View
240
Download
2
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
1/17
AUGUSTE PERRET
History of architecture
S5 batch
Holy crescent college of
architecture
Submitted by,
Sree Parvathy
Siva Prasad
BRUTALISM
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
2/17
INTRODUCTION
French architect.
1874-1958.
Educated from Paris.
Specialist in reinforced
concrete constructions.
Created a style that
blended modern
theories with classic
architecture.
PHILOSOPHY
Merging modern achievement
with classical principles.
Concern towards details and
textures.
connection between natural
forms, classical symmetry and
order, and the structuralsystem of concrete.
Museum of Public Works - heavily influenced
by theAncient Greek architecture.
WORK CHARECTOR
use of classical
proportion andsymmetry.
His functionalapproach to design.
construction in
reinforced concrete.
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
3/17
TIMELINE
1874 birth.
education(arts) in Paris.
1897 terminates career at Ecole des Beaux.
Starts to work with his father(stone mason)
1899 casino, st Malo.
1900 started using advanced building technologies.
1902 Avenue Wagram apartment building.
1903 Rue Franklin apartment building.
1922 started proposing massive skyscrapers.
1954 - Death
Casa Berneval-Sur-Mer,1891
Avenue Niel,1903
Taller De Confeccion
Esders,1919
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
4/17
.
Up till 1908 the young Le Corbusier worked in Perretsarchitectural practice. From him Le Corbusier learned
about:using reinforced concrete to create skeletal
structures for building
using classical proportions and composition inmodern designusing standardised components in design and
constructiona geometric approach to design and the flat
roof as living space.
Hennebiquessystem, developed in 1892,
for structural continuity in reinforcing
concrete posts, beams and slabs.
Perretsbuildings have a rationalfunctionalism. Concrete is left raw, though
sometimes with coloured or patterned
elementsto them. His designs arose out of
modernfunctional considerationsrather
than aesthetic ones.
Theatre des
champselysees
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
5/17
Styles followed...
Neo-classical.
Neoclassicismis the name
given to
Western movements in the
decorative, literature, theat
re, music, and architecture
that draw inspiration from
the "classical" art and
culture of Ancient Greece
or Ancient Rome.
National romantic.
Late 19thearly 20th century.
reaction to industrialism .
Expression of nationalism.
expressed progressive social andpolitical ideals, through reformed
domestic architecture.
Casino st.malo
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
6/17
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
Pioneer in concrete construction.
Perret viewed concrete as a superior form of
construction to masonry.
He did not use concrete to form a structural
whole in the way suggested by Le Corbusier and
Walter Gropius.
Started to use concrete from 1900.
Tried to link modern achievements and classicist
principles.
Theatre des champs
Rue Franklin Apartments.
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
7/17
St li ti f t f P t R F kli
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
8/17
Stylistic features of Perrets Rue Franklin
Apartments
The non-weight-bearing walls are ex-
pressed as slightly-recessed infill panelsof floral-patterned ceramic tile.
At street level the Perrets had their architecture studio. This
large, open space exposed the uprights of the concrete
frame and became forerunners of Le Corbusiers pilotis.
U-shaped front faade inspired by statutory
light courts at the rear of Parisian
apartment buildings.
The trabeated, rectangular concreteframe throughout building is not
exposed directly, but is expressed by
the plain tiles on the faade.
The rectangular frame allows for roof
terraces on setbacks of upper apartments.
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
9/17
features of Perrets Rue Franklin Apartments
At the sixth storey apartment a reinforced concrete
frame breaks free of the wall surface. This looks forwardto the airy, transparent effects of the International Style.
Glazed openings are as large as zoning laws allowed.
The concrete frame allows for thin wall partitions and
maximum interior space.
A full appreciation of the buildings form can be gained
only by moving across its entire faade. This experiential
dimension to architectural form and space is modernist.
Dining room Drawing room Bedroom
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
10/17
The rectangular frames
were not exposed, tiles were
used instead.
Wall tile
Lowest storey
is emphasised
as separate
unit.
Rear wall of the building: glass walls Art nouveau
resemblance
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GJTWwUKKu3k/TnjqKKbsrmI/AAAAAAAADCU/4fsP330nzpQ/s1600/Perret_montage2.jpghttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GJTWwUKKu3k/TnjqKKbsrmI/AAAAAAAADCU/4fsP330nzpQ/s1600/Perret_montage2.jpg8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
11/17
Perret deliberately made the apartment partition walls nonstructural throughout and
their partial removal would have yielded an open space, punctuated only by a series of
free-standing columns.
Lower portion of Faade with entrancesUpper portion of Faade showing
projecting wings
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
12/17
Rebuilding city of Le Havre
The city was severely bombed during world war
2.
Destroyed area reconstructed during 1945 -1964.The site forms the administrative, commercial
and cultural centre of Le Havre.
an outstanding post-war example of urban
planning and architecture.
the systematic utilization of a modular grid.
the innovative exploitation of the potential of
concrete.
BEFORE AFTER
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
13/17
The project was based on a
basic grid module of 6.24 m2 .
The lots were laid out on a 100
m grid, although some were
combined to make larger lots.
THE URBAN DESIGN
City centre
Port Sea
The Golden triangle of Le
Havre city plan.
Spirit of thetown-
NEOCLASSICAL.
The idea of the structure is to make it modular and completely transparent so that no
structural elements remain hidden.
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
14/17
Use of reinforced concrete
Concrete- the modern material at that time was extensively used.
{ traditional materials were not readily available}
Offered technical and economic features.
Construction framework
Invisible grid Consistency in volume.
Maximum
standardisation of
architectural features.
Planning based on grid system
Classicism
Columns,capitals,
entablature &
cornice followed
classical style.
Flat roof was included
symmetrically in all
construction.
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
15/17
Brutalism
A style of architecture from 1950s to mid 1970. Characteristics
Strong bold shapes.
Expressed reinforced concrete
structures.
Largeness of scale,strong,muscularcharacter.
Large areas of blank walls.
Brick work & stones.
Diagonal, sloping or curved elements
contrasting with vertical & horizontal
members.
Boston City Hall,1969
Top heavy massing ,use of slender base
supports & the use of raw concrete.
The interior of
Philips Exeter
Academylibrary,1967
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
16/17
New Brutalism was one aspect ofinternational style of architecture ,created
by Le Corbusier followed by Ludwig Mies
Van Der Rohe & F.L Wright.They demanded functional approach to
design.
The use of glass & steel by Mies Van
Der Rohe represented New Brutalism.
Le Corbusiers expressionist
interpretation of the
International Style involved
the use of monumental
sculptural shapes and of raw,
unfinished moulded concrete.
8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)
17/17
Brutalism, as a reform movement, advocated the return to functionalist principlesin
services, materials, and structure.
characterised by angular
forms and rough materials
(glass, brick, concrete).
Short lived fashion.
Many buildings in UK (1950-1960) are constructed in this
style.
The Get Carter car park.
BRUTALISMRAW CONCRETE
Recommended