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8/11/2019 Aw101 Chap 6
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HAZARDIDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT
& RISK CONTROL
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OBJECTIVE
To identify types of Hazard in work areaTo make Risk AssessmentsTo suggest Risk Controls toOrganizationTo implementing Risk ControlsTo review Risk Controls
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HIRARC
LEGAL
ACCIDENT &
NEAR MISSES
FEEDBACK &
COMPLAIN INSPECTION
& AUDIT
SOP
INTERNALAUDIT POLICY SAFETY
COMMITTEE
TRANING
ERP
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
HIRARC -Planning & Implementation
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OSH-MS (MS 1722:2003)
Policy
OrganizingPlanning And ImplementationMeasuring Performance
Action for Improvement
Key Elements
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Why We Need OSH-MS
Our Organization to be No. 1Increase Return of Investment
- employees, money , time.. Safe work place
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How To Start
Organization should have visionCommitment from management
- right people- resource- time
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Should have internal auditManagement committee to review reports
External auditSpecific organization policy- hazard specificEmployees participation - meeting, training
Safety as basic training
How To Start
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Why conduct a riskassessment
Human factors save life, stop workplace injures,illnesses and increase staff morale.
Legal factors meet legislative requirements,OHS&W and WorkCover.
Financial factors decrease the risk of prosecution
and fines incurred, lower WorkCoverlevies, reduceabsenteeism, increase potential for gainingshareholders and increase productivity.
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Hazard Management Process
Identify the hazards
Assess the risks
Evaluate risks
Control the risks
Monitor and review
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Introduction to HIRARC
Principles used in workplace to managesafety and health.
Section 15 (2)(a) of OSHA 1994:which reads the provision andmaintenance of plants and systems of
work that are,so far as is practicable,safe and without risks to health
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Definition
Hazard A source or a situation with a potential forharm to humans, property and damage of
environment or a combination of these.DangerRelative exposure to hazard.
Risk A combination of likelihood of occurrenceand severity of injury or damage.
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Overview Of HIRARC
Definition of HazardsClassification of HazardsPotential sources of HazardsBasic components of Risk Management
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The Process of Risk Management
Classify Activities(Work, Product, Services)
Identify Hazard
Assess The Risk
Risk Control
Review Risk Control
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Classification & PotentialSources of Hazards
Classification Example of HazardsMechanical - Sharp points & edges, overload.Electrical - Insulation damaged or cover brokenBiological - Exposed, airborne/blood borne microorganism.Chemical - Expose to carcinogens chemical
Ergonomics - Expose to unnatural posturesPsychological- Stress or violent at workplace.
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WORK ENVIRONMENT
Adequate AccessRefers to adequate access to, from and within the workplace
Air ConditioningRefers to uncontaminated air in the work space
Confined SpacesMeans enclosed work space where people do not normallywork (defined in standards)
Temperature Extremes:a) Heat This includes contact with hot objects, hyperthermia, fire (Not explosions)b) Cold This includes contact with cold objects and hypothermia
LightingRefers to adequate illumination for the particular work being done
Mental StressIncludes bullying, workplace violence, shift work, excessive work loads
Dehydration Adequate water supply for the individuals while working
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ENERGY
ElectricalIncludes contact with exposed wires and contact with high voltage
GravityIncludes falls, trips and slips of persons as well as objects falling, working atheights
Kinetic Energy:
a) The body hitting objects Hitting objects with part of the bodyb) Hit by moving objects Being hit by moving objects but excluding fallingobjectsc) Explosion An explosion may also include heat as a hazardd) Penetrating objects This includes all objects that can penetrate includingneedles
Vibration
Includes vibration to parts or to the whole body Acoustic/NoiseIncludes exposure to single, sudden sound or long term exposure
PressurePressure in hydraulic and pneumatic systems
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BIOLOGICAL
Biological /Microbiological
Includes bacterial, fungal, viral, parasiticor human/animal tissue/fluids bloodproducts
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MECHANICAL
VehiclesBeing caught between, struck by or againstvehicles(includes fork lifts)
Mobile and Fixed PlantBeing caught between, struck by or against plant(defined in legislation)
Powered EquipmentIncludes electrical or fuel powered equipment, toolsand appliances
Non-Powered EquipmentIncludes non-powered hand tools, appliances andequipment
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CHEMICAL
FlammableRefers to chemicals which burn
CorrosiveRefers to chemicals which will corrode tissue or metals
Toxic Refers to chemicals which will poison a workerOxidizers
Refers to chemicals which will provide oxygen to a fire, orreact readily
Compressed GasesRefers to gases which under high pressure
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Hazard Identification
To keep workplace safe and healthy.-employers should make sure there are nohazards to which employees could beexposed.Employers should look for hazards inadvance
as part of their risk management plan toprevent potential hazards.
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Actions & Recommendations
All related statements should bemade
With no cost restrainsShould be reviewed every 4 monthsNeed management support
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Risk Assessment
Is the process of evaluating the risk tosafety & health from hazards at work
Types - Qualitative
- Semi-quantitative- Quantitative
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How To Assess Risk
1) Look for the Hazards2) Decide who might be harmed & how
3) Evaluate the risk and check what isdone to prevent it from happening
4) Record finding 5) Review assessment and revise it
if necessary
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Types of Risk Assessment
Qualitative - (Use Risk Matrix )-table scales for likelihood and
severity Fatality Major injuries Minor injuries First aid or near misses
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Types of Risk Assessment
Based on statisticLikelihoodVery likelyLikely
UnlikelyHighly Unlikely
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Qualitative Risk Table
SeverityLikelihood
V/Likely Likely Unlikely H/Unlikely
Fatality High High High MediumMajorInjuries
High High Medium Medium
MinorInjuries
High Medium Medium Low
First Aid/N/misses
Medium Medium Low Low
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Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment
Severity Categories1. First Aid
2. Less than 4 days M/C3. More than 4 days M/C4. Fatality & Permanent Disability
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Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment
Likelihood Occurrence
1. Yearly2. Monthly3. Weekly
4. Daily
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Semi-Quantitative Risk Table
LIKELIHOOD
SEVER
ITy
Yearly Monthly Weekly Daily
1 2 3 4
First Aid 1 1 2 3 4
< 4 Days MC 2 2 4 6 8
> 4 Days MC 3 3 6 9 12
Fatality &PermanentDisability
4 4 8 12 16
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Quantitative Risk Assessment
In cases where hazards are numerousand complex
eg; Chemical process plantShould have Job Safety Analysis (JSA)- describe job in less than 10 steps
- List things that can go wrong- eg; Changing a Car Wheel
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Actions & Recommendations
EL- EliminateSL- Substitute
IS- IsolationEC- Engineering Control
AC - Administration Control
PPE- Personal ProtectionEquipment
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Actions & Recommendations
Eg;EL - stop work, cover hazard SL - use other route, other material..
IS - put up temporary barrier, EC - construct permanent wall,..
AC - put up notice, job rotation,
PPE - gloves, respirator,
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Thank You
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