
pment proj
rivileged,bu
heless, despi
st two years
ghjoboppo
rs. Moreove
sethan
the
therehasb
stillbeimpro
wprogressi
ent, particu
othingmuch
ere is poor
orplanningi
NAHIRANAV
50% of the
ahira Navo
sed by a m
se however
aya progra
districts, th
dents show
ness of the
aya d
m incompar
dents of t
rincomalee d
whoareawa
to have b
dents lista
in the interi
es,fertilizer,
thnicanddistr
PublicPerspect
indepth int
iveshavecre
eople are gi
ilities,ricest
eriencedso
ndcanalsin
spondents,N
ects such
ildingroads,
te having wi
respondent
tunitieshav
, there is a
Tamilsin
ter
enanimpro
vedfurtherb
nlivelihooda
larly in the H
hashappene
lanning in d
developme
ODAYAPRO
Eastern res
aya develo
ajority of th
express a co
. In terms
Batticaloa
a lesser
egenahira
velopment
isontothe
e Ampara
istricts. Of
reoftheNe
nefitted fr
ariety of de
or and in th
aterfacilitie
ictanalysisref
ive
Ref.2
rviews, East
atednewjob
ven loan faci
oragefaciliti
egrowthas
ertainareas
GOshaveca
as providing
ousesandc
nessed prog
s state they
beencreate
perception
msof
job
op
vementinth
yproviding
ctivitiesbeca
SZs and the
d in termsof
evelopment.
t.
RAM
pondents st
ment progr
e three eth
nsiderably hi
genahiraNav
m it [Ref.
elopment ini
e main city,
stopromote
rannexPg22
42.5%
AwarenessoftDevelop
ern respond
opportunitie
lities and ot
sandseeds
aresultofth
havealsobe
riedoutac
microcred
nstructingto
ress in devel
are faced w
d, it was ma
of preferenc
portunities.S
agricultural
aterfacilitie
useofthere
inadequate r
developmen
Political inte
ate that th
am [Ref. 2
icities and
gher awaren
odayaprogr
22]. In the
tiatives such
rebuilding b
agriculture,
22
57.5%
he'NegenahiraentProgram
nts believe
sforthepeo
er necessitie
tomakenurs
edevelopme
nrenovated
nsiderablen
it facilities
iletsetc.
pment activ
ith various
inly in the ca
e being give
imilarly,tho
sector,some
forcultivati
strictioninfr
esources. So
twhileothe
ference is bl
y are awar
]. This awa
in the distri
ss of the N
m,aonefift
indepth d
as the const
ridges, provi
rovidinghou
|P a g e
avodaya'
Yes
No
that the
le.Inthe
s such as
erybeds.
t.Tanks,
.Further,
umberof
for the
ities over
roblems.
tegory of
n to the
ghmany
feelthat
n.There
edomof
e argue
sbelieve
amed for
e of the
reness is
ts.31
The
genahira
h(20.3%)
iscussions
uctionof
ding loan
sing
8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
27/91
ind
get
rur
an
p
lek
Na
g
M
Assess
ecanexpres
velopmenta
ogetherass
aldevelopme
dcomeupwi
riorities(pra
naya).Throg
expressourv
development.
Nagumaan
gumaprogr
vernmentdo
work.
SinhalaFa
rawewa,Tri
entofTheEas
sourideas
tivities.We
cieties(eg:
ntsociety)
thalistof
ukatha
uhthiswe
iewson
Gama
Maga
msofthe
eslotsof
merin
ncomalee
ternProvince
faciliti
tanks,
Fouro
Nage
progra
discus
that b
the
them,
under
Navod
limite
peopl
Negeaffect
initiati
Trinco
benefi
impro
of sta
progra
prese
Anov
consul
develo
also c
gover
who
in
Never
respo
they
expres
the
instan
have
sucha
pram
were
opinio
ecoveryThe
s, electricity
providingbet
utoffiveres
ahira
m.
In
th
sions respon
enefits have
ajority. A
the develo
the
aya progra
toconflict
interviewed
ahiraNavod
dbythecon
vesas thed
maleedistrict
tedfromthis
ement,acco
ing that not
m while so
tedasNege
rwhelming
ted by the
pmentofthe
onfirm that
ment author
akesthede
develop
heless, a
dents state
were
abls their opini
authorities.
ce, some
formed so
sruraldevelo
katha leken
eldwithvilla
nswereobtai
PublicPerspect
, improving
termedicalf
ondents(79.
Navodaya
indepth
ents reveal
not reached
cording to
ment work
Negenahira
is either
ffectedarea
intheAmpa
ayahas
not
flict,andide
velopmentp
,somepeopl
developmen
dingtothei
ing new ha
e argue tha
ahiraNavod
ajority(90.3
Governmen
area[Ref.2
ost of the
ities in decis
isions
ment.
few
that
to
on to
For
eople
ieties
pmentsociet
ya tohand
geleadersto
nedforthe
ive
Ref.2
Ref.23Government
termso
schools, ren
cilitiesasbe
7%)statetha
or limited t
radistrictsta
reachedthe
ntifiedonly
rojects that
einthecoast
tprogram.F
terviewscon
taken place
developme
ayadevelop
%)of
the
pe
t/Provincial
].Theindep
respondents
ion making.
yandhavec
over to thea
discussdevel
oraWewa
2
79.7%
Haveyoubenprogra
9.7%
0.3%
aveyoubeencProvincialCounfthedevelopm
ovating religi
efitsreceive
ttheyhaven
themainci
tethatthed
mparadistri
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8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
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8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec
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